-
Somalia
Inquiry & Government Reaction
- 1995-1997: Somalia Inquiry
- Departmental
Reaction to Somalia Inquiry
- Special
Advisory Group on Military Justice and Military
Police Investigation Services
January 1997 to July 1997 -
The Special Senate Committee on the Canadian
Airborne Regiment in Somalia (April 1997)
- TheReport
to the Prime Minister on the Leadership and Management of the
Canadian Forces (March 1997)
- Minister's
Monitoring Committee on Change in the Department of
National Defence and the Canadian Forces (October 1997 to
1999)
- Bill
C-25--An Act to amend
the National Defence Act and to make consequential
amendments to other Acts (Royal
Assent, 10 December 1998)
- 2003 -- Five Year Review of Bill C-25
- 2011 -- Second Five Year Review of
Bill C-25
Outward displays of loyalty to the Queen are
fundamental to Canadian military discipline, a judge has
ruled, rejecting the complaint of an army officer of Irish
ancestry who objected to toasting "an unelected monarch of
foreign origin."
Captain Aralt Mac Giolla
Chainnigh has campaigned for years to be excused from
regimental dinner traditions such as toasting the Queen,
saluting the Union Jack or singing God Save the Queen.
However, in a 28-page ruling
released yesterday, Mr. Justice Robert Barnes of the
Federal Court said confusion would ensue if members of the
military could opt out of various protocol requirements.
.....
In his judgment, Judge Barnes
wrote that the Chief of the Defence Staff, General Rick
Hillier, was right when he decided in August, 2006, to
support a grievance board ruling that rejected the
captain's claims.
"Whether Capt. Mac Giolla
Chainnigh likes it or not, the fact is that the Queen is
his Commander-in-Chief and Canada's Head of State," Judge
Barnes wrote.
....
Capt. Mac Giolla Chainnigh,
who legally changed his name from Harold Kenny to the
Gaelic version, is an associate professor of physics at
Royal Military College in Kingston, and a member of the
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.
HAECK, Louis, 1951-, "A Canadian view on ballistic missile
proliferation and space defense", Working paper n.98/04, Royal
Military College of Canada, Department of Politics and Economics;
__________ "Certains aspects politiques et juridiques de
l'utilisation militaire de l'espace", (1997) 36 Mil. L. &
L. War Rev. 159;
[...] En 1974 il termine ses études en droit et transfère
au 51 Bataillon de Services comme capitaine à la compagnie
de logistique.
En 1981 il obtient sa maîtrise en droit et est promu major
au sein de la 438 escadron de nos Forces aériennes. Il est
muté au
quartier général du Groupe de la Réserve Aérienne à
Winnipeg, Manitoba jusqu’en 1989 comme officier supérieur
d’état-major.
Il obtient son doctorat en droit de McGill la même année
pour rejoindre les rangs de l’Agence spatiale canadienne
comme
officier de liaison. Il est désigné comme membre de la
Commission juridique du CIOR de 1995 à 1998 à Bruxelles,
Belgique.
Il a enseigné plusieurs années aux académies militaires
alliées en tant que professeur d’études stratégiques dont,
le Collège
Militaire Royal, Westpoint et USAF Académie au Colorado et
à NORAD. En 1999 il rejoint les rangs du Groupe des
Communications au quartier général comme expert à la
direction spatiale à Ottawa, Ontario. Il est promu
lieutenant-colonel
intérimaire en 2001 après avoir réussi le cours de
commandement d’état major à Kingston au QGDN. En 2002 il
demande,
pour des raisons familiales, un transfert à Montréal au 3e
Régiment de Génie comme commandant d’escadron et par la
suite
commandant adjoint du Régiment. En 2006 il est le G9 de la
34 Brigade vu son MBA en gestion de risques. En 2007 il
revient
au 34 Régiment du Génie de Combat comme officier de
liaison et conseiller en éthique et se qualifie comme
officier de mesures
de contingence.
Il a obtenu la prestigieuse bourse de l’OTAN pour
son doctorat et en 1991; la bourse postdoctorale du
Ministère
de la Défense pour ses recherches en études stratégiques
au CMR et de nombreux prix et mérites académiques pour ses
publications.
En 2007 il est sélectionné comme officier de développement
pour la Fondation des Bourses du Millénaire du
Canada.[...]
Description: The exploration of space
started a long time ago with the inception of civil
aviation. This mode of transport very soon became
a matter of great interest to the military.
Today our strategists are concerned about the outer space
and the limits of our universe. We do not
have an airforce anymore; we have an aerospace force. The
first part of this thesis is a study of the air law applicable to the military operations
of our pilots. The study begins with an introduction in the
world of the international public law
and then moves on to the laws of armed
conflicts. The flight continues with a fly pass over the
laws of airwar and, lastly, the Canadianmilitarylaw. In the second part of the
thesis,
we deal with the space law
applicable to the military
operations in space. We look at the international public law and several multilateral and
bilateral agreements relating to the use of outer space for
military activities. We also
study specific problems of interest for some military
operations in outer space. Thereafter we analyse some legal
implications of the spying in space, space stations and self
defence. The Soviets'
doctrine on space laws is explained in chapter eight. After,
we do one full orbit around the law of disarmament in outer
space and land on the
international order in space in the last chapter to complete
our journey in deep space. Lastly, we finally conclude that
the military personnel
serving in different aerospace forces need a better "corpus
aero-spatialis". We, the jurists, should work to fix the
legal limits of military operations
in the air and space environment. Ultimately, we need an
international instrument determining the common rules of law
of armed conflict for
military personnel serving in their respective aerospace
forces. (source: http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?ct=facet&fctN=facet_rtype &fctV=Dissertations&rfnGrp=1&rfnGrpCounter=1&frbg=&indx=151&fn=search&dscnt=0&scp.scps=primo_central_multiple_fe&vid=01LOC&mode=Basic&ct=Next%20Page&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0) =%22canadian%20military%20law%22&dstmp=1471511386776,
(accessed 18 August 2016).
___________"Space Law in Military
Academics in North America", (1991) 34 Proc.
on L. Outer Space 187;
HAECK, Louis, Georgious Leloudas, "Legal aspects of aviation risk
management", (2003) 28 Annals of air and space law/Annales de
droit aérien et spatial 149–169;
I was wrongly disbarred
by the Law Society of Upper Canada on
March 23,1995. Ever since, the Law Society has covered up
its
mistake with the help of the Ontario judiciary. Ontario
judges failed
to follow the rule of law by ignoring my uncontested
evidence when
I represented myself after my wrongful disbarment. ....
....
In early
1991, as a defending officer at a court martial I tried
to persuade
a witness to give truthful testimony to save my client
from a wrongful
conviction on a charge of aggravated assault. My client,
Cpl. John Gravline,
was clearly wrongly convicted.
As a result of my conduct, my military career was
destroyed by a malicious
Judge Advocate General (Commodore Peter Partner) who
sought his revenge
against me for the togue-lashing he got from Justice
Muldoon of the Federal Court;
I was illegally re-prosecuted as a civilian under the
Canadian military justice
system after my military appeal was allowed on May 12,
1992, (also as a result
of the JAG's malice); federal MPs of all parties ignored
my case - I'm sure they
were all covering up the neglect of their leaders; I was
wrongly disbarred by the
Law Society of Upper Canada; and I was subjected to a
comprehensive failure of
Ontario judges to follow the rule of law after my
wrongful disbarment. ....
____________on HAINSWORTH, Captain Ross, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald
Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers, Ottawa :
Office of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at pages 148-149,
available at 103-242;
image
source: commonlaw.uottawa.ca/en/people/bindman-stephen,
accessed 18 August 2017
Stephen Bindman
___________on
HAINSWORTH, Ross, see the article by BINDMAN,
Stephen, "[ For the first time, a Canadian military... ]", CanWest News, Jun 2, 1991, p.1;
following his conviction, Hainsworth appealed and a new trial
was ordered. He had a second court martial.
[Research note: on Mr. Hainsworth, see also: Canada (Attorney General) v. Hainsworth,
2004 CanLII 15063 (ON SC), <http://canlii.ca/t/1hd1l>;
Hainsworth v. Canada, [2003]
O.J. No. 6162, at paras. 32-34 (S.C.J.).;
Hainsworth v. Canada, [2003]
O.J. No. 6163, at paras. 32-34 (S.C.J.);
R. v. Graveline, 1994
CanLII 10724 (CMAC), <http://canlii.ca/t/ggprg>;
referred to in G-Civil Inc. v. Canada (Public Works and
Government
Services Canada), 2006 CanLII 42655 (ON SC), <http://canlii.ca/t/1q6p8>;
Hainsworth v. Attorney General of Canada,
2011 ONSC 2642 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/flm2z>]
___________on HAINSWORTH, Ross, see the
article by Gadd, Jane, "Lawyer is guilty of harassing MP's
staff", The Globe and Mail, 14 October 2018, at p. A30;
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The
Globe and Mail
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/....
accessed 15 November 2018
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
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Mr. MacKenzie provided us
with the following information.
Mr. Hainsworth was a defence
counsel on a court martial proceeding
and that role gave rise to the allegations of
professional misconduct
in this case. Mr. Hainsworth had joined the Judge
Advocate General
(JAG) in l987 and was called to the Bar in l980. The
incident giving
rise to these discipline proceedings occurred in l99l.
Mr. Hainsworth
was dismissed from the Canadian Forces in January of
l992. Mr. Hainsworth
was court martialled on two charges. As a result of plea
negotiations,
Mr. Hainsworth pleaded guilty to a charge of fraud on
the government.
Mr. MacKenzie advised us that Mr. Hainsworth appealed
that decision based
on the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v.
Generaux 70 CCC (3d) (3d)
that s.ll(d) of the Charter had been violated by the
court martial
proceedings. Mr. Hainsworth was successful on the
appeal. A second prosecution
was commenced, but Mr. Hainsworth successfully argued
that a procedural error
had been made and that charge did not proceed. Mr.
MacKenzie advised us that
at the present time he was uncertain whether a third
attempt would be made
to proceed with a court martial against Mr. Hainsworth.
___________on HAINSWORTH, Ross, Captain
was the prosecutor in the Standing Court Martial of R. v.
McLeod 1988 CM 17, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 4 May 1988, source of
information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario):
Canada Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3,
at p. APP2: 1988-12;
Source:
pressreader.com/canada/the-aurora-labrador-city/20171204/281487866676474,
accessed 30 June 2018
From Left: Melanie Lake, Kathy Haire,
and Sarah Heer
HAIRE, Kathy F., Major, "Professionalism in the Army: From Murder
in Somalia to Disgrace in Afghanistan, How Far Has the Army
Come?", Canadian Forces College, JCSP 42, 2015-16, Master of
Defence Studies, v, 94 leaves, available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/318/286/Haire.pdf
(accessed 15 August 2016);
HALL, G.W., Major, Assistant-Judge Advocate General at Camp
Borden in 1944, see The Quarterly Army List, January 1944,
Part 1, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1944 at p.
165 (bottom number) or p. 177B (top number), available at https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8897/88977987.23.pdf
(accessed 20 March 2019);
HARRISON ANDREW HALPENNY
Andrew Halpenny spent the majority of his professional
career in the Canadian Armed Forces as an infantry
officer
and a military lawyer. He served across Canada, in
Europe, the Balkans, Middle East, and in South Asia.
Following
retirement, he worked for several years with the RCMP as
legal counsel. He is an active member and past director
of the Rockcliffe Flying Club in Ottawa. He completed
his Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of
Manitoba,
his Bachelor of Laws degree at Queen's University, and
his Master of Laws degree at the University of Ottawa.
Image
source: heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cybil50&div=21&id=&page=,
accessed 13 October 2017 Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and
scrolling the wheel of the mouse allows to zoom in
or out of the web page being viewed
___________ The Governance of
Military Police in Canada, mémoire de maîtrise en droit
(LL.M.), Université d'Ottawa, 2009; non disponible pour
consultation; titre noté dans (automne 2009) 68 La Revue du Barrreau du Québec
584; now published in (2010) 48(1) Osgoode Hall Law Journal 1 to 54 approx.;
available at http://ohlj.ca/english/documents/48_1_HALPENNY_changesmade_10_07_14.pdf
(accessed on 23 February 2011);
English Abstract
The Military Police is a special federal police force in
Canada with unique authority, designed to support military
commanders both in
operations and in garrison. However, it has historically been
under the command of non-Military Police officers, and is
consequently
not governed like other police forces in Canada. Part of this
arrangement can be explained by its special military duties,
but much of
it is the result of a tradition that is at odds with current
societal norms. It is the position of the author that
differences in norms between
the Military Police and other Canadian police forces can only
be justified by bona fide military requirements. This article
proposes
pragmatic changes that would see the Canadian Forces Provost
Marshal, who is the senior Military Police officer of the
Canadian
Forces, command all Military Police. Their duties and
functions, however, would be guided by a newly established
Military Police
Services Board. This Board would provide transparent policy
guidance and require equally transparent accountability from
the
Military Police in a manner that respects the norms of
Canadian law and other police services. Reprinted by
permission of the
publisher. (source: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol48/iss1/1/,
accessed 6 February 2015)
___________ Independence and
Impartiality and the Canadian military judicial system,
Toronto : Canadian Forces Command and Staff College, 1989, 20, 5,
2 leaves;
___________photo of HALPENNY, Andrew:
"Sundridge South River Airport owner Dave Jenkins (left)
and manager Gary
Thornborow welcome avid small aircraft operators like Joya
and Andrew
Halpenny (centre) who flew all the way from Ottawa area on
Saturday for a
fly-in and pancake breakfast. May 12, 2018. - Danielle
Marr/Metroland"
Source:
northbaynipissing.com/community-story/8605828-new-owner-has-big-plans-for-sundridge-south-river-airport/,
13 May 2018 (accessed 18 February 2019);
HALPIN, J. Graig (Jeremy Graig), lawyer, member of the OJAG since
2012; Deputy Judge Advocate, CFB Gagetown since 2012
(information gathered 1 July 2018); source:
https://ca.linkedin.com/in/graig-halpin-394b01b6; member of the
British Columbia Law Society;
HALPRIN, Paul William, Civil
Status of the Military, LL.B. thesis, University of
Manitoba, Faculty of Law, 1957, 16, [1] leaves ; 29 cm.; copy at
York University, Osgoode Hall Law School Library;
HALTER, Sydney (also seen as Sidney), 1905-1990, avocat,
juge-avocat au commandement aérien du district No. 2 à Winnipeg,
voir "Sydney Halter ce jeune homme malingre d'il y a 36 ans
Aujourd'hui devenu l'homme de fer de tout le footbal canadien", Le
soleil, Québec, mardi 18 février 1958 à la p. 19,
disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3294436(consulté
le 15 mars 2019);
Source: blogue.uqtr.ca/2017/01/16/recherches-etudiants-tres-impliques-benevolement/,
consulté 6 août 2018
"Appel de candidatures--Médailles du
Lieutenant-Gouverneur pour la jeunesse 2017 Kevin Brasseur et Marie-Laurence Audet ont obtenu
cette récompense en 2016. Nathalie Marchand, conseillère
à l’aide
financière, Services aux étudiants UQTR (responsable des
candidatures), Daniel McMahon, recteur de l’UQTR, Kevin Brasseur,
l’honorable J.-Michel Doyon, Lieutenant-gouverneur du Québec,
Marie-Laurence Audet, major Éric Hamelin aide de camp du
Lieutenant-gouverneur et directeur du Service des ressources
humaines de l’UQTR."
HAMELIN, Éric, avocat de la réserve, membre du cabinet du JAG,
voir "Revue annuelle de l'escadron 14 de Shawinigan" Le
Nouvelliste, Trois-Rivières, 20 mai 2000, Cahier 1 à la p.
51; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3299320
(consulté le 6 août 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the
wheel of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the
web page being viewedx
___________research note: Was Capt. René Hamelin, in fact Capt
Louis-René Hamelin married to Quebec painter Marcelle
Ferron? He died on 9 July 1973, see La Presse, 11 juillet
1973, à la page 10, voir http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2737878;
He may not have been a lawyer (research started 8 March
2019);
HAMILTON, C.F. (Charles Frederick), 1869-1933, "The Canadian
Militia" (October 1902) 10 Queen's Quarterly 197-213;
title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (noted 21
May 2017); copy at Ottawa University, AP 5 .Q3 Index v.1-60
1893-1953, off campus storage -- Annex;
____________"Defence 1812-1912" in Adam Shortt, 1859-1931 and Sir
Arthur G. (Arthur George) Dougty, 1860-1936, eds., Canada and
Its Provinces: A History of the Canadian People and Thier
Institutions By One Hundred Associates, Toronto : Glasgow,
Brook and Company, 1914-1917, 23 v. at volume 7, pp. 379-468;
title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (noted 21
May 2017);
LexisNexis Canada with the assistance of the
Office of the Judge Advocate General for the Canadian
Forces
With Canada’s armed forces at their most active
level since the Korean War, this valuable title is a
timely and comprehensive summary of the law that
governs military operations and military personnel. From
a concise discussion of the organization of the Forces
to issues of deployment, human resource
management and military justice, this work is carefully
designed to serve as the definitive first reference for
anyone researching this specialized subject.
Topics covered include:
The statutory and regulatory framework that
authorize and limit military operations
Organization of the Canadian Forces, and the
role of elected and appointed officials
Limitation or exclusion of Crown liability for
military actions
Operational commands
Qualifications and requirements for enrolment
in the Forces
Remuneration, pensions and additional benefits
Promotion, discharge, grievances
Deployment of Forces both internationally and
within Canada
Code of military discipline, courts martial,
the appeals process, and the role of military police
Image
source: https://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/dpr-rmr/2008-2009/inst/fcg/fcg01-eng.asp,
accessed 22 January 2016
Bruno Hamel
HAMEL, Bruno, testimony of Bruno Hamel, Chair, Canadian Forces
Grievance Board, on Bill C-15,An Act to amend the
National Defence Act and to make consequential amendments to
other Acts -- this Bill has the
Short Title:Strengthening Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act,
-
before the House of Commons Standing Committee on National
Defence, meeting number 64, 6 February 2013, minutes
and evidence;
- before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal
and Constitutional Affairs, meeting issue 38, 30 May 2013, minutes
and evidence;
HAMELIN, Capt, legal officer, member of the OJAG, circa 1952,
Korea, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at p. 81 available at i-xii and 1-102;
___________sur Hamelin, René, capitaine, de Montréal à Kure, Japon,
voir "Nouvelles brèves", Le devoir, Montréal, jeudi 26
novembre 1953 à la p. 3, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2782504
(vérifié le 15 mars 2019);
Image
source: ca.linkedin.com/in/graeme-hamilton-9916ba41, accessed 28
December 2016
Graeme Hamilton
HAMILTON, Graeme, "[ Prime Minister JeanChretien tells students that... ]",
CanWest News, Oct 10,
1996, p.1;
Nina Han, first person on the left; source: JAG Annual Report
2016-2017
HAN, Lieutenant(N)
Nina, employed by the Judge Advocate Generall/Director of Law Military Personnel and Assistant
counsel for Her Majesty the Queen in the case of Duncan M.R.
(Captain), R. v., 2013 CM 2002 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/fwq5t>,
accessed 8 June 2018;
___________Photo of
two legal officers: Lieutenant Commander Nina Han and Heidi
Straarup (center of photo):
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF14h14
hours ago
Legal officers and staff from the offices of AJAG Pacific in
Esquimalt and Comox participate annually
in the Great @ShakeOutBC
drill, designed to ensure readiness in the event of a major
earthquake
affecting British Columbia." (site accessed 19 October
2018).
HANCOCK,
Jay, 1977-, Determined
victor : Canada's role in the prosecution of class 'A'
Japanese war criminals, Thesis (M.A.)--Royal Military
College of Canada, 2002;
[Abstract]
The current scholarly investigations into Canada's role at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) incorrectly identifies the Canadian government's motives and interests in the prosecution of Japan's wartime leadership. The careful examination of External Affairs files at the National Archives of Canada and records from the Department of National Defence at the Directorate of History reveal a wide range of incentives for Canada's participation in the post-war reconstruction of Japan. The appointment of a Canadian judge and prosecutor to the inter-Allied military court resulted from a determined effort to secure retribution for the brutal treatment of Canadian nationals and military personnel during the Pacific War. Brigadier Henry G. Nolan and Justice Edward S.McDougall secured influence from Canada's Allied partners through their dedication and determination to serve the cause of justice. A subsequent motivation for participating in the Allied administration of justice in the Far Eastwas the potential to expand Canada's economic partnership with Japan. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (source: http://phdtree.org/pdf/25761795-determined-victor-canadas-role-in-the-prosecution-of-class-a-japanese-war-criminals/, accessed on 5 June 2014);
Image source: linkedin.com/in/nigel-hannaford-1093b189, accessed 8 January 2019 Nigel Hannaford HANNAFORD, Nigel, "The military and the media in Canada since 1992" (2001) 1 Security and Defense Studies Review 199-214; article noted but not consulted yet (8 January 2019);
HANNINGTON, Major H.C., was a member of the OJAG, circa 1918, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at pages 31 and 36, available at i-xii
and 1-102;
Source: ca.linkedin.com/in/ken-hansen-b354661a, accessed 9 October 2018 Ken Hansen
This article examines the renewed interest which legal scholars, courts, and practitioners are giving to military justice. In light of this heightened interest, there have been a number of calls to reform the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Specifically, there is pressure to change and reduce the role of the
military commander in the justice system. This pressure for change comes
in part due to the changes made in the military codes of the United
Kingdom and Canada. This
paper examines whether the United States should make similar changes.
The paper looks in detail at the reasons for the modifications to the
military codes of the United Kingdom and Canada,
and the specific changes that those countries made. The paper next
compares those changes with the approach taken in this country regarding
the role of the military commander. The paper also examines some of the
possible unintended consequences that come with reducing the role of
the commander in military justice.
Finally, the paper offers specific recommendations for Congress to
consider in making an assessment of the appropriate role for the
commander in the military justice system. (source: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1128126, accessed 25 September 2016)
One consequence of the “civilianization” of the military
justice systems in Canada
the United Kingdom and elsewhere potentially impacts the
commander’s own personal criminal liability. The doctrine of
command responsibility holds that a commander may be
criminally liable for the law of war violations committed by
the forces under his command if a commander fails to
prevent, suppress, or punish law of war violations that he
either knew about or was reckless or negligent in failing to
notice, he can be punished as if he committed the underlying offenses. It is the commander who, by use of all the
resources and authority available to him, ensures that his
forces do not violate the laws of war. If those forces do,
it is in large part attributable to the commander’s
failings. If, as a result of the civilianization of military
justice, commanders lose a significant portion of the
disciplinary authority they have traditionally held, do they
no longer occupy that critical position of responsibility
over the forces under their command? If they have lost that
authority, to whom does the law now turn to for accountability? Does the commander, who has lost some of his
authority, lose the ability to maintain discipline through
the military justice system, and does he find himself in a
situation where he is given responsibility to maintain
discipline and control without having sufficient authority
to meet that obligation? This article raises and addresses
these important questions and it provides a framework for considering military justice reforms that preserve the
commander’s critical role in law of war compliance. (source:
https://www.icrc.org/fre/assets/files/2014/ihl-bibliography-4th-trimester-2013.pdf,
accessed 15 March 2015)
Image source: amazon.com/Guide-Cadets-Lectures-Discipline-Correspondence/dp/0428348076, accessed 19 March 2018 Cover image of the Classic Reprint
HANSFORD, C. C , A guide for cadets : notes for lectures on discipline, correspondence, orders, etc. / by C.C. Hansford, Toronto : G.J. McLeod, Ltd., c1918, 96 p. ; 20 cm. NOTES: Numbered blank pages throughout the book for notes; research note also available on microform: 2 microfiches (55 fr.), SERIES: CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series = CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches ; no. 80875; Filmed from a copy of the original publication held by the National Library of Canada. Ottawa : Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions, 1996, 96 p. ; 20 cm., NUMBERS: Canadiana: 976023997; ISBN: 0665808755; CRMM: OOCIHM 9680875;
.
____________ Brief
notes on discipline : a handbook of courts martial duties,
discipline, etc., for young officers, [Toronto] : George.
J. McLeod, [c1918], 93 p.: forms; title noted in my research
but not consulted yet (5 January 2012); copy at Toronto Public Library, Main Reference Centre, 355.13 H12; and Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, Library, KF 7625 H25 1918;
HANSON, H.A., Captain, legal officer in military district number 7 with Headquarters in St John, New Brunswick, in 1943, see The Quarterly Army List, October 1943, Part I, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1943 at p. 165 (bottom page number) or p. 181 (top page number), available at https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8903/89030567.23.pdf (accessed 21 March 2019);
___________HANWAY, Lawrence is a former Chief pension advocate, see "Board ordered to reconsider claim by victim of skin cancer", The Globe and Mail, 11 April 1985, at p. M16;
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being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 3 March 2019
___________HANWAY, Lawrence M., was the prosecutor in the court martial referred to in the article: "Name Membes of Court Martial On 3 Canadians", The Globe and Mail, 22 August 1951, at p. 7;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 30 November 2018
____________on Steve Hardinge, research note: "Capt. S. J. (Steve) Hardinge, LL.B., formerly Deputy Judge Advocate, B. C Army Headquarters, has left the service for a post with the Legal Department of the B. C. Electric Company", in UBC Alumni Chronicle, Winter 1956, available at (accessed 16 November 2018);
HARDINGE
_ Stephen Hon. Stephen John Hardinge, LLB, QC, CD, NDC, passed away May
23, 2005 surrounded by his family. Lovingly remembered and sadly missed
by his wife of 54 years, Rose Hardinge; four children David, Eileen,
Mary and Carol; seven grandchildren, Bryce, Kerri, Jessica, Michael,
Emily, Alanna and Cameron. Served as Judge of the County Court of
Cariboo and Justice of the Supreme Court of B.C. for 22 years. Stephen
Hardinge graduated in law from UBC and was called to the BC Bar in 1952;
he was also member of the Bar of the Northwest Territories. He served
in the Canadian Army, Judge Advocate General's office for six years and
he later worked as counsel at B.C. Electric Company and B.C. Hydro. He
was a partner in the law firm, Fulton, Cumming, Bird in Prince George,
Victoria and Vancouver. He was subsequently Crown Counsel for the Dept.
of Justice, Vancouver from 1969 and Regional Director for B.C. and Yukon
to 1975. Following retirement, Judge Hardinge travelled widely, enjoyed
cycling and walking. He also volunteered at Vancouver Coventry House
and was a Member of the Officer's Mess, Seaforth Highlanders of Canada. A
private family memorial will be held. In lieu of flowers, donations may
be made in Steve's memory to Covenant House or the Canadian Diabetes
Association. "FOREVER IN OUR HEARTS" Hollyburn Funeral Home 604-922-1221
- See more at:
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/vancouversun/obituary.aspx?n=stephen-john-hardinge&pid=14074473&fhid=5857#sthash.CG5UPsuz.dpuf
Image source: ca.linkedin.com/in/julie-harmgardt-64845215, accessed 4 March 2018 Julie Harmgardt
Image source: https://www.thestar.com/authors.harper_tim.html, accessed 2 October 2016 Tim Harper HARPER, Tim, "Campbell takes heat in Somali killing uproar Minister told to explain, not campaign for Tory votes", Toronto Star, Apr 23, 1993, p.A4;
----------- Image source: www.cbc.ca/player/play/1826241863 (accessed 9 Apr 17) Cartoon by Dewar, The Ottawa Sun, 14 August General Jean Boyle testifying at the Somalia inquiry 1996: General Boyle, the CDS, testifying before the Somalia Commission of Inquiry.
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel of the mouse allows to zoom in
or out of the web page being viewed
___________"Lack of meeting notes described as 'bizarre' ", Toronto Star, Aug 13, 1996, p. A.4;
____________Testimony before the Standing Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs, to which was referred Bill S-10, to amend
the National Defence Act, the DNA Identification Act and the
Criminal Code, met this day, 15 December 1999, to
give consideration to the bill, available at https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/Sen/committee/362/lega/07ev-e (accessed 28 October 2017);
She also contributes to training programs in
international law for judges, diplomats, military officers, and other
government officials, serving as a guest instructor for the Canadian Foreign Service Institute
and the Judge Advocate General’s continuing legal education program.
She began this work in the UK as a contributor to the training program
for members of the British judiciary following the enactment of the
Human Rights Act 1998 and the incorporation of the European Convention
on Human Rights into UK law.
Recognizing
that faculty also need training opportunities to support the continual
development of their teaching, she was one of the organizers of the
first Canadian "Teaching IHL Workshop" in 2012, hosted in partnership
with the Canadian Red Cross, the Canadian Forces Military Law Centre,
and the Washington Delegation of the International Committee of the Red
Cross. Bringing together law professors, military lawyers, and
humanitarian law practitioners, the two-day workshop focussed on how we
teach international humanitarian law in the Canadian law school setting,
whether as a stand-alone course or as part of a course on
constitutional law, international criminal law, international human
rights law, or national security law.
Edwin C. Harris
HARRIS, Edwin C., 1908-1986, notes on:
Biographical history
George
Van Vliet Nicholls, QC was born on October 25th, 1908 in Montreal,
Quebec to Dr. Albert George and Lucia Pomeroy (Van Vliet) Nicholls. The
family moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1915 where Nicholls graduated
from the Halifax County Academy with the highest standing in his class.
He went on to Dalhousie University, and then transferred to McGill
University his junior year, later graduating with honours in English
literature in 1929 and a civil law degree from McGill in 1932. Nicholls
was admitted to the Quebec Bar that same year and practiced law for a
few years in Montreal. The Nicholls family had returned to Montreal in
1927.
Nicholls went on to work in the legal and industrial
relations departments at the Toronto head office of the Canadian
Manufacturers’ Association in 1937. He was commissioned by the Royal
Canadian Air Force in 1941, and was the first sectary and chairman of
the K.R. (Air) Revision Committee. In 1943, he joined the staff of the
Judge Advocate General’s Brach in London and transferred to the Reserve
in December, 1945.
After the service, Nicholls was appointed
Manager of the Research Department at the Canadian Chamber of Commerce
in Montreal. Nicholls was appointed to Queen’s Council in 1953 in
Quebec. He also became the editor of the Canadian Bar Review until 1957
when he joined the Faculty of Law at Dalhousie.
We already know that certain problems need to be fixed.
Our
Forces need the right equipment to do their jobs, and taxpayers need
value for money. The Conservatives have demonstrated time and again that
they aren’t capable of delivering either.
An NDP government would
get military procurement back on track. We would implement an open and
transparent bidding process to replace our aging CF-18 fleet, and we
would ensure that Canada’s shipbuilding strategy serves the needs of our
military.
We have already committed to enhancing our search and
rescue capabilities to meet international standards in response times,
and our capabilities in the North need to be enhanced.
We would be
there to support members of the Canadian Armed Forces and their
families, in particular when they are ill or injured.
Mental
health challenges, particularly PTSD, continue to be a critical
situation, with some of the most severe cases resulting in death.
Despite receiving an abundance of concrete recommendations from experts
in the field, and a comprehensive study undertaken by the House of
Commons Standing Committee on National Defence, the current government
has failed to implement many of the recommendations, leaving ill CAF
members struggling to find care. This would receive top priority under
an NDP government.
We would also review the Universality of
Service rule, which the Canadian Forces Ombudsman has called “arbitrary and unfair,” and seek to ensure that fear of discharge would not prevent
CAF members from coming forward to obtain treatment for mental health
issues.
Finally, there must be a top-to-bottom commitment to
eradicate sexual harassment and assault from our military. We would
ensure full implementation of the recommendations of the Deschamps
report, and consider required changes to our military justice system.
Canadians
deserve a new vision for defence strategy in the 21st century — one
where our military is well-equipped, world class, and supports its
personnel. With an NDP government, they’ll get it.
HARRIS, Kathleen, "960 regular force military members reported sexual assault in the past year, StatsCan survey finds: Gen. Jonathan Vance calls report of incidents after launch of Operation Honour 'regrettably' sobering", CBC-- Politics, 28 November 2017; available at http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/sexual-misconduct-military-survey-1.3868377 (accessed 2 October 2017);
___________"From
drunkenness and quarrels to desertion and insubordination,
military misdeeds are dealt with in-house by a system some see
as much tougher than the civilian process . PART ONE: Military justice", The London Free Press, 26
January 2008; available at http://city3.lfpress.ca/cgi-bin/publish.cgi?p=222846&s=societe
(accessed on 8 May 2012); research note by François Lareau:
a second article was published on 27 January 2008 "A look inside Canada's only military
prison";
___________from SUN Media, "Painfully absorbed the lesson of
Somalia", CNews Features, 27 January 2008; available at http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Features/2008/01/24/4791902-sun.html
(accessed
on 30 March 2012); also LCol Jiff Wry, director of military
justice policy and research in the Office of the Judge Advocate
General is interviewed for the article;
Ten years ago, the Somalia inquiry
into the torture death of a civilian teen and the subsequent
cover-up recommended sweeping changes to rebuild battered public
trust in Canada's military justice system. Ten years later,
experts say the once problem-plagued system is stronger and more
accountable but still in need of some fine-tuning.
"If we have not reached equilibrium,
we're reaching it," said retired Col. Michel Drapeau, a military
law expert who teaches at the University of Ottawa. "I think DND
has painfully absorbed the lesson of Somalia. It has taken a long
while, much longer than I thought, but through time and through
changes and through a new generation of people, change has
occurred."
Drapeau believes the much-maligned
system emerged from the Somalia affair more open and with greater
independence between military police, prosecutors and chain of
command. In fact, he said the pendulum may have even swung a bit
too far to the extreme.
He believes authorities are going
right by the book with disciplinary action in a system that allows
for a wider range of charges and stiffer penalties than for
offenders not in uniform.
___________" 'Grossly unfair': Disabled veterans take pension battle with Liberals to Supreme Court. Case claims federal government breached 'solemn obligation' to care for injured soldier", CBC News Politics, 31 January 2018; available at http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/disabled-veterans-equitas-supreme-court-1.4510457 (accessed 1 February 2018);
___________"Public Safety Minister Ralph Goodale revamps rules around using information gleaned through torture: Intelligence obtained through mistreatment may still be used if needed to prevent death and significant injury", CBC News -- Politics, 25 September 2017; available at http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/torture-goodale-directive-information-1.4305897(accessed 26 September 2017);
Public Safety Minister Ralph Goodale said the goal of new directives
released today is to protect the security of Canadians while
ensuring the government is not complicit in torture by foreign states. .... Revised rules also come with new reporting requirements, including an
annual report and an independent review by the National Security and
Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians and other bodies.
Image source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Harris_(journalist), accessed 20 Dec 2017 Michael Harris HARRIS, Michael, "Secret inquiry prior to minister [Coates] quitting PM ordered patronage probe on Coates", The Globe and Mail, Nov 6, 1985, p. A.1;
HARRISON, D.H., 1929-, Major, legal officer and member of the OJAG; appeared for the respondent, Her Majesty the Queen in the case of Platt v. R. (1957) 1 Court Martial Appeal Reports 213-235 (before Cameron P., Norris and Bernier J.J.) available at lareau-legal.ca./Platt18y.pdf (put on line on 11 May 2018); in 1969, still a legal officer, see Canadian Forces Officers' List (Regular), 1969, available at https://navalandmilitarymuseum.org/sites/default/files/pdf/Navy_List_1969_March_400_dpi.pdf (accessed 16 August 2018);
___________on HARRISON, D., LCol, was either defence counsel or prosecutor (to verify) at the Standing Court Martial R.v. Beardsey 1972 CM, Lahr, Federal Republic of Germany, 29 March 1972, source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1972-6;
Image source: http://www2.unb.ca/~harrison/, accessed 7 February 2018 Deborah Harrison HARRISON, Deborah, "The role of military culture in military organizations' responses to woman abuse in military families", (August 2006) 54(3) The Sociological Review.546-574; see her bibliography of hers writings at http://www2.unb.ca/~harrison/ (accessed 7 February 2018);
Image
source: http://afs.sagepub.com, accessed 9 February 2015
HARRISON, Deborah, and Lucie Laliberté, "The Competing Claims of
Operational Effectiveness and Human Rights in the Canadian
Context", (Winter 2008) 34 Armed
Forces & Society 208-209;
Abstract
This article explores the tension between military objectives and
the “democracy value” cherished by Western civilian societies,
using the situations of injured military members and the living
conditions of civilian spouses; in particular, the responses of
the Canadian Forces to members' posttraumatic stress disorder, and
to spouses who are victims of domestic violence. The authors show
how these responses currently privilege military objectives over
the democracy value to an extent that is incompatible with the
human rights of civilians or military members. They conclude by
discussing how military leadership training could be modified to
produce an altered balance between the two value systems. (source:
http://afs.sagepub.com/content/34/2/208.abstract,
accessed on 1 January 2012)
Vic was a member of the RCAF for 30 years, a commissionaire at CFB
Trenton for 3 years and continued for 14 years as a Paralegal for the
Assistant Judge Advocate General in Trenton and Toronto for a total of
47 years. A Celebration of Life will be arranged in the late spring.
HARTZELL, Kevin D., "Voluntary Warriors: Reserve Force
Mobilization in the United States and Canada", (1996) 29(2) Cornell
International Law Journal 537-570;
The article focuses on the reserve force
mobilization systems in the U.S. and Canada. The Canadian
Armed Forces (CF) have a voluntary mobilization system,
such that individual consent of Canadian reservists is
needed before they are deployed internationally. The U.S.
reserve mobilization framework is more conducive to
voluntary mobilization due to the greater size of the U.S.
reserves. The seven individual components in the reserve
force structure of the U.S. are Armed Forces, Army
Reserve, Army National Guard, Navy Reserve, Marine Corps
Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve, Air Force Reserve, and Air
National Guard. The reserve forces of the Canadian Armed
Forces (CF) has four cornponents: the Primaty Reserve, the
Supplementary Reserve, the Cadet Instructors List, and the Canadian Rangers. (source: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/27665104/voluntary-warriors-reserve-force-mobilization-united-states-canada,
accessed 13 January 2015)
HARVEY, R.O.D. (R.C.D.?), Major, JAG at military district number 2 in Toronto during WW II; acted also as Judge-Advocate for courts martial, see "Five Buckingham Girls Testify To Drinking And Dancing With German
Prisoners of War in Thurso Hotel", Sherbrooke Daily Record,
Tuesday, 28 mars 1944 at pp. 1 and 2; available at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/retrieve/7619561
(accessed 6 April 2018);
___________on HARVEY, R.C.D., Major, was Assistant Judge Advocate General in military district number 2 with Headquarters in Toronto 1943, see The Quarterly Army List, October 1943, Part I, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1943 at p. 162 (bottom page number) or p. 178A (top page number), available at https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8903/89030567.23.pdf
(accessed 21 March 2019); the other legal officers there were Captain
Stivers, R.M.R. from Q.Y. Rang. and Maj. DEan, D.G, from General List, this information from the same pages;
HASLIP, Susan, A Critical Consideration of Contemporary
Provisions for the Use of Military Force Against Aboriginal
Peoples in Canada, mémoire de maîtrise en droit, c. 2002,
University of Ottawa; mentioned in (2002) 62 La Revue du
Barreau 465; title noted on 26 October 2003 but thesis not
consulted yet;
___________A Critical Consideration of the Use of the Aid to
Civil Power Provision Against Aboriginal Peoples in Light of
Promises of Protection Made to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada,in 5th Annual Graduate Student
Symposium Proceedings 2002, Conference of Defence Associations
Institute, Ottawa, 2002; available at http://www.cda-cdai.ca/symposia/2002/haslip.htm
(accessed on 9 February 2006) and see also http://www.cda-cdai.ca/symposia.htm
(accessed on 9 February 2006);
Detention involves being sent to Canada’s military prison in Edmonton,
where inmates undergo, by regulation, a “routine and training [that]
require[s] the maximum effort and the strictest discipline.” Every
aspect of the 15-hour days is scheduled, with an emphasis on military
drill and scrubbing rooms and equipment, while in uniform. For the first
two weeks, inmates are not allowed to smoke or speak without
permission. After this first stage, they are allowed to speak to others
for a maximum of 30 minutes per day, use the library, and have visitors.
Inmates are penalized for such misbehaviours as idleness, inattention,
attempting to communicate, swearing, singing, and whistling. The most
severe punishment available is days in solitary confinement in a barren
cell, unable to lie down, in socks and underwear, fed only bread and
water. Consider yourselves warned, I guess.
__________on HASWELL, David, Colonel, see LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA, Files on General Court Martial of Lt-Col G. Haswell [textual record]. 1985-1997, predominant 1996-1997. Accession. RG24. BAN: 2008-00243-8. Textual material. [Access: Restricted by law]. Government.
Holland was a member of the Assistant Judge Advocate General's Central Region office at the time of this case. Copyright belongs to the Crown;
HAWKINS, P.A., Captain was defence counsel in the Disciplinary Court Martial R. v. Laary 1983 CM 76, source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1983-19;
HAWN, Laurie, "Laurie Hawn on Strengthening Military Justice in
the Defence of Canada Act", in the House of Commons, 26
November 2010; available at http://openparliament.ca/hansards/2324/1/only/
(accessed on 16 January 2012);
Image source: https://www.rmcc-cmrc.ca/en/history/ronald-g-haycock-ba-ma-phd-emeritus-professor, accessed 5 October 2016 Prof. Ronald G. Haycock HAYCOCK, Ronald G., " ‘GETTING HERE FROM THERE’: TRAUMA AND TRANSFORMATION IN CANADIAN MILITARY EDUCATION",
(2004) 32(2) Scientia Militaria : South African Journal of Military Studies 43-64; available at http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/125/156 (accessed 5 October 2016); Note: Professor Haycock, Military History and War Studies, Royal Military College of Canada;
Abstract
In early 1997, the Canadian Minister of National Defence publicly
issued an excoriating report that roundly condemned the poor state of
leadership, ethics discipline, professional knowledge and education in
the Canadian Armed Forces particularly among officers. His public
exposure stemmed from a series of traumatic events that occurred in the
four previous years. The most damning one had been the appalling
revelation that some soldiers of the Canadian Airborne Regiment, then on
a peacekeeping mission in Somalia, had beaten to death a young Somali
teenager. The trail led right back to senior officers in Canada and
there was evidence of a cover-up. The embarrassed government was forced
into appointing a top level Somalia Commission of Inquiry1. Then, in the
next several months, followed revelations recorded on camera of
grotesque initiation rites and racism in airborne units and others. The
usually complacent and unmilitary Canadian public was shocked and
indignant.2 The government promptly disbanded the Canadian Airborne
Regiment. How, many asked, did the Canadian Forces get here from its
excellent performance in past decades? It had fought well in both World
Wars, in Korea and had served with great distinction in the many United
Nations missions since that time. Canadians, after all prided themselves
believing that their forces were the humanitarian ‘honest northern brokers’ and perhaps the world’s best peacekeepers. [source: http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/125, accessed 5 October 2016]
HAYDON, Peter T. (Peter
Trevor), "The Somalia Inquiry: Can It Solve Anything?"
(Spring 1997) 26(3) Canadian
Defence Quarterly 20-23; also published in Toronto:
Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies = Institut canadien
d'études stratégiques, 1997, 4 p. (series; Strategic
Datalink; 62), copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT General, U
162 .S75 v.62 1997;
HEAD, Michael, 1952-, and Scott Mann, 1952-, Domestic
Deployment
of the Armed Forces, Military Powers, Law and Human Rights,
Farnham, Surrey, England; Burlington, VT : Ashgate
Pub., c2009, x, 203 p., and see Chapter 4, "Canada: Making
'Domestic Security' a Core Mission", at pp. 63 to 80
(series; International and Comparative Criminal Justice),
ISBN: 9780754673460 (hbk.: alk. paper), 0754673464 (hbk. :
alk. paper) and 9780754691259 (ebk.); preview at http://books.google.ca/books?id=OcaQ341m4PEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
(accessed on 1 December 2011); copy at Ottawa University, Brian Dickson Law Library FTX GeneralK 4720 .H43 2009;
HEADRICK, Jayson (Jay) S., LCdr, legal officer with the OJAG, works at AJAG Edmonton (information as of April 2017; with the reserve force; works with Suncor Energy;
Associate Chief Justice Rooke accepted the application for the next 12
students, which was made by Lieutenant Commander Jay Headrick, Office of
the Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate Calgary and then-vice
president of the Calgary Bar Association.
HÉBERT, Jean-C. (Jean-Claude), "Torture des
prisonniers afghans. Qui peut controler le gouvernement
Harper?" (mai 2010) 42(5) Le
Journal -- Barreau du Québec 10; disponible à http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/journal/vol42/201005.pdf
(vérifié le 5 mars 2012);
Complicité
de
torture
Rappelons pour mémoire que la convention de Genève relative au
traitement des prisonniers de guerre énonce que « aucune torture
physique ou morale ni aucune contrainte ne pourra être exercée sur
les prisonniers de guerre pour obtenir d'eux des renseignements de
quelque sorte que ce soit ». Un membre des forces
canadiennes se rend coupable d’un acte criminel3 pour un acte de
torture commis par un tiers afin d’obtenir des renseignements d’un
prisonnier. Les militaires canadiens qui, en connaissance de
cause, transfèrent des détenus aux forces afghanes engagent leur
responsabilité pénale.
Dans l’armée canadienne, un directeur des poursuites militaires
est responsable du processus d’inculpation devant la Cour martiale. Il agit sur présentation des dossiers d’enquête colligés
par la police militaire. Celle-ci se gouverne en fonction du code
de discipline militaire. Faute d’une directive
gouvernementale prohibant expressément aux soldats canadiens en
Afghanistan de confier des prisonniers aux militaires afghans, il
serait étonnant que Peter McKay, ministre de la Défense, prenne l’initiative d’incriminer son personnel pour des actes de
complicité de torture. Son collègue Rob Nicholson, procureur
général, attend le rapport de Frank Iacobucci pour décider ce
qu’il sait ou aurait dû savoir. D’ici là, motus, bouche
cousue !
Face au déni gouvernemental bien charpenté, la possibilité
d’imputer une responsabilité pénale aux grandes pointures de la chaîne de commandement, incluant le ministre de la Défense, relève
de l’utopie. (notes omises).
___________"Transfert des prisonniers afghans: le trou noir des
talibans", Le Journal Barreau du Québec, mars 2008, volume
40, numéro 3, à la p. 10; disponible à http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/journal/vol40/200803.pdf
(vérifié le 8 aout 2015);
------------ Paul C. Hébert, source de l'image: Barbara Sibbald, image source: ccctg.ca/Members/BIO/Dr-Paul-C https://www.linkedin.com -Hebert.aspx, site condulté le 8 février 2018
HÉBERT, Paul C. and Barbara Sibbald, "Protecting privacy of health information for those who serve and protect us", (23 November 2010) 182(17) Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) 55; available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988547/ (accessed 8 February 2018);
HEBLY, Peter, Air Commodore, Directorate Legal Affairs, Netherlands Ministry of Defence, LCol JM Cambron and LCol Tammy Tremblay, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Canadian Armed Forces, XXth Congress of the ISMLLW-Prague, Report to the ISMLLW–Findings from the ISMLLW Questionnaire on the Challenges in the Implementation of IHL, available at http://www.ismllw.org/congres/2015_04_14_Prague_textes%20des%20orateurs/2015-04-15%20EN.pdf (accessed 10 November 2016); see also the QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE PRAGUE CONGRESS, available at (accessed 10 November 2016); see also Report on the Questionnaire at http://www.ismllw.org/congres/2015_04_21_Prague_rep%20quest.pdf (accessed 10 November 2016); FRANÇAIS : HEBLY, Peter, Commodore de l’air, Direction des affaires juridiques, Ministère de la défense des Pays Bas, LCol Tammy Tremblay, Cabinet du Juge-avocat général Forces armées canadiennes, 20ième Congrès de la SIDMDG Prague, Rapport de la SIDMDG – Constats tirés des réponses au Questionnaire sur les défis de la mise-en-oeuvre du DIH, disponible à http://www.ismllw.org/congres/2015_04_14_Prague_textes%20des%20orateurs/2015-04-15%20FR.pdf (visité 10 novembre 2016);note: the name of LCol J' Cambron does not appear as one of the authors in the French version;
HEIDE, Rachel Lea, Obligation of the Home Front: The
Necessity of Cultural Awareness Training for Interventions in
the New World Order, Presented at "After the Fall: Theory
and Practice of Post-Intervention Security", Centre for Security
and Defence Studies Conference, 10 March 2006 (Ottawa, Ontario),
36 p.; available at http://www3.carleton.ca/csds/docs/Heide%20final%20paper.pdf
(accessed on 3 November 2014);
Image source: sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/English/research/nrf/heinecken, accessed 4 July 2016 Prof. Lindy Heinecken
HEINECKEN, Lindy, "Military unionism and the management of employee relations within the armed forces: a comparative perspective", (December 2010) 26(4) International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 401-419;
Abstract
Many find the prospect of
military unions totally inimical to the nature and functioning of the
armed forces. Yet, a number of countries allow some form of military
unionism, while others vehemently resist any form of independent union
based on the premise that this undermines discipline, cohesion, and
loyalty. This article examines how four different countries – the United
Kingdom, Canada, South Africa, and Germany – have dealt with the issue
of military unionism. The British Armed Forces, like many other
English-speaking countries, have tended to approach employee relations
from a typically unitarist position, which translates into union
suppression or avoidance. The Canadian Armed Forces opted to circumvent
the need for a military union by adopting a more human relations or
neo-unitarist approach to employee relations. In South Africa, the
military has been obliged by legal decree to accept a more pluralist
dispensation, which has led to an overtly confrontational employment relationship. In Germany, where a union-like professional association
exists, the approach has been more cooperative, even corporatist,
typifying the European experience and philosophy towards unions, even in
the military. In analysing the management of employee relations from
these different typologies, the implications of union avoidance and
acceptance within the armed forces are evaluated. [source: https://www.kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=IJCL2010025, accessed 4 July 2016]
Richard Hewson, a former JAG officer was named a Provincial Court judge. ("Image Credit: Richard Hewson Law Office/ YouTube")
VERNON - Two lawyers from the Okanagan have been appointed Provincial Court judges.
Minister of Justice Suzanne Anton announced the appointments of
criminal law lawyer Richard Hewson and family law lawyer Lisa Wyatt on
Thursday. Hewson’s appointment is effective Dec. 23, 2013, and Wyatt’s
Dec. 30.
....
Hewson earned his bachelor of laws from the University of Victoria in
1994 and was called to the B.C. bar in 1995. He began his law career as
an articled student at Boulton Muldoon in Vancouver. He became an
associate there in 1995, and in 1997 moved on to be an associate with
Davidson & Co until 2000, when he became a lawyer with Richard
Hewson Law Corporation. Between 2001 and 2003,he was also a legal officer with the Office of the Judge Advocate General.
Hewson’s law practice focuses on defending people charged with crimes
like trafficking or production of marijuana, white collar crime, sexual
or domestic assault, and dangerous or impaired driving. [emphasis in size and bold added]
HELWER, Chantel (Chantel Anne-Marie), lawyer and a member of the Law Society of Ontario; works at DND/Canadian Forces Office of The Legal Advisor, Ottawa; also an officer in the reserves;
Source: ca.linkedin.com/in/marc-andr%C3%A9-h%C3%A9mond-ma-pmp-277538b6, accessed 29 August 2018;
Marc-André Hémond
HÉMOND, Marc-André, "Canadian Military Law and Courts Martial during the Great War", paper, The Second Military and Oral History Conference: Between Memory and History, Victoria, BC, Canada, 5-7 May 2010, Victoria Inner Harbor Marriott Hotel, Paper Abstract, available at http://web.uvic.ca/~veterans/Marc-Andre%20Hemond%20U%20of%20Manitoba.htm (accessed 11 May 2016); contact person Dr. David Zimmerman, Department of History, University of Victoria;
This paper addresses the significance of military legal
history as oral history, as well as the problems presented in studying
this field due to the quality of the material available. The
courts-martial documents of Canadian trials during the Great War were
micro-filmed from 1950-1954, consisting of 46 reels held at Library and
Archives Canada. The files contain various documents regarding a trial,
specifically the summaries of evidence and trial transcripts. Both offer
oral accounts of the crime being investigated and were transcribed at the
time of the testimony. The preservation of these documents allows for a
novel area of study which has yet to be done within Canadian
historiography: the oral history of crimes and trials of Canadian soldiers
during the Great War.
However, there are difficulties which arise from attempting such a study
caused by the process of micro-filming: the quality of micro-filming is
particularly poor. Furthermore, the micro-films themselves lack
organization. Library and Archives Canada provides an index which a
researcher can consult to find the reel on which a particular case can be
found. However, the index lists the files by file number, which is lacking
on nearly all of the files contained in the reels. What then can a
scholarly researcher reconstruct about Canadian military case law during
the Great War?
[Summary] Research into the history of Canadian military law during the Great War has received scant attention by historians. British studies into the subject have,until recently, been political in nature, with a focus on discrediting the legality and conclusions of courts martial during the war. However, the research done on the subject has been plagued by methodological problems, resulting in political conclusions which are not supported by historical evidence. In an effort to redefine the subject of military law during the Great War, this study critically engages the previous work done on the subject, establishes the legal status of the Canadian forces during the war, re-constructs the theory of military law and the procedures and legislation of courts martial during the war, and provides concrete examples of specific court martial cases. The significance of the conclusions derived from this study demonstrates that there is reason to doubt the predominant assumption that courts martial during the war were arbitrary, and questions the arguments infavour of pardons for those executed during the war. Finally, this study illustrates the need for analyses of court martial trials specifically, rather than crimes, in an effort to provide a more accurate historical understanding of Canadian military law during the Great War. (Source: http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/aaweb-bin/aamain/itemdisp?sessionKey=1307288528036_142_78_200_11&l=0&lvl=1&v=0&itm=37384111&rt=1&bill=1, accessed 5 June 2011)
HENAULT, R.R. (Ray), "Modern Canadian Generalship in Conflict Resolution", (July-October 2000) vol. 3 JAG Newsletter 51-58; see in particular the sections "Ethical Issues" and "Legal Issues", at pp. 55-56;
LEGAL ISSUES
Because of the circumstances that led up to the Kosovo Air Campaign, combined with the need to minimize collateral damage, lawyers, military and otherwise, had a prominent role to play during the Kosovo crisis. One of the major accomplishments for the CF during this campaign was the creation of a national targeting policy that established a process by which targets assigned to CF pilots were reviewed and validated. This process was essential to ensure that the CF demonstrated due diligence in the acceptance of NATO assigned targets. Among other things, this process included both a legal and moral evaluation of each and every target, where a military lawyer would assess the target in terms of the Geneva Conventions governing the Laws of War. It would be confirmed that the target was a justifiable military objective and that its value outweighed the potential costs of collateral damage. This litmus test was done by NATO before the targets were assigned, and, for targets assigned to Canada, it was also repeated by a Canadian legal officer, and the chain of command, where necessary, to ensure that it met Canadian legal and moral standards. If it did not meet the Canadian standard, then the Task Force Commander was given the authority to refuse the target, with the full support of the chain of command.
Another important legal and moral aspect of operations is the Rules of Engagement (ROE) that are assigned to the participating forces. The ROE process has come a long way in the past ten years, to the point where ROE development and authorization is a mature and well-structured process. This was particularly important during the Kosovo crisis, where the overwhelming sensitivity to collateral damage required very clear and strict ROE. Fortunately, combined with the extensive targeting review, the ROE assigned proved very successful for the CF. This was really a tribute to the discipline and training of the Canadian aircrew who flew the missions over Kosovo and fully respected and applied the assigned ROE. If at any time during an actual bombing attack the pilot was either uncertain about the target itself, or if he was concerned about the potential of collateral damage, he was under very clear instructions to abort his mission and to bring the bombs back. This, in fact, happened on many missions.
With the on-going changes in the "Laws of Armed Conflict", and the varying situations under which the CF is being asked to deploy and operate, the military lawyer is becoming one of the commander's most important advisors. Therefore, the requirement to carefully review, and build into an operational plan, the legal considerations and consequences pertaining to a specific mission cannot be overstated.
Image source: http://www.amazon.ca/Generalship-art-admiral-Perspectives-leadership/dp/1551250608, accessed 8 November 2015 ___________"Modern Canadian Generalship in Conflict Resolution:Kosovo as a Case Study", in Bernd Horn and Stephen J. Harris, eds., in Generalship and the art of the admiral: Perspectives on Canadian senior military leadership, St. Catharines, Ont. : Vanwell Publishing, c2001, 560 p., ill.; 24 cm.
NOTES: Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 155125056X and 1551250608 (pbk.);
HENCH, Florence Lang Campbell, member of the OJAG, second world war, see "Deaths--HENCH, Florence Lang Campbell", The Globe and Mail, 17 March 1998, at p. A13;
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Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 3 March 2019
HENDERSON, J.L., 1929-, legal officer with the rank of Commander in 1969; acted as defence counsel in the court martial referred to in the article: "Severe Rerimand issued--Captain Guilty of negligence in grounding", The Globe and Mail, 17 October 1968, at p. 8:
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Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 24 November 2018
HENDERSON, Robert J. ("Rob"), Captain, legal officer with the OJAG; was Regional Military Prosecutions Western and Counsel
for Her Majesty the Queen in the case of Liwyj A.E. (Corporal), R. v., 2008 CM 2001 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/27zp1> (accessed 10 May 2018); graduated from University of Calgary; MLTP lawyer;
HENDERSON, Scott, died on 24 January 2002; retired as commander with the OJAG in 1973;
Source: "Alumni/Anciens membres - HENDERSON, SCOTT" in , (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 87;
___________on HENDERSON, Commander Scott, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at pp. 91, 211 and 213, available at i-xii and
1-102 and 103-242;
HENDERSON, W.D., "Military Law and Combat Effective Military
Units" in Canada, Department of National Defence, Summary
Trial Working Group Report, vol. 2, internal document, March
1993, mentioned in Paul Cormier, "La Justice militaire canadienne:
le procès sommaire est-il conforme à l'article 11(d) de la Charte
canadienne des droits et libertés?", (2000) 45 McGill Law
Journal 209-262 at p. 256, note 201;
HENDIN, Stuart, "Amnesty International Canada et al v Chief of
the Defence Staff for the Canadian Forces et al. : A Failed
Strategy that Lead to a Flawed Judgment", (2008) 20 (No.
2) Sri Lanka Journal of
International Law 209-274;
___________"Detainees in Afghanistan: The Balance Between Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law for Foreign Military Forces", (2007) 14(3) Tilburg Law Review 249-271;
___________ "Do as we say, Not as we do: A Critical Examination of
the Agreement for the Transfer of Detainees between the Canadian
Forces and the Ministry of Defence of Afghanistan", (2007) 7 New Zealand Armed Forces Law Review
18;
The article discusses the Agreement for the Transfer of Detainees
Between the Canadian Forces and the Ministry of Defence of Afghanistan,
signed in December 2005. Particular focus is given on provisions, which
include the implementation of the four Geneva Convention and Additional
Protocols that pertain to the humanitarian treatment of prisoners of war
(POW) in Afghanistan. It is meant to guarantee that POW are provided
adequate detention areas and safety from torture during capture,
detention and transfer by Canadian Forces to Afghanistan authorities. (source: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/27552828/do-as-we- say-not-as-we-do-critical-examination-agreement-transfer-detainees-between-canadian-forces-ministry-defence-afghanistan, accessed 4 April 2017)
___________"Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights : The
Differing Decisions of Canadians and UK Courts", (January 2010) 28
Windsor Review of
Legal and Social Issues 57-86;
The courts of two common law jurisdictions, Canada and the
United Kingdom, reached opposite results on the issue of
extraterritorial application of domestic human rights
instruments. The Canadian Court misapprehended the issue of
jurisdiction and control as enunciated by the ECHR, and
failed to consider in detail that portion of cases from both
the English Court of Appeal and House of Lords that applied directly to the extraterritorial application of the Canadian
Charter of Rights and Freedoms as it pertains to detainee
opreations conducted by the Canadian Forces in Afghanistan. (source: http://web.archive.org/web/20110708132118/http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/ihl-bibliography-1st-trimester-2010.pdf,
accessed on 15 March 2013);
____________biographical notes (not necessarilty written by):
Specializing
in International Humanitarian Law, International Human
Rights, International Criminal Law, Security Sector Reform and Justice Sector Reform, Stuart has practiced and
instructed internationally on the Law of Armed Conflict
(LOAC/IHL), the application of human rights & criminal
law to military operations and the establishment of post
conflict legal standards in failing and failed states.
After a long career of litigation that included representing
his clients at the Supreme Court of Canada and acting as
outside counsel to the Speaker of the Senate, Stuart now
teaches for the Canadian Forces on the subjects of morality,
ethics and professional leadership. Stuart also lectures at
Algonquin College in Ottawa, the NATO School at
Oberammergau, the Austrian Defense Academy and is a
designated SME for the Centre for the Centre of Civil Military Relations (CCMR) in Monterey California.
Appointed Queen’s Counsel by the Government of Canada,
Stuart is a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada
(Ontario), the Canadian Bar Association, the International
Institute for International Humanitarian Law, the
International Society for Military Law and the Law of War,
the American Society of International Law and the Canadian
Forces Intelligence Branch Association. He holds a
Bachelor’s degree from the University of Ottawa, a Master’s
degree from Carleton University, a Bachelor of Law/JD degree
from Queen’s University, a Master of Law from the National
University of Ireland and is in the process of defending his
doctoral dissertation in ‘Command Responsibility’
at the University of Ottawa. (source: http://www.stratredteam.com/team.html,
accessed 19 April 2015);
____________"Murphy’s Law:The Canadian Treatment of Detainees in
Afghanistan:Are Human Rights Law and
International Humanitarian Law Obligations Circumvented?"(2007) 26(1) University of Queensland Law Journal 157-178; available at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLawJl/2007/9.pdf (accessed 18 October 2017);
___________ "Unpunished War Criminals, The Shameful Legacy of
Canada's Military Involvement in Afghanistan", (2013) 34(3) Liverpool Law Review
291-310;
Colonel David Henley took leave from his civilian law practice in
Halifax to deploy to Kabul, Afghanistan 2009. He served with the
Combined Security Transition Command as the Senior Mentor for Afghan
National Army Development.
Image source: https://www.google.com (google image source) David Henry HENRY, David, 1916-2011, obituary:
Obituary of David Henry
It is with great sadness, the family of David Henry
announce his passing, at home, on a beautiful Canada Day weekend day,
from cardiac arrest. Born in London, England, he came to Canada in 1921.
He graduated from Lisgar Collegiate in Ottawa. He received his B.A. in Economics and History from Queen's University in 1939, attended Osgoode
Law School in Toronto, and was called to the Bar in 1941. That same
year, he served in the 2nd Btn. with The Royal Regiment of Canada and
was overseas from 1943 - 44 with the 1st Btn in England and Normandy. He
was wounded at Falaise and was transferred to the Judge Advocate
General Branch, Ottawa, with the rank of Captain, November, 1944.
In March, 1945 he married Elizabeth Elaine Pequegnat from Stratford
Ontario and was appointed Jr. Advisory Counsel in the Department of
Justice. For a period of fifteen years he continued in a number of roles
for the department until he became Director of Investigation and Research under the Combines Investigation Act in 1960. .... [Source: humphreymiles.com/tribute/details/3387/David-Henry/obituary.html, accessed 12 August 2017]
In his article Bringing Military Culture into the 21st Century (Volume
23 Issue 12), Sean Bruyea overlooks several key factors while analyzing the state of the military in Canada. The same could be said for articles
by Messrs. Curtis, Webb and Drapeau/Juneau in Volume 23 Issue 11
(December 2016). ...... Drapeau/Juneau reinforce the demilitarization curse when they advocate
that military justice should be one with civilian justice. As well as
ignoring the special nature of military service, they do not admit that
in Canada the system of justice itself is dysfunctional as a result of a
flawed Charter of Rights, and associated weaknesses resulting in an
unending appeal process in which “justice delayed is justice denied.”
Moreover, allowing lawyers and unlimited appeals into the military
summary trial process at unit level would paralyze regular training and
even threaten operations (see examples from Afghanistan).
___________sur le Major-Général Ivor Herbert, voir "La loi martiale. Les avocats peuvent-ils défendre les soldats accusés?", Le Courrier du Canada (Québec), samedi 6 mai 1893 à la p. 2; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2541234 (consulté le 25 août 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Colonel
Herfst with Francis Yergeau; image source: (2006) 1 JAG Les
actualités--Newsletter at p. 5
HERFST, G. (Gijsbertus) (Bert), 1951-, "JAG Visits the Balkans", JAG Newsletter--Bulletin d'actualités, volume2, April-June 2000 at pp. 31-36;
Colonel Herfst immigrated to Canada in 1957, settling in Alberta where he graduated from high school in May 1969.
Colonel Herfst joined the CF in Jan 71. Upon graduation from the
University of Calgary in May 1974 he was commissioned a Lieutenant in
the Logistics Branch and posted to positions in Ottawa, Calgary and HQ
UNEF. He left the Canadian Forces in August 1979 to enter the law
school at the University of Calgary.
Upon graduation from the University of Calgary Law School, Colonel
Herfst was articled to a law firm in Calgary, Alberta in June 1982.
After completion of the Bar Admission Program and admission as a member
of the Alberta Law Society in June 1983 he continued in private practise
in Calgary until March 1984.
Colonel Herfst joined the Office of the Judge Advocate General in April
1984, and has been employed as a legal officer in various directorates.
In August 1985, he was posted as Deputy Judge Advocate and CFE Claims
Officer with the Office of the Senior Legal Adviser Europe, at CFB Lahr.
He was promoted to the rank of Major on 1 January 1986.
From 31 July 1988 to 15 August 1991 he was employed at Canadian Forces
Base Gagetown as Deputy Judge Advocate (Atlantic Region) serving all
units in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.
During the academic year September 1991 to September 1992 Colonel Herfst
studied criminal law at the post-graduate level at the Law School of
Dalhousie University in Halifax.
In October 1992 he took up the position as DLaw/MJ 2 in Ottawa where his
main functions involved administering appeals to the Court Martial
Appeal Court and acting as appellate counsel before that Court. In July
1995 he took up the position of DLaw/Ops2. He was promoted to the rank
of Lieutenant-Colonel on 23 June 1997 and assumed the appointment of
Director of Law/Operations.
Colonel Herfst served as Division Legal Adviser, Headquarters, SFOR
Multinational Division South West, Bosnia Herzegovina, from September
2000 to April 2001. Upon return to Canada he was employed as DLaw/I
until his appointment as Commanding Officer of the Canadian Forces
National Counter Intelligence Unit on 19 October 2001, the first time in
the modern history of the Canadian Forces that a Legal Officer was
appointed to command an operational line unit.
Colonel Herfst was promoted to his present rank on 14 May 2004 and
assumed the duties of Deputy Judge Advocate General/ Regional Services on
1 June 2004. In August 2005, he was appointed Deputy Judge Advocate
General Operations.
__________"Presentation to Advanced Military Studies Course 1,
Canadian Forces College, 8 October 1998"; Notes: "This
presentation provides a legal view of the issues surrounding the
development of rules of engagement"; title noted at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/260/261/grant1.pdf
(accessed on 19 June 2012);
___________Survey of Canadian Military Law, 1981, 18,
[4] leaves (series; Adanced criminal law papers); copy at the
University of Calgary; OCLC Number:
150426636;
text not consulted;
___________Testimony before the House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence, 11 December 2006, meeting number 28, on the study of Canadian Forces in Afghanistan; see minutes and evidence;
[Example] - Canadian Army Courts Martial documents, available at http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_mikan_140678 (accessed 25 January 2018); This collection consists of Courts Martial records for the Canadian Army
from 1939 to 1945. These files include correspondence, investigation
reports and proceedings. Included in these records are courts for the
Canadian Active Service Force, the Canadian Army in Canada and German
Prisoners of War tried by Canadian Courts Martial. Microfilm reels
T-15866 to T-15870 contain index cards for each court found on the 321
other reels. Not all records are consistent in terms of the contents of
each file. [source: http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_mikan_140678, accessed 25 January 2018]
-Ministry of the Overseas Military Forces of Canada : Courts martial records, 1914-1919, available at http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_mikan_136599 (accessed 27 January 2018); Description
The Ministry of Overseas
Military Forces was established in November 1916 to control the
organization, supply, and maintenance of all Canadian forces overseas,
including the Canadian Corps and the overall Canadian Expeditionary
Forces, and administer Canadian forces in the United Kingdom, especially
in the training of reinforcements. The Ministry also acted as the
communications channel between the Militia Department, the British War
Office, and the Canadian Corps in France. Before its establishment, few
officials in London understood how Canadian forces were being led and administered. To end the confusion, Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden
(1854 - 1937) planned to establish a military council in England. Sir
Sam Hughes (1853 -1921), minister of militia, established an Acting
Sub-Militia Council. Borden then appointed George Perley (1857-1938),
who was the acting high commissioner in Britain, minister of overseas
military forces on October 31, 1916. Hughes became angry, requested to
resign and then did so. Sir Albert E. Kemp (1858 -1929) succeeded Perley
in October 1917, and the office was abolished in July 1920. The
Ministry's creation was an important step in imposing Canadian authority
over its overseas forces, and an example of Canada's growing exertion
of an independent voice in its own imperial affairs.
This collection consists of
courts martial records compiled during or after the First World War. [source: ]
Image source: smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/book-review-civil-military-relations-and-shared-responsibility, accessed 30 July 2017
HERSPRING, Dale R. (Dale Roy), Civil-military Relations and shared responsibility : a four nation study / Dale R. Herspring, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013, ISBN: 9781421409290 (electronic), ISBN: 1421409291 (electronic), ISBN: 9781421409283 (hbk : acid-free paper), ISBN: 1421409283 (hbk. : acid-free paper)
.
NOTES: Includes bibliographical references and index.
A conceptual framework for shared responsibility in
civil military relations -- United States -- From Kennedy to Reagan --
From George Bush to Obama -- Germany -- From the creation to Willi
Brandt -- From Helmut Schmidt to Merkel -- Canada -- From Hellyer to
Trudeau -- From Mulroney to Harper -- Russia -- From the creation of
the Russian military to Putin -- From Putin to Medvedev -- Creating
shared responsibility in civil military relations. [source: AMICUS catalogue]
Image source: www.rs.nato.int/about-isaf/leadership/brigadier-general-simon-c.-hetherington-msc-cd.html, accessed 16 June 2016 Brigadier General Simon C. Hetherington
BERNARD, HEWITT,
lawyer, militia officer, editor, and civil servant; b. 1825 in Spanish
Town, Jamaica, eldest son of Thomas James Bernard and Theodora Foulkes;
d. unmarried 24 Feb. 1893 in Montreal.
Hewitt Bernard’s father,
a sugar plantation owner in Jamaica, fell on difficult times after the
slave revolt of 1832. Like many planters he had numerous functions,
among which were justice of the peace and, for a time, attorney general.
Young Hewitt was sent to school at Bath, England, and on returning to
Jamaica in the 1840s he set up a law practice. After his father’s death
from cholera in 1850, he became the head of the family. Concluding that
he no longer had a future in Jamaica, in 1851 he left for Canada, to
establish himself in practice. A letter of introduction brought him to
James Patton, a lawyer in Barrie, Upper Canada. Bernard’s ability,
manners, and steadiness made him a welcome member of society there, and
in 1854 it was decided that his mother and his sister, Susan Agnes*, then both in England, would come to Barrie. In 1855 he joined the local
volunteer militia, the Barrie Rifle Company, eventually becoming a
lieutenant-colonel.
That same year the provincial capital moved from Quebec to Toronto, and by 1857 Attorney General John A. Macdonald needed a capable private secretary. Macdonald invited Bernard, then co-editor of the Upper Canada Law Journal,
to accept the position, which would be attached to his department.
Bernard began work in February 1858 and in March 1859 succeeded Robert
Alexander Harrison*
as chief clerk, at which time Bernard’s function as Macdonald’s
secretary probably ended. The following year he became deputy judge
advocate general, a post analogous to deputy attorney general. By 1864
he was sufficiently important that Macdonald had him act as secretary to
the conferences on confederation held that year in Charlottetown and
Quebec and at the London conference during the winter of 1866–67.
In February 1867 Bernard
escorted his sister up the aisle of St George Hanover Square in London
on her marriage to Macdonald. On 1 July Bernard became the new
dominion’s first deputy minister of justice. Macdonald, the minister, left him with virtually the entire management of Canada’s penitentiaries
(at Kingston, St John, and Halifax) and with the establishment of new
ones at Saint-Vincent-de-Paul (Laval), Que., and Lower Fort Garry, Man. [see
Samuel Lawrence Bedson]. In 1868 Bernard took the lead in arranging for
witnesses and evidence in the inquiry into the assassination of Thomas
D’Arcy McGee* and in the subsequent trial of Patrick James Whelan*. .... [Read the rest; emphasis in bold and size added]
HIBBARD, F.-W. (Frederick William), 1881-1949, Lieutenat-colonel, member of the OJAG; acted as the Judge-Advocate in the court martial referred to in the following article: "Un capitaine sous arrêt. Une cour martiale commence ce matin à juger le capitaine Roy, médecin militaire-- Deux inculpations sont portées contre l'accusé--Soldats du Laval dans la compagnie sibérienne", Le devoir, vendredi 27 septembre 1918, à la p. , disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800128 (consulté le 27 juillet 2018); member of the Quebec Bar;
A lawyer, Frederick William Hibbard was a graduate of McGill and served as
crown prosecutor in Montréal from 1907-1910. He was the president of the St.
James Literary Society in 1903 and served as a lieutenant colonel in the
militia.
McCORD MUSEUM
Originals, 1890-1891, 3 cm (Unaccessioned)
The F.W. Hibbard papers consist of personal bills and a diary, 1890-1891.
___________on Hibbard, Frederick William, 1865-1921, see "Le Lieutenant-Colonel F.W. Hibbard est décédé. Le président de la Commission des Services Publics est décédé après une longue maladie. Belle carrière légale, politique et militaire", Le Canada, 10 février 1921, à la p. 7; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3553091 (vérifié le 14 mars 2019);
__________on Hibbard, Frederick William, 1865-1921, see "Nouvelle nomination", Le devoir, Montréal, 12 octobre 1918 à la p. 3; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800141 (consulté le 14 mars 2019);
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HICKEY, Laurence (Larry) M., Enhancing
the
naval mandate for law enforcement : hot pursuit or hot
potato?, [Toronto, Ont.]: Canadian Forces College, 2005, 44 p., available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/281/277/hickey.pdf (accessed 19 December 2015); also with the same title
in 7(1) Canadian military
Journal, available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo7/no1/maritime-marin-eng.asp
(accessed on 2 June 2012); aussi publié en français dans 7(1) Revue militaire canadienne
sous le titre "L'inclusion de l'application de la loi dans le
mandat de la marine : une voie royale ou sans issue", disponible à
http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo7/no1/maritime-marin-fra.asp
(vérifié le 2 juin 2012);
Summary
"In April 2004, the federal government promulgated Securing
an Open Society: Canada’s National Security Policy. This
long-awaited document called for greater emphasis to be placed on
Canada’s maritime domains in the post-911 security environment.
This paper argues that the Canadian Navy’s role should be expanded
for domestic maritime enforcement in support of safeguarding
national security and the exercise of Canadian sovereignty. After
describing the Navy’s significant presence in Canada’s maritime
zones and the increasing reliance on the Navy by other government,
the issues that shape attitudes towards employment of armed forces
for law enforcement tasks are identified and challenged. A simple
model for executing an enhanced role is proposed. The model does
not suggest that the Navy should shift its primary emphasis from
preparing for combat at sea to coast guard duties. Rather, it is
an appeal for powers that would enable the Navy to act upon
violations detected while carrying out its fundamental military
role. Doing so would allow the Navy to leverage its presence at
sea, and contribute to realizing the goals articulated in Canada’s
national security policy, specifically to provide maritime
security for Canadians in an effective integrated manner." --
Abstract. (source: IRC Catalogue);
HICKMAN, H.W., Captain, legal officer, General list, with military district number 7 with headquarters in Saint John, New Brunswick, 1944, see The Quarterly Army List, January 1944, Part I, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1944 at p. 171 (bottom page number) or p. 181 (top page number), available at https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8897/88977987.23.pdf (accessed 21 March 2019); note: the Assistant Judge Advocate General at that time at military district number 7 was Major E.B. Bull;
___________on HICKMAN, H.W., I have located a H.W. Hickman, Q.C., senior counsel of the Attorney General's Department of New Brunswick, Fredericton, present at the Dominion-Provincial Conference on Correctional Reform, Parliament Buildings, 13-14 October 1958, see https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/hv%209308%20d6%201958-eng.pdf (accessed 14 April 2019);
With Parliament having just made homosexuality, per se, legal, some
Canadian government agencies took it upon themselves to find other ways
to restore its illegality.
In the Canadian military, the Judge Advocate General’s Office was
instructed by the brass to find ways to forcibly remove homosexuals from
the military. In response, the annotated Queen’s Regulations and Orders made a number of suggestions on how to bypass Parliament’s, and the
country’s, newfound tolerance of homosexuality.
The rationale for the military openly defying changes Parliament had
made for the civilian population was that only heterosexual men were
“manly” enough to contribute to combat roles, and their very presence
would undermine a unit’s morale. There were more, disgustingly
homophobic, arguments advanced, but they don’t bear repeating here.
-------------- "Capt. Todd Bannister, left, and his lawyer, Major J.L.P.L. Boutin, at his Brian Higgins is a CBC videojournalist on Prince Edward Island court marital at H.M.C.S. Queen Charlotte Monday. (Brian Higgins/CBC)" image source: cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/brian-higgins-1.3187392 accessed 16 January 2018
HIGGINS, Brian, "Former commander of Charlottetown cadets faces court martial", CBC News.ca/Prince-Edward-Island, 15 January 2018, available at http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/pei-todd-bannister-court-martial-1.4487687 (accessed 16 January 2018); standing court martial: accused: Capt. Todd Bannister; prosecutor; Major Luc Boutin; prosecutor: Major M.E. Leblond; military judge: Lt.-Col. Louis Vincent d’Auteuil;
Today is the second day of the International Society for
the Study of Military Law and the Law of War’s Rhodes Conference on Military Jurisdiction. It’s been a decade
since the Society’s first such conference, and much of the conversation so far has focused on the changes those ten
years have wrought and rising interest in military justice worldwide. In Europe in particular, the trend has been
toward shrinking military jurisdiction in favor of
increasing civilian capacity—through education, reform, and
better communications technology—to enforce military
justice.
Yesterday, accomplished speakers from the Belgian and
French ministries of defence described the extent of efforts to not only limit, but nearly abolish, the jurisdiction of
military courts. Reports from legal officers, jurists,
and scholars described major shifts in military
prosecutorial authorities, judicial review, and jurisdiction
in nations including Australia, Cameroon, Canada,
Ireland, Palestine, and Tunisia.
source of image: carleton.ca/history/people/norman-hillmer/, accessed 14 August 2017 Norman Hillmer HILLMER, Norman and Philippe Lagassé, "Parliament will decide: An interplay of politics and principle", (2016) 71(2) International Journal 328-337;
Abstract Debates about Parliament’s role in deciding military deployments are
clouded by misunderstandings of the relative legal authorities of the
executive and the legislature, and the mixture of political objectives
and democratic obligation that inform these discussions. Much has been
written about the legal aspects of this question. This article considers
instead the issues of politics and principle, which we argue are
consistently interwoven: while governments have elevated Parliament’s
role in military deployments for political purposes, the choice to
involve the legislature also reflects the idea that it is the “right
thing to do” in a democracy.
HILTZ, D'Arcy, Anita Szigeti, Ruby Dhand, Natalie
Venslovaitis and Catherine Morin, Mental Health: Military : Mines and Minerals,
Markham (Ontario): LexisNexis Canada, 2011, 870 p. (series:
Halbury's Laws of Canada; v. 66); copy at University of Ottawa,
FTX Reference: KE 444 .H35 M45 2011; this volume contains an important section on military law;
Built by Yarrows Ltd., Esquimalt, she
was commissioned at Victoria on 04 Oct 1943,
Swansea arrived at Halifax on 16 Nov 1943 and worked up off Pictou
and in St. Margaret's Bay. Assigned to EG 9, Londonderry, she made
her passage there with convoy SC.154, taking part in
the sinking of U 845 on 10 Mar 1944. On 14 Apr 1944 she repeated the
process in company with HMS Pelican, the victim this time being U
448. Eight days later, on 22 April 1944, this time with Matane,
Swansea sank U-311 southwest of Iceland. This kill was only awarded long
after the war once the records of German and British intelligence became
available. She was present on D-Day, and for the next four months patrolled the Channel in support of the ships supplying the invasion forces.
While thus employed, she and Saint John sank U 247 off Land's End on
01 Sep 1944. She left Londonderry on 05 Nov 1944 for a major refit at
Liverpool, N.S. from Dec 1944 to Jul 1945. It was the first
tropicalization of a frigate for Pacific service, and on VJ-Day
Swansea was assessing the results in the Caribbean. She was paid off
02 Nov 1945 to reserve in Bedford Basin, but was twice
re-commissioned for training cadets and new entries between Apr
1948, and Nov 1953. In early June, 1949, while the Maingay
Commission was still hearing testimony,a group of junior hands in on the
Swansea, incensed at poor treatment by their commanding officer, lockedthemselves in their mess. The response was a forceful entry by armed troops,
a rapid court-martial of thesenior hands, and their sentencing to 90 days' hard labour and dishonorable discharge from the navy.
[emphasis in bold and size added]
Rubson Ho, image source: Twitter,
accessed on 9 May 2014
HO, Rubson, "A World that has Walls: A Charter Analysis of
Military Tribunals", (Winter 1996) 54 University of Toronto,
Faculty of Law Review 149-185; summary available at http://www.utflr.org/abstract/ultr54_1/54_1_149.htm
(accessed on 10 July 2008);
HOAR, Lester G. (Lester George), Lieutenant, from St. John, N.B., was the assistant prosecutor to Capt. A.S. Fergusson, in the courts martial referred to in article: "Three Officers
Before General Court-Martial. Charge of Negligence Following Death of
Soldier. Plea of Not Guilty Entered By Capt. G.G. Alleyn", Hamilton Spectator, 1944/01/06, available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5028992 (accessed 4 June 2019);
HODGINS, W.E. (William Egerton) , 1851-1930, "The Law Applicable to the Militia of
Canada" (1901) 21 The Canadian Law Timesat
pp. 169-188 (posted on 18 January 2012); copy at the
University of Ottawa, FTX Periodcals, KE 12 .C342;
___________Colonel, "Military Law: Its Origin, Development And application"
(1910) 30 The Canadian Law Timesat
pp. 485-496 (posted on 18 January 2012); copy at the
University of Ottawa, FTX Periodcals, KE 12 .C342;
Image source: law.robsonhall.com/blog/2011-solomon-greenberg-competition/, accessed 3 July 2018 Laura Hodgson 2011winner of the Solomon Greenberg Competition and Sarah Minshull runner-up.
HODGSON, Laura, legal officer with the OJAG; member of the Manitoba Law Society since 2013; works in Ottawa, laura.hodgson@forces.gc.ca, tel.: 613-949-1589 (info as of 2 July 2018);
HODSON, David, "Eyes Right: Religious Ideologue and Pragmatist", in Peter H. Denton, ed., Believers in the battlespace : religion, ideology and
war, Kingston, Ont. : Canadian Defence Academy Press, c2011, xxiii, 231 p.; at pp. 179-190, 23 cm.
NOTES: "Produced for the Canadian Defence Academy Press by 17
Wing Publishing Office" --T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 9781100161679 (bound)
and 9781100161686 (pbk.); available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/dn-nd/D2-263-2010-eng.pdf (accessed 22 October 2015);
David M. Hodson is a legal officer and litigator with Defence Counsel Services. Previously, he was a reserve armoured recce officer with The Ontario Regiment, a reserve force rifleman with the Queens Own Rifles and a regular force infantryman with 2 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. He is a graduate of the M.A. in War Studies program at the Royal Military Col- lege of Canada. [p. 223,in Peter H. Denton, supra. Mr. Hodson practices criminal in Lindsay, ON -- http://www.defendme.ca/]
___________Web site of David Hodson, available at https://www.defendme.ca/ (accessed 5 Ocober 2018);
HOLDEN, N.J., "An examination of
mechanisms of complaint and grievance resolution in the Canadian
Forces", [Ottawa] : Centre for Operational Research and
Analysis, Defence R&D Canada,
2005, vi, 33 p.;
HOLLAND, Joseph (Joe) C., "Blue Helmets: Policemen or Combatants? Comments",in Claude Emanuelli, sous la direction de, Les casques bleus : policiers ou combattants?/ Blue Helmets: Policemen or Combatants?, Montréal, Wilson et Lafleur, 1997, 130 p. at pp. 115-120, (Collection: Secrion Bleue) ISBN: 2-89127-416-4;
__________"Canadian courts martial resulting from participation in the UNITAF Mission in Somalia", (1994) 1(4) Journal of International Peacekeeping 131-132; "Lieutenant-Colonel Joe Holland is
Director of Law/Security, Intelligence and Prosecutions in the
Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Canada", see http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187541194x00172 (accessed 1 March 2018);
Summary The two most critical aspects of targeting are the concepts of military
objective and collateral damage i.e. incidental loss of civilian life,
injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects. The conventional
international law definition of military objective is set out in the
1977 Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (Protocol I) at Article
52 (2). That definition has also become the complete customary
international law definition of military objective. The conventional
international law definition of collateral damage and the concept of
proportionality of which collateral damage is a part is found in
Protocol I at Articles 51(5) (b), 57 (2) (a) (iii) and 57 (2) (b). For
all practical purposes, the customary international law definition of
proportionality is the same as the conventional definition. The concepts
of military objective and collateral damage (and thus proportionality)
are linked by the common element of "military advantage". However, for a
variety of reasons that linkage is somewhat weak and sporadic. This
linkage implies a complementary relationship between these two concepts
i.e. as either grows or diminishes so does the other. An examination of a
wide range of recent law of war issues, controversies and developments
confirms this relationship. The main implication of this linkage is that
at least significant military input will be necessary in determinations
of military objective, collateral damage and proportionality. The major
challenge of this implication is ensuring that the resulting decisions
achieve the proper balance in the basic dynamic of the law of armed
conflict i.e. satisfy both military and the humanitarian factors neither
of which have primacy. [source: science-catalogue.canada.ca/record=2086246&searchscope=06, accessed 12 October 2017]
___________Military Objective and Collateral Damage : Their
Dynamics and Relationship, (2004) 7 Yearbook of International
Humanitarian Law 35-78;
This accession consists of notes and documents created and maintained by
Lt-Col. J.C. Holland, the officer responsible for prosecuting the case
against Lt-Col. Geoff Haswell for charges under Section 125 and 129 of
the National Defence Act. These charges arose from the destruction of documents in the office of the Director General of Public Affairs during
the deployment of the Canadian Forces to Somalia. Lt-Col. Holland was a
member of the Assistant Judge Advocate General's Central Region office
at the time of this case.
,
___________on HOLLAND, Lieutenant-Colonel Joe, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at pp. 139, 141 and 170, available at 103-242;
Col(Ret’d) Allan Fenske, Ms Mexi Springers, Capt(N)(Ret’d) Holly
MacDougall and LCol (Ret’d) Joe Holland were in Lahr, Germany for an
AJAG Europe reunion, Sept 22-23, to celebrate the Legal Branch
Centennial. The office relocated to Geilenkirchen in ‘93 when CFB Lahr
closed.
____________on a case investigated by Group Captain Hollies, see the article "Canadians cleared in executions by Ottawa investigating officer", The Globe and Mail, 28 October 1966, at p. 1:
ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
____________on the same case investigated by Group Captain Hollies, see the article : Allen Harvey, "German suggests 2 nations co-operate in executions probe", The Globe and Mail, 25 November 1966, at p. 44:
ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
____________notes on Jack Hollies:
- in 1975, Jack Hollies was counsel for the Solicitor General in Ottawa, see John Beaufoy, "Lawyer sues penitentiary system to free inmates from segregation", The Globe and Mail, 11 September 1975, at p. 5;
- Jack Hollies was working for the National Parole Board in 1984, see Drew Fagan, "Judging the risk: Parole board members assess whether prisoner will make mistake", The Globe and Mail, 4 June 1984, at p. M2;
- obituary for Hollies, John H., The Globe and Mail, 20 May 1982, at p. C11; he passed away on 15 May 1982, at home in Ottawa;
__________"Courts Martial in the Canadian Forces" (1959-60) 2 The
Criminal
Law Quarterly 67-76;
___________"Hearsay as the Basis of Opinion Evidence",
(1967-68) 10 The Criminal Law
Quarterly 288;
____________on HOLLIES, Colonel Jack, see "Clear UN man in shooting of Cypriot boy", The Globe and Mail, 9 October 1967, at p. 2;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, The Globe and Mail,
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 27 May 2019
____________on HOLLIES, Colonel Jack, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at pp. 91, 92 and 99, available at i-xii and
1-102;
Image source: https://www.ucalgary.ca/utoday/issue/2015-07-24/ian-holloway-reappointed-dean-law, accessed 22 January 2016
Ian Holloway
HOLLOWAY, Ian, testimony of Ian Holloway, Professor and Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Calgary, on Bill C-15,An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make
consequential amendments to other Acts -- this Bill has the
Short Title:Strengthening Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act,
- before the House of Commons Standing Committee on National
Defence, meeting number 64, 6 February 2013, minutes and evidence; - before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, meeting issue 38, 29 May 2014, minutes and evidence;
The purpose of the system of military
justice is very different. It exists not to preserve freedom, but to
preserve unit cohesion, to ensure—to repeat myself—that young men and
women will willingly place themselves in situations of extreme peril
because someone told them to and for no other reason. In other words,
the system of military justice doesn't exist to reflect Canadian values;
it exists to give us an instrument with which we can project Canadian
values. That's what we're doing in Central Asia; that's what we did in
the Balkans; that's what we did in the first Gulf War; that's what we
did in Korea. We need an instrument as a country with which we can
project Canadian values.
As
someone who was subject to this system for 21 years, for more than an
adult lifetime, I can say that the real key from the perspective of the
men and women in the trenches, so to speak, is a sense of fairness. It's
not whether it's the same as what civilians have. It's whether people
think they're getting a fair shake, whether they think that their
commanding officers will listen to them when they have a story to tell,
whether they think that their commanding officers will give a contextual
interpretation to whatever happened. That is why the vast majority of people who can choose between a summary trial and a court martial choose
a summary trial. For the most part, they have confidence in the
fairness of the system.
As
someone who teaches administrative law, I would say the real core of
the system of military justice is the doctrine of natural justice. If
people think they're going to have a fair shake, that they're going to
have the opportunity to tell their side of the story, that's really
what's important.
I'll
finish by saying that the Canadian system of military justice is
probably the most studied system of military justice in the world,
certainly in the western world. We had the Somalia inquiry; Chief
Justice Dixon [sic! should read Dickson] did a study; Chief Justice Lamer did a study; we have this
meeting today. The truth is that our system of military justice, though
not perfect, is pretty darn good. We do not have instances of mutiny,
insubordination, or violent insurrection by people in the service. Our
service people, in the main, have confidence in the system of military
justice.
HOLMAN, Fraser, "The State of the Canadian Forces: The Minister's
Report of March 1997", (Summer 1997) Canadian Defence Quarterly 32-37;
Colonel Rob Holman
was born into an Air Force family and grew up in a
variety of locations across Canada and in Germany. After
graduating from high school in Toronto, Ontario, he
joined the Canadian Armed Forces in 1986 and attended
the Royal Military College of Canada where he earned a
degree in Engineering Physics. Upon commissioning,
he undertook basic and advanced flying training at 2
Canadian Forces Flying Training School in Moose Jaw,
Saskatchewan. He received his pilot wings in 1991
and subsequently served as a qualified flying instructor
and later a standards officer flying the CT-114 Tutor
jet trainer. In 1995, he returned to the Royal Military
College where he served as a squadron commander and
supervised the Air Force’s
Continuation
Flying Training program.
In 1997,
Colonel Holman was selected for the Military Legal
Training Plan. He received his law degree from Queen’s
University and, after serving as a judicial law clerk at
the Federal Court of Appeal in Ottawa was called to the
bar of Upper Canada (Ontario) and joined the Office of
the Judge Advocate General in February, 2002.
From 2002 to 2007, Colonel Holman served as a military
prosecutor, first as trial counsel before courts martial and later as appellate counsel, appearing in front of
the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada. In 2007,
he deployed to Afghanistan where, as part of the
American-led Combined Security Transition
Command-Afghanistan, he served as a legal advisor and
mentor to the senior leaders of the Afghan National Army
General Staff Legal Department and the Ministry of
Defence Legal Department. He was awarded the Meritorious
Service Medal by the United States Army.
Following his return to Canada, Colonel Holman’s work
focused upon international law issues affecting Canadian Armed Forces operations. In 2010, he earned a
Masters degree in international law from McGill
University’s Faculty of Law where he researched the
application of International Human Rights Law to “rogue”
civil airliners used as weapons. He then served
successively as the senior legal advisor to the Chief of
Defence Intelligence, as an Assistant Legal Advisor at
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe during part of
NATO’s operations in Libya, as the Assistant Deputy
Judge Advocate General for Operational Law and as the
Special Assistant to the Judge Advocate General.
Promoted to his present rank in 2013, he assumed the
responsibilities of Deputy Judge Advocate General for
Military Justice.
Colonel Holman has
2000 hours of flying time in gliders, small civilian
aircraft and military jet aircraft. He is an avid mid-pack runner. He lives in Ottawa with his wife and
their three children.
------ ___________"La rendicion de cuentas en la justicia militar de Canada", (2014) Fuero Militar Policial Del Peru 41-44; note: Il Foro Interamericano Sobre Justicia Militar y Rerecho Operacional, Conferencias, 26 al 28 Agosto 2014; available at https://issuu.com/publica_on_line/docs/publicacion_del_foro_2_1_1_todo_5 (accessed 1 July 2016);
Existing theoretical approaches to international human rights law governing the State's duty to respect and ensure the right to not be arbitrarily deprived of life do not provide a satisfactory analytical framework within which to consider the problem of a rogue civil airliner - a passenger-carrying civil aircraft under the effective control of one or more individuals who intend use the aircraft itself as a weapon against persons and property on the surface. A more satisfactory approach is provided by the addition of a norm of proportionality of effects that is analogous to that which has been developed within the framework of international humanitarian law and modern constitutional rights law. This additional norm would apply only where there is an irreconcilable conflict between the State's duties in respect of the right to life and all of the courses of action available will result in innocent persons being deprived of life.
[Sommaire]
Existants approches théoriques au droit international des droits humains régissant l'obligation de l'État de respecter et de garantir le droit de ne pas être privé arbitrairement de la vie ne fournissent pas un cadre analytique satisfaisant dans lequel de considérer le problème d'un aéronef civil à passagers renégat - un aéronef civil portant des passagers et sous le contrôle effectif d'un ou plusieurs individus ayant l'intention utiliser l'aéronef-même comme une arme contre des personnes et des biens à la surface. Une approche plus satisfaisante est fournie par l'ajout d'une norme de proportionnalité des effets qui est analogue à celle qui a été développé dans le cadre du droit international humanitaire et le droit moderne des droits constitutionnels. Cette norme supplémentaire s'applique que lorsqu'il y a un conflit insoluble entre les devoirs de l'État en respect du droit à la vie et tous les cours d'action disponibles se traduira par des personnes innocentes étant privé de leur vie. [Source: AMICUS catalogue, Library and Archives Canada]
Colonel Holman, centre, at the workshop, National University of Singapore, Bukit Timah Campus.
___________"Military Justice and Human Rights: The Search for Balance atop the Constitution's 'Living Tree' ", paper presented at The Asia Pacific Military Justice Workshop 2016, 20-21 September 2016, National University of Singapore, Bukit Timah
Campus; see http://law.nus.edu.sg/about_us/news/2016/AsiaPac_MilitaryJustice.html (accessed 26 October 2016);
______________________ notes on Rob Holman from 2017 Canadian Council on International Law (CIL), 2017 CCIL
Conference November 2-3 in Ottawa, “Canada at 150: The Return of History for International Law”, 2017 Speaker Biographies, Keynote
Speakers, available at http://www.ccil-ccdi.ca/speakerbios, accessed 26 October 2017:
Colonel Rob Holman (Speaker) has
been a member of the Canadian Armed Forces since 1986. His service has
included being a flight instruction, a military prosecutor and
deployment to Afghanistan where he served as a legal advisor and mentor
to the senior leaders of the Afghan National Army. He was awarded the
Meritorious Service Medal by the United States Army. In 2010, he earned a
Masters degree in international law from McGill University’s Faculty of
Law where he researched the application of International Human Rights
Law to “rogue” civil airliners used as weapons. Promoted to his present
rank in 2013, he assumed the responsibilities of Deputy Judge Advocate
General for Military Justice. (E)
___________"The Rogue Civil Airliner and International Human
Rights Law: An Argument for a Proportionality of Effects Analysis
within the Right to Life", (2010) 48 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 39-96;
MacGregor said Thursday's decision to
not proceed came after reviewing the evidence to determine whether it supported
a reasonable prospect of conviction and was in the public interest to continue.
The military's policy on public
interest includes looking at the age of the charge, how frequently it crops up
among members and its impact on discipline.
__________The Constitutional Status of Military Tribunals: Paradigm Lost, Paradigm Regained: A Critical Analysis of
New Zealand Military Justice in the Light of International
Trends, doctoral thesis at the Victoria University of Wellington Law School, 2002, 849 p.; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet (14 October 2015); available at https://viewer.waireto.victoria.ac.nz/client/viewer/IE915395/rep/REP915429/FL915430?dps_dvs=1528979576253~974 and (accessed 14 June 2018);
The New Zealand military
justice system consists of a number of tribunals presided over by
military officers without legal training who may impose punishments
ranging from simple reprimands to imprisonment for offences under the
Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971 and other statutes. The overall
constitution and procedures of these tribunals has undergone little
change in New Zealand since the 19th century, despite significant
changes in other countries which share a common constitutional and
military heritage and despite significant legal developments, both
internationally and domestically. New Zealand's obligations under the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its domestic
obligations under the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 relating to
the structure of military courts and tribunals are explored in this
thesis. The method of analysis employed is comparative and analytical.
Recent military justice developments in Australia, Canada, the United
Kingdom and the United States are reviewed and compared with the New
Zealand system. The principles emerging from overseas cases are examined
and applied to the current statutory structure of New Zealand military tribunals. This thesis concludes that New Zealand military tribunals
fail in significant respects to offer the guarantees of independence and
impartiality required under section 25 of the New Zealand Bill of
Rights Act 1990 and Article 14(1) of the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, as well as failing to comply with the fundamental
rules of natural justice. A list of recommendations is offered in the
final chapter which, if implemented, would bring the military justice
system into compliance with New Zealand's domestic and international
human rights obligations. [source: tewaharoa.victoria.ac.nz/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=ROSETTA_ResearchArchiveIE915395&context=L&vid=VUWNUI&lang=en_NZ&search_scope= 64VUW_ALL&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=all&query=any,contains,Hook,%20Gordon%20P.&sortby=rank&offset=0, accessed 14 June 2018]
----------------------
New Zealand military courts are presided over by
military officers, not judges, and are capable of punishing
service persons overseas and at home with imprisonment,
detention and other criminal forms of punishment. They
reflect a 19th Century form of justice and have failed to keep up with New Zealand’s international human rights
obligations. Gordon Hook's research finds that military
courts in New Zealand must undergo a constitutional shift to
reflect the civil justice standards of independence and
impartiality, and to also bring the military justice system
into line with those of our defence
allies. (source: http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/ED0312/S00030/victoria-phd-graduates-at-5-year-high.htm, accessed 14 October 2015) and http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/ED0312/S00030/victoria-phd-graduates-at-5-year-high.htm (accessed 14 June 2018;
Dr. Gordon Hook, Executive Secretary, Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering
____________former member of the OJAG in Canada;
The APG Executive Secretary is Dr Gordon Hook. Gordon Hook was a
partner in a law firm in Winnipeg, Canada in the 1980s and 1990s
focusing on criminal trial work. He also acted as counsel in military
prosecutions in the Canadian Armed Forces' court-martial
system. Later he practiced law in New Zealand with the Royal New Zealand
Navy as a senior legal officer and with the Ministry of Justice, which
included work in the areas of AML/CFT and criminal procedure policy. He
was appointed to his current position in the APG in late 2006.
Gordon
Hook is a Barrister and Solicitor of the Manitoba Queen's Bench
(Canada) and the High Court of New Zealand. He has a LLB from Dalhousie
University in Canada and a PhD (Law) from Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand. He has published a number of articles on
AML/CFT and other legal topics in law journals and magazines and is the
joint author/editor of the book Corporate and Trust Structures: Legal and Illegal Dimensions, Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2018. [source: apgml.org/about-us/page.aspx?p=2b5f9189-0479-4ee9-b562-d93c7fe780e3, accessed 14 June 2018]
Image source: orangeville.com/community-story/1478442-putting-the-power-of-the-pen-to-work/, accessed 4 August 2018 Charles Hooker
HOOKER, Charles, Major (Ret'd), Letter to the editor on the veracity of the cover-up of the death of Shidane Arone in Somalia, 17(3) Canadian Military Journal 4; available at journal.forces.gc.ca/Vol17/no3/page4-eng.asp (accessed on 7 April 2018);
HOPE, John Andrew, 1890-1954, lawyer, called to the Bar in 1914, was the Judge-advocate in the court martial referred to in the article: "Military Tribunal, Unique in 20 Years, Tries Two Officers. Captains Face Grave Charges as Sequel to Hallowe'en Dance. Revolver Alleged Used", The Globe and Mail, 25 January 1933, at p. 1;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, The Globe and Mail,
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 26 November 2018
HOPKINS, Beamer W., lawyer served in WW II with the OJAG, photo and research notes:
Research notes from McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, x, 242 p., ISBN: 0662321928;
at pp. 59 and 64, see pp. i-xii and
1-102
---------
"The house [in Hamilton] was purchased in 1908 by William B. Hopkins, a physician, and was owned and occupied by his family until 1940. His son, Beamer W. Hopkins, had a particularly distinguished career as a politician, judge and public servant, serving at various times as alderman, controller, vice-president of the Parks Board, police commissioner and city magistrate." [source: d3fpllf1m7bbt3.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/media/browser/2014-12-16/hamiltons-heritage-volume-5.pdf, accessed 14 June 2018]
--------
Source: The Globe and Mail, Nov 10, 1971; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail pg. 8
HORN, Bernd, 1959-, "An Absence of Honour: Somalia -- The Spark that
Started the Transformation of the Canadian Forces Officer Corps",
Paper prepared for the International Seminar "Leadership,
Education and Multiculturalism in the Armed Forces: Challenges and
Opportunities”, La Paz, Bolivia, 13-15 September 2004", 20 p.;
available at http://www.cda-acd.forces.gc.ca/bolivia/engraph/seminars/sep2004/papers/Horn_sep_e.pdf
(accessed on 10 July 2008); now published in Allister MacIntyre
and Karen D. Davis, eds., Dimensions of military leadership,
Kingston: Canadian Defence Academy Press, 2006, iv, 394 p.
(series; From the Canadian Forces Leadership Institute's research
files; vol. 1), ISBN: 0662439643 and 0662440307;
----------
___________"À quoi vous attendiez-vous!?! Analyse de la
désobéissance au sein de l'ancien régiment aéroporté du Canada,
1968-1995" dans, sous la direction de, Howard G. Coombs, Les
insubordonnés et les insurgés: des exemples canadiens de
mutinerie et de désobéissance, de 1920 à nos jours,
[Kingston, Ont.] : Presse de l'Académie canadienne de la défense,
c2007, chapitre 14 aux pp. 389-416, ISBN: 978-1-55002-765-5.
Notes: Traduction de: The insubordinate and the noncompliant.
Comprend des réf. bibliogr. et un index. Publ. en collab. avec:
Dundurn Group, le Ministère de la Défense nationale et Travaux
publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada; disponible en grande
partie à https://books.google.ca/books?id=w6cPFutwP1AC&pg=PA402&lpg=PA402&dq=Somalie+desbarats&source=bl&ots=EkcAeHL9qd&sig=TWLo7BWOT4vNWneYGcmgV7uR8W8&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=-4rOVJbCLpPmgwSbo4K4CQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Somalie%20desbarats&f=false
(vérifié le 1er février 2015); ENGLISH :
___________"What Did You Expect? An Examination of
Disobedience in the Former Canadian Airborne Regiment, 1968-1995"
in Howard G. Coombs, The Insubordinate and Noncompliant: Case
Studies of Canadian Mutiny and Disobedience, 1920 to Present,
Kingston, Ont. : Canadian Defence Academy Press, c2007, 448 p.,
chapter 14, at pp. 397-426: ill., ports. ; 23 cm. NOTES:
Co-published by Dundurn Group. Issued also in French under title:
Les insubordonnés et les insurgés. Includes bibliographical
references and index. ISBN: 9781550027648;
Source of image: https://www.amazon.ca/Bastard-sons-examination-experience-1942-1995/dp/1551250780, accessed 5 October 2016 ___________Bastard sons: An examination of Canada's airborne experience, 1942-1995, St. Catharines, Ont. : Vanwell, c2001, 288 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
NOTES: Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 1551250780;
___________Bastard sons: an examination of Canada's
airborne forces, 1942-1995, doctoral dissertation, A thesis submitted to the War Studies Committee, in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy, Royal Military College, Kingston, 2000, vi, 441 leaves; available at http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/001/nq89095.pdf (accessed 27 October 2016);
[Abstract] The Canadian political and military leadership has
consistently taken an irresolute approach to the
requirement for airborne forces. The decision to
establish a Canadian parachute capability was initially
rejected during the early years of the Second World War
because the higher command in Ottawa saw no need for
these special troops. But the war itself proved
otherwise. It was the growing American and British
development in airborne forces that eventually provided
the catalyst for Canadian acceptance of the concept in
1942. However, the senior command directed that it be
kept at a very low and decentralized level. The post
war era was similarly fraught with hesitation and
indecision. During the late-forties to early-sixties
Canada's airborne force took the form of the Mobile
Striking Force which evolved into the Defence of Canada
Force. Their primary role was the Defence of the North,
a contingency which neither the political nor military
leadership thought likely to exercise. Yet by the
mid-sixties the newemphasis on strategic mobility and
containment of brush-fire wars heralded their rebirth.
In spite of this new found rationale resentment and
institutional enmity continued to fuel the debate in
regards to the relevance of paratroopers in the
Canadian context. Fatefully, the defining moment for
the Regiment and for the public was the brutal torture
and killing of a Somali teenager who was caught
attempting to penetrate the 2 Commando compound to
steal. Once made public, the press raised larger
questions of the Airborne's suitability for the
mission, its training, and disciplinary record. In
1995, after two years of coping badly with the issue in
public, DND and the military establishment were again
thrust into the limelight with the exposure of
repugnant hazing videos. These pushed the issue over
the brink. The problem became defined exclusively in
terms of the 'airborne.' The solution was explained in
the guise of disbanding the Canadian Airborne Regiment.
The disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment on 4
March 1995 and the eclipse of the nation's parachute
capability that it represented cannot be dismissed
simply as a 'knee jerk' political decision although
there seemed to be an abundance of that. The failure
rests squarely on the shoulders of the Army.
Ultimately, the failure to properly identify a
consistent and pervasive role for airborne forces and
abide by the doctrine which was developed, led to a
roller coaster existence, dependent on personalities in
power, and political expedients of the day. (Abstract
shortened by UMI.) [source: http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/aaweb-bin/aamain/itemdisp? sessionKey=1477555880063_142_78_200_14&l=0&lvl=1&v=0&itm=30719355&rt=1&bill=1, accessed 27 October 2016]
Image source: https://www.amazon.com/Outside-Looking-Perspectives-Canadian-Leadership/dp/0662419987, accessed 4 September 2016
___________ed., From the outside looking in : media and defence analyst
perspectives on Canadian military leadership / Bernd
Horn, editor, Winnipeg : Canadian Defence Academy Press, c2005, vi, 266 p.; 23 cm.
NOTES: Running title: Media and defence analyst perspectives
on Canadian military leadership
Issued by Canadian Defence Academy.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 0662419987; book available at publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/dn-nd/D2-176-2005-eng.pdf (accessed 4 September 2016);
Introduction - When Does Perception Become Reality? . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter 1 The Military and the Media in Canada: A Relationship from Tension to Trust ,Derek Stoffel. . .19 Chapter 2 The Local Front in News Coverage of the Military, Dr. Steve Lukits...l34 Chapter 3 Canadian Military Leadership in an Era of Military Transformation, David J. Bercuson . . . . . .41 Chapter 4 From the Middle Looking Out: Reflections of a Think Tank Commander, David Rudd. . . .54 Chapter 5 Perspectives on Canadian Military Leadership, Chris Wattie. . .67 Chapter 6 A Foot in Both Camps, Lewis W. MacKenzie. . .76 Chapter 7 Winning the Public Trust, Carol Off. . .91 Chapter 8 Looking After Your People: A Very Public Demonstration of Leadership, Linda Slobodian...107 Chapter 9 Taking the Middle Ground: A Unique Vantage Point, Scott Taylor . . .128 Chapter 10 Somalia Redux? The Yahoo Defence, Terminal Bullshit Syndrome And The Myth Of The Isolated Incident, Adam Day...142
Executive Summary The current complexity, ambiguity and chaos in the contemporary operating environment creates, for most national governments and their militaries, difficulty in adequately understanding, coping and responding to the myriad of security concerns. The challenge is normally one of scope and viable options. Canada is no different. Both the Government and the Canadian public are war-weary from over a decade of savage insurgency in Afghanistan. Further, the dire international economic situation has necessitated fiscal austerity measures that have had a significant impact on the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). As a result, the Government is reluctant, if not downright opposed, to any form of military intervention that may lead to becoming embroiled in another long drawn-out conflict with ground forces that will create a drain on national blood and treasure. Therefore, there is a tendency to say “No” to military intervention. Yet, for the government to maintain its status and influence with Allies, friends and global partners, it cannot be so naïve. It must do its share of “heavy lifting” with regard to ensuring world stability and security. As such, this article examines the necessity for the CAF, which will find itself squeezed by the fiscal necessity of the times, to simultaneously deliver relevant, strategic expeditionary capabilities that can quickly deploy and that will allow the Canadian government to maintain its credibility as a reliable ally and global partner.
Source of image: http://www.amazon.ca/Forced-Change-Crisis-Reform-Canadian/dp/1459727843, accessed 20 October 2015
HOUGH, Thomas Harris, 1922-2005, member of the OJAG, died on 27 March 2005, obituary, The Ottawa Citizen:
Thomas
Harris Hough
January 02, 1922 - March 27, 2005
HOUGH, Thomas Harris, Q.C. THH slipped
the surly bonds very suddenly on March 27, 2005. He was born in North
Bay, Ontario on January 2, 1922, the first child of Bill and Gwen Hough.
He enlisted in the RCAF early in the war and served as a fighter pilot
with the RAF. He was shot down over Italy in 1944 and spent the duration
as a prisoner of war, surviving the Long March. He returned to Canada
in 1946, completed university and then obtained his law degree from
Osgoode Hall. He started his legal career with the Judge Advocate
General and, in 1950 married Denise Lincez. He opened his private law
practice in Ottawa in 1962. He retired from that practice in the late
1980's. Tom was a true renaissance man. He was a fine cabinet-maker, artist and portrait painter, boat builder, opera buff, audiophile and
bibliophile. Above all, he was an academic with an unrivalled passion
for acquiring and analyzing new information and sharing it with one and
all. .... [Source: http://ottawacitizen.remembering.ca/obituary/thomas-hough-1922-2005-1066161658, accessed 17 October 2018]
Image source: ca.linkedin.com/in/marquise-houle-esq-96120317, accessed 14 June 2018 Marquise Houle
HOULE, Marquise, lawyer, Law Society of Ontario, is a Senior Conflict of Interest Analyst at the Department of National Defence since October 2017;
HOWLAND, V.W. (Vernon Wadsworth), 1918-2000, Commander, born in Winnipeg and died in Halifax; was the Judge Advocate General for two courts martials regarding the grounding of the aircraft carrier Magnificient, see "Officers of Carrier Will Face Court", Sherbrooke Daily Record, Friday, 24 June 1949, at p. 5, available at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2997095 (accessed 4 August 2018); from 2/8/1944 to 5/1945, was Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet, NSHQ, Ottawa, HMCS Bytown, see http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RCN_officers.html (accessed 4 August 2018);
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HOYLES, John, former JAG Honorary Colonel:
- Une visite du
Colonel honoraire
du JAG
Source:fr-ca.facebook.com/1erR22eR-1er-Bataillon-Royal-22e-R%C3%A9giment-254548539717/,
vérifié 27
juin 2016 "Le
Colonel honoraire du juge
avocat général (JAG) des
Forces armées
canadiennes, le Colonel John
Hoyles, accompagné d’une
délégation du
JAG du 5e GBMC, a visité le
1er Bataillon du Royal 22e
Régiment le 3
juin 2016. Le Colonel Hoyles
est présentement le chef de
la direction de
l’Association du Barreau
canadien. Cette association
représente 37 000
avocats, juges et notaires à
travers le Canada. Dès son
arrivée au bataillon, le
Colonel fût reçu [...]"
--lire la suite à https://fr-ca.facebook.com/1erR22eR-1er-Bataillon-Royal-22e-R%C3%A9giment-254548539717/,
vérifié 27 juin 2016)
- The Canadian Bar Association: "The very model of an Honorary Colonel", 6 February 2015:
CBA CEO John
Hoyles is now Col. Hoyles, having been welcomed to the position of
Honorary Colonel of the Legal Branch of the Department of National
Defence on Feb. 6.
“It is a great honour for me to be doing this, and I'm absolutely
thrilled by it,” said Hoyles in an interview with National Magazine. “I
think it’s a compliment, not so much to me, but to the CBA.”
The position carries a particular honour because of his family’s rich history in both the military and the law.
His position has a three-year term, which can be renewed. The
honorary rank comes with actual responsibilities, says Hoyles, who will
meet with lawyers in the Judge Advocate General’s office in Ottawa,
Halifax and Victoria to talk about the importance of their roles; and
also helping to educate and raise awareness of lawyers in military towns
about the differences between military and civilian law.
The involvement of the Judge Advocate General’s office in the CBA has given members a whole new perspective on military law, he says.
“I think there’s something very interesting when you have people that
are in uniform attending the Canadian Legal Conference. They very much
wanted … the military lawyers to be more engaged in the profession, but
the legal profession (also) needs to better understand what military
lawyers do.”
He jokes that when he was a lawyer practising in Northern Ontario his
midnight phone calls were along the lines of, “this guy wants to talk
to you to see whether he should blow into a breathalyzer.” A JAG lawyer
working in a war zone, on the other hand, could be awaked in the middle
of the night to decide whether bombing a certain area would meet the
rules of engagement. The lawyer who’s helping Hoyles learn his new role
is dealing with Shell on questions of that company’s oil rights on land
used by the army as a training ground.
Hoyles was able to choose which branch of the military he wanted to
represent. He chose the army because of his grandfather, a member of the
Black Watch who was killed on the battlefield in Amiens, France in
1918, just before the end of the First World War.
The Uniform Code is coming to mean something more than military
justice to Hoyles, who wore fatigues to his welcoming ceremony with
current JAG Maj.-Gen. Blaise Cathcart because his dress uniform wasn’t
ready. First of all, he’s only to wear the uniform when he’s acting as
an ambassador for the JAG’s office. Hoyles’ son-in-law, who serves in
the military, taught him how to shape (and shave) his beret – which
carries its own obligations.
“I was walking down the street wearing my uniform and I see a guy in a
military uniform about to get out of a car. I am about to walk past
him, and four paces before I got to him he salutes me, ‘Sir!’ and I have
to respond and salute him as I go by him.” He got the salute because of
the beret, it seems – if he’d been without headgear the lower-ranking
solder might have just stood at attention as he passed. [source: cba.org/News-Media/News/2015/February/The-Very-Model-of-an-Honorary-Colonel, accessed 1 July 2019]
- Outgoing Honorary Colonel John Hoyles
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF [Twitter] We extend our deepest thanks to our outgoing Honorary Colonel, John Hoyles, for his dedicated and enthusiastic service and wise counsel throughout the past three years. His actions have demonstrated the highest level of leadership. We wish him and his family all the very best." (accessed 20 June 2017). On the left is Col. Maria Dow.
------ "Former acting base commander Nord Mensah is driven away LCdr Saloumeh Torani, the prosecutor in this case; on the photo, she is after being
found guilty...(Arnold Lim/Black Press)", source:
"receiving a General Campaign Star for service in Afghanistan". vicnews.com/news/former-naval-commander-to-face-court- image source: Department of National Defence
Report on Plans and martial-in-victoria/, accessed 5 December 2017. 2011-12, at p. 49 at
tbs-sct.gc.ca/rpp/2011-2012/inst/dnd/dnd-eng.pdf (accessed
2 November 2017) ____________ "Former base logistics officer at CFB Esquimalt found guilty in court martial", Check News, 4 December 2017, available at https://www.cheknews.ca/former-acting-base-commander-cfb-esquimalt-found-guilty-court-martial-394404/ (accessed 5 December 2017);
A former base logistics officer [Nord Mensah] at CFB Esquimalt was found guilty of
having an inappropriate relationship with a subordinate at a court
martial on Monday. .... “There’s specific orders and regulations out there in the military that
if you’re engaged in a sexual relationship with somebody who is in your
chain of command, you’re required to report it to help prevent an
adverse work environment because things such as unit cohesion, unit
morale are quite important within the military context,” Lt.-Cmdr Sally
Torani, the prosecutor on Mensah’s case.
HUMAN FACTS AND MEDICINE PANEL, TASK GROUP and Science and Tecnology Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Moral Decisions and Military Mental Health (Décisions morales et santé mentale dans l’armée), Final Report of Task Group HFM-179, Published January 2018, Series: STO Technical Report; -STO-TR-HFM-179; and AC/323(HFM-179)TP/718); (accessed 1 November 2018); ****
HUMEN, James Daniel, The Politics of Canadian Defence Policy : NATO to Nuclear Weapons, Master of Arts, University of Alberta, 1992, 123 leaves, available at https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6t053j50k/MM77165.pdf (accessed 29 September 2016);
------ "Kim Fawcett with her son Keiran. After the crash that killed Adrian Humphreys, reporter him and wounded her, she returned to actice duty." image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psMp-r94dxk
HUMPHRIES, Mark Osborne, 1981-, The treatment of evacuated war neuroses casualties in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914–1919, Master of Arts (M.A.), Faculty of Arts, Wilfrid Laurier University, 2004, xi, 109 p.; thesis advisor: Roger Sarty; available at https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=etd (accessed 15 October 2018);
Description:
The conventional historiography of the treatment of war neurosis in Canada
is limited and suggests that "shell shocked" soldiers were diagnosed
and assigned treatment based on their rank and social class. According to the literature this meant that officers and soldiers from the upper
classes were diagnosed with neurasthenia and given "rest" and "spa"
treatments while soldiers from the other ranks and lower classes were
diagnosed with hysteria and treated with punitive therapies designed to
convince them to return to the front lines. However, these conclusions were based on contemporary medical journals and have been formed with
very little archival research. The author, using archival documents and
statistical analysis, suggests that soldiers from the other ranks who
were treated in England for war neurosis were rarely diagnosed with
hysteria and were instead labelled with one or more of several diagnostic terms, the most prevalent of which were "neurasthenia" and/or
"shell shock". These solders were also typically treated with "rest"
and "spa" therapies; punitive therapies were by far the exception to
this type of treatment. The author posits that the pre-war understanding
of the "nervous" disorders heavily influenced both diagnosis and
treatment.
___________Notice from the Victoria Bar Association on the death of Mel Hunt, received from Benoit Pinsonneault by email on 30 November 2015:
"Originally from Toronto, Mel Hunt lived in many parts of Canada and Europe during the years he was a member of the Canadian Forces. While in the services he was selected to be sent to law school after obtaining an Honours degree in Philosophy. Mel graduated from the University of British Columbia Law School in 1977. He articled to celebrated Victoria counsel, Dermod Owen-Flood, (later Mr Justice Owen-Flood of the BC Supreme Court), and began to serve as a military lawyer in 1978.
He left the military for private practice in 1987 with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and joined the firm of Dinning Hunter Jackson Law as associate counsel in 1999.
Mel practised in the criminal courts, as Courts Martial, and in the Federal Courts, as well as the British Columbia Supreme Court and the British Columbia Court of Appeal on a wide variety of legal issues including family and personal injury law. He was qualified as an expert witness in the British Columbia Supreme Court on military law and military personal matters.
Mel practised in the criminal courts, as Courts Martial, and in the Federal Courts, as well as the British Columbia Supreme Court and the British Columbia Court of Appeal on a wide variety of legal issues including family and personal injury law. He was qualified as an expert witness in the British Columbia Supreme Court on military law and military personal matters.
He was frequently consulted by other lawyers throughout Canada and retained by current and former members of the Canadian Forces in relation to military grievances, summary trials, human rights and pension matters.
Mel had a broad experience in life prior to becoming a lawyer: construction labourer, heavy equipment operator, truck driver, boxer, fire-fighter, administrator and military member starting as a private. Mel was widely regarded as a true litigator and was gracious in sharing his experience with junior lawyers. He will be missed.
Mel Hunt passed away on Tuesday November 17th 2015."
--------------- Ross McLarty, the author, image source: Mel Hunt mclartywolf.com/who-we-are/ross-mclarty/
Walsh had been on routine patrol about 20 kilometres west of Kandahar,
travelling in the back seat of a jeep-like G-Wagon, when a gun
discharged in the military vehicle. A single bullet hit Walsh in the
chest, above his flak jacket.
The Canadian soldier responsible for the gun, Robbie Fraser, was
charged with manslaughter and negligently performing a military duty. As
the investigation dragged for seven months, Walsh’s father Ben, became
increasingly angry and agitated that he was unable to get information or
updates from the military.
So the senior Walsh, a retired RCMP officer, took matters into his own
hands; rising to a challenge is, apparently, a family trait.
Ben Walsh reached out to Fraser and arranged to meet him for a coffee
in a cafe on the base at Shilo. There, Fraser recounted what happened on
a dusty Afghan road after the Canadian troops heard shots.
“They all got out, took the rifles out and Robbie took the machine gun too I guess,” recounted Walsh.
“They went and checked things out. Then Jeff got in the back first.
Robbie was on the opposite side. He threw his machine gun (into the
vehicle) and then he threw his rifle in. The rifle hit something and
went off.”
....
The charges against Fraser were eventually dropped and he remains in the military. Walsh keeps in touch with him.
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HURCOMB, Philip R. (Philip Redmond), 1909-1983, JAG officer, died in Ottawa on 17/11/1983; on Hurcomb, see [The Crownnest, September 1964, vol. 16, number 9 at p. 28, available at: readyayeready.com/crowsnest/1964/1964-09.pdf, accessed 7 August 2018]:
CAPTAIN PHILIP REDMOND HURCOMB, CD; commenced service in the RCNVR Feb. 20, 1942, as a sub-lieutenant (SB); served in Carleton, Stadacona, Bytown; transferred to RCN Jan. 17, 1946, as commander (SB); served in Bytown, Ontario; last appointment Naval Headquarters on Staff of Chief Naval Staff as Judge Advocate of the Fleet and on staff of Chief Naval Personnel as Assistant CNP. (Administration); commenced leave Aug.4, 1964; retires on February13, 1965.
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___________on HURCOMB, Captain (N) Philip R., see also the article "Officers and Men", (August 1964) 16(8) The Crowsnest at p. 18; available at http://www.sous-marin.ca/crowsnest/1964-08.pdf (accessed 27 January 2019);
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___________on HURCOMB, Captain (N) Philip R., see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, x, 242 p., at pp. 61, 83 and 95, ISBN: 0662321928, available at i-xii and
1-102;
The Navy ultimately appointed a lawyer to replace the Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet at the end of the war. Because he was a lawyer, the title was changed to Judge Advocate of the Fleet (JAF). The first JAF was Commander (later Captain) Philipp R. Hurcomb, who had been a senior civilian lawyer in Ottawa prior to the war, served in the Office of the JAG, and remained on with the Regular Force at the war's end. He held this position for almost all of its existence, retiring just months before the position disappeared.
[McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, x, 242 p., at p. 61, available at pp. i-xii and
1-102]
___________HURCOMB, Captain (N) Philip R., see article "Officers and Men", (August 1964) 16(8) The Crowsnest at p. 18; available at http://www.sous-marin.ca/crowsnest/1964-08.pdf (accessed 27 January 2019);
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viewed
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------------ Dan Hurley, source: Caricature by Brian Gable, 1949-, The Globe and Mail, 6 January 1997. https://ca.linkedin.com/in/hurleydan accessed 20 September 2017
HURLEY, Daniel T., Turning around a supertanker: Media-military relations in Canada in the CNN age, thesis for the degree of Master of Journalism, School of Journalism, Carleton University, 2000, vi, 201 leaves; available at https://curve.carleton.ca/bdfb4660-74dc-4eb5-afb8-23d21cc28465 (accessed 5 October 2016);
Abstract In 1998, the Department of National
Defence introduced a new public affairs policy pledging greater openness
and transparency with the Canadian public. The military endured five years of bad publicity following the death of a Somali teenager at the hands of Canadian
soldiers in 1993. During the “Somalia Affair,” the military was
portrayed as a closed and secret culture, intolerant of diversity and
internal dissent, and hostile towards the media. The affair turned from
bad to worse when amateur videos showing soldiers engaged in racist and
violent activities were released. Public support for DND plummeted. The Canadian
military needed to become more open and transparent because advances in
communication technology have made the public more aware and the media
more critical of its activities. With this in mind, DND has made
noticeable changes to achieve this goal. However, recent events have
proven that old habits die hard with the Canadian military.
Image source: mobile.twitter.com/wateraid_nicole, accessed 28 December 2016 Nicole Hurtubise HURTUBISE, Nicole G., Bridging the perception gap between the military and humanitarian actors, Thesis (M.A.)--Royal Roads University (Canada), 2005, 79 p.; document not consulted; on-going research, 19 August 2016;
Complex emergencies resulting from conflict bring together an intricate
combination of military and humanitarian actors. This study explores how
to destigmatize the prevailing humanitarian-military debate by
standardizing constructive dialogue and the sharing of mutual knowledge
at strategic and operational levels between both sets of actors.
Qualitative data was collected from a set of 18 interviews carried out
with respondents selected from the Canadian military, the humanitarian
sector, the Canadian government and academia. While the military and
humanitarian actors are rightfully diligent in maintaining an arm's
length distance, the decisions to work together or not should come from
an understanding of the other's mission, mandates and operational
constraints and not out of defensiveness or hostility. There are far
more commonalities between both sets of actors than what might be
readily evident. Hence, there may be opportunities to find a language
that bridges the perception gap and that is less beset with stigma.
Image source: findingaids.library.dal.ca/uploads/r/dalhousie-university-archives/8 Clayton Hutchins /7/6/87660e1a575ac8d62e06bba43ff5d9b04f6646534823b79e7e4ef56f239c969d/1941_Yearbook.pdf, accessed 5 November 2018
HUTCHINS, Clayton, former member of the OJAG, see:
- SMITH, Bryan, "Tips from the top fall 2010", Canadian Lawyer, 23 August 2010:
[Scott C. Norton , Stewart McKelvey, Halifax writes:] "Evidence. The professor was Clayton Hutchins, who was a retired lawyer
from the Judge Advocate General division of the military. He had a very
black-and-white view of the rules of evidence and required us to
memorize them for a closed-book exam. That was great foundation for a
litigator. He also had great “real life” stories to put the material in
context."
- professor at the Dalhousie Law School, Halifax, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at p. 212, available at pp.
103-242;
- several publications on law (criminal law, procedure and evidence), see Dalhousie University catalogue NOVANET at https://aleph1.novanet.ca/F?RN=622671060; and search Hutchins, Clayton;
- Clayton Hutchins was the prosecutor in the court martial referred to in the article: "No Inten to Kill, Soldier Pleads", The Globe and Mail, 5 August 1952, at p. 7:
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Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca accessed 5 November 2018.
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--------- Scott Hutchison, source: http://hhllp.ca/#scotthutchison accessed 7 August 2018
HUTCHISON, Scott C. and Michael P. Bury, Search and Seizure
Law in Canada, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, A
Thomson Company, 1990-, 600 p., looseleaf suplemented book,
ISBN: 0459350617; see Chapter 9 on "Military Searches";
Source: https://vimeo.com/31240507, accessed 20 August 2016 Gilles Létourneau (left) with Michel Drapeau
HUTTON, David, "Military Justice in Action: Book Lauch", 28
October 2011; available at http://fairwhistleblower.ca/content/military-justice-action-book-launch
(accessed
on 2 September 2013); includes a 20 minute video of the
presentations; about Gilles Létourneau with Michel Drapeau's book, Miltary Justice in Action: Annotated National Defence
Legislation, 1st edition 2011; the video is also
available at https://vimeo.com/31240507
(accessed on 7 March 2015);
It is especially fitting that the Canadian War
Museum was the venue for the launch of a
book that is intended to
improve the lot of those who serve in our forces.
The event featured an impressive array of speakers
including recently-retired Supreme Court judge Ian Binnie,
Justice Edmund Blanchard, and Richard Pound, former vice
president of the International Olympic Committee, who all
paid tribute to the authors and their 1,900-page volume.
Governor General David Johnston, Commander-in-Chief of the
Canadian Forces was also present. (source: http://safeskies.ca/content/military-justice-action-book-launch,
accessed 7 March 2015)
Source: assnat.qc.ca/en/deputes/hyde-john-richard-3695/biographie.html (accessed 21 August 2018) John Richard Hyde
HYDE, J.R. (John Richard), 1912-2003 (died in Kanata), research note: article about a General Court martial where Major J.R. Hyde from Montreal was defence counsel, see "Procès de trois soldats devant une
Cour martiale, à Aldershot", Le soleil, mardi 31 juillet 1945, à la p. 9; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3439529 (consulté le 21 août 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
He practiced law with his father at law firm of Hyde and Ahern (now called Ahern, Lalonde, Nuss & Drymer). During World War II, he served with the Royal Canadian Artillery in France and Belgium. After the war, he resumed his law practice and remained in the reserves eventually reaching the rank of Brigadier-General.
HYLAND, Christopher James, Merciless marches and martial law: Canada's commitment to the occupation of the Rhineland, University of New Brunswick, Department of History, MA, 2007 or 2008, 138 p;
HYSLOP, The Honourable Justice Robert, former JAG officer; note by F. Lareau: I remember that Capt Hyslop was working in the OJAG in NDHQ, Ottawa in 1974;
The Honourable Justice Robert Hyslop (BA ’69) is the recipient of the
2013 Judge J Elliott Hudson Distinguished Alumnus Award. He graduated from King’s with a BA in history in 1969 and then pursued law at
Dalhousie Law School, graduating in 1973. He was also admitted to the
Bar of Nova Scotia in 1973. He received a master of laws in criminology
and criminal justice from the University of London, England, in 2007.
During his King’s years, Bob was an active member of Cochran Bay and
was enrolled in the University Reserve Training Program. He was commissioned as a pilot officer and served as a lieutenant in the Royal
Canadian Air Force at CFB Halifax, 1969-70. In the early 1970s he served with the Judge Advocates Generals Office in Ottawa. He continued his
association with the Armed Forces and was appointed lieutenant commander of the Navy in 1986 and commander in 1994, at the same time as taking
up his duties as a military trial judge. [Read the rest at : ukings.ca/news/judge-j-elliott-hudson-distinguished-alumnus-award-announced/, accessed 13 October 2017]
Image source: http://www.amazon.ca
__________ Death or
Deliverance: Canadian Courts Martial in the Great War,
Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press (UBC Press), 2013,
192 p., ISBN: 9780774825672 (http://www.ubcpress.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=299174177;
(accessed on 29 September 2013);
__________No example is needed :
discipline and authority in the Canadian expeditionary Force
during the First World War, London, Ont. : School of
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Western Ontario,
c2009, Thesis (Ph.D.), vii, 287 leaves, 29 cm.;
Abstract:
This thesis is a study of the
application of military law in the Canadian Expeditionary Force
(CEF) during the First World War. In particular, this study examines the use of the death sentence for the crimes of desertion
and cowardice in order to reveal both the structure of military
authority, and how strictly military law was applied. While
previous studies have looked at the small number of confirmed
death sentences during the First World War, this study greatly
expands the research base by also using the case files of commuted
death sentences in order to provide a much fairer representation of military justice. Case files from commuted death sentences
include transcripts of the actual courts-martial, as well as the
letters of recommendation that were provided by a convicted
soldier's commanding officers. In these letters commanding
officers were expected to comment on whether a death sentence
should be confirmed or commuted, as well as provide the reasoning
behind their decision. This study has made clear that military
discipline during the Great War was far less brutal, and far more
flexible than has previously been supposed. There was a great amount of leverage within the military
judicial system. Every level of command was encouraged to
voice their opinion, and the opinion of Battalion Commanders
mattered just as much, and sometimes more, than the opinion of
higher ranking Brigade and Divisional Commanders. Furthermore, in
determining who would be executed, the individual records of
soldiers mattered far less than the timing of an offence and the
behaviour of the battalion as a whole. [Source: http://gradworks.umi.com/NR/73/NR73481.html,
accessed on 17 March 2012]
-------- John Ibbitson, image source: Daniel Leblanc, image source: theglobeandmail.com/authors/john-ibbitson https://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/daniel-leblanc, accessed 12 August 2017 IBBITSON, John and Daniel Leblanc, "Former military members who were discharged over sexuality launch class-action suits", The Globe and Mail, 1 November 2016; available at http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/former-public-service-staff-launch-sexual-discrimination-lawsuits/article32609060/? (accessed 3 November 2016);
plaintiffs seek redress for members of
the Canadian Forces and the federal public service “who were
investigated, targeted, sanctioned and/or who were discharged or
terminated by the Government of Canada because of their sexual
orientation, gender identity or gender expression,” according to a
statement of claim deposited Monday in Quebec Superior Court.
....
Two
representative plaintiffs – Martine Roy for Quebec and Todd Ross for
the rest of Canada – and their lawyers will announce the lawsuits at a
news conference on Parliament Hill Tuesday. The Globe and Mail was
informed of the lawsuit in advance.
INGLIS, Lt(N) A.M. (April M.), "A Life of Service: A brief biography of
former JAG: BGen (ret'd) James Simpson, QC, IDC", (2004) 1 Les
actualités JAG Newsletter 11-13; FRANÇAIS : ___________"Une vie de service : Une brève biographie de l'ancien
JAG: le Bgén (ret) James Simpson", (2004) 1 Les actualités JAG
Newsletter 14-16;
A lot of things can trigger April Inglis’ post-traumatic
stress disorder. As a military lawyer of 20 years who spent a good
amount of time in places like Afghanistan, she confronts triggers
throughout her daily life in Ottawa, Ontario. But there’s one place she
doesn’t have to worry about...
Canadians officials of the Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team (KPRT), Lieutenant Commander April Inglis, a Canadian Forces lawyer and Farrah Musani (right), Program Officer from the Department of Foreign Affairs, walk with Afghan officials from the justice system, Abdul Jalil Moulawvi Zada (left), Chief Justice of the High Court of Kandahar and Mulawvi Obaidullah, Afghan Director of Kandahar Ekhtisab (ethics advisor to the court system), for an exchange of information on the Afghan justice system and it’s functioning.
The Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team (KPRT) consists of Canadian Forces soldiers, a civilian police contingent led by the RCMP, and representatives from the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), and the Canadian International Development Agency(CIDA). The KPRT conducts coordinated interdepartmental operations aimed at promoting good governance, helping the Government of Afghanistan to extend its authority in the province of Kandahar, and facilitating the development of a stable, secure and self-sustaining environment for the Afghan people. ...
.
INSTITUT RIDEAU INSTITUTE, Letter to Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, "RE: Need for Commission of Inquiry on Canada’s Transfer of Afghan Detainees to Torture", 7 June 2016, available at (accessed 8 October 2016); available at https://bccla.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Afghan_OpenLetter-Jun7-2016_EN.pdf (accessed 8 October 2016);
The previous government systematically blocked all efforts to investigate what happened. Citing operational security concerns, it refused to provide uncensored information to the public, Parliament, the Federal Court, and the Military Police Complaints Commission (MPCC). It also thwarted an investigation by the House of Commons Special Committee on Afghanistan, first by refusing to disclose documents and then by shutting down the committee when the Conservatives won a majority in 2011. The House approved a December 1, 2009 motion: “That, in the opinion of the House, the government should, in accordance with Part I of the Inquiries Act, call a Public Inquiry into the transfer of detainees in Canadian custody to Afghan authorities from 2001 to 2009.” This motion was ignored.
From the left: Linda Bianchi, Marie Deschamps and Blaise Cathcart
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS CANADA, Administrator, News, "Successful CPD Event: Rule of law in interventions in fragile states", 4 November 2016, available at http://www.icjcanada.org/index.php/en/news.html (accessed 9 January 2017);
On October 20, 2017 [sic should read 2016], ICJ Canada held a very special full-day CPD
programme in Ottawa, focusing on building the rule of law in fragile
states through whole of government involvement, linking military,
justice sector, humanitarian, and development assistance.
....
Other themes discussed during the day included:
...
Oversight of international peacebuilding efforts in relation to international criminal law (Hon.
Marie Deschamps, former justice of the SCC and UN investigator; Linda
Bianchi, Counsel, Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Section,
Department of Justice and former international prosecutor; MGen Blaise
Cathcart, Judge Advocate General)
___________"Recent activities to promote national implementation of
International Humanitarian Law in countries and organizations of the
Americas", 31-05-1998, ICRC Resource Centre; Note: "Working
document prepared by the International Committee of the Red Cross for
the information of OAS member States which are party to the 1949 Geneva
Conventions"; available at https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jp74.htm (accessed 7 January 2016);
CANADA
1. National structures for implementation of IHL
- October 1996. Representatives of the Canadian Permanent Mission took part in the Meeting of experts on committees or other bodies for the national implementation of IHL, organized by the ICRC in Geneva.
- March 1998.
Discussions were under way on the establishment of a Canadian National
Committee on International Humanitarian Law, in accordance with a
Memorandum of Understanding between the Departments of Foreign Affairs
and International Trade, National Defence and Justice, the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police, the Canadian International Development Agency
and the Canadian Red Cross Society. Representatives of these departments
and bodies were to be the core members of the Committee; other members
may be designated on an ad hoc basis for particular projects. The
Committee's main functions will be to the facilitate implementation of
IHL and to offer advice on dissemination. It is anticipated that the
Committee will meet two or three times a year, and special meetings may
be convened as needed. The Canadian Red Cross will provide secretariat
services. The first meeting was scheduled for March 1998.
2. Legislative and administrative measures
-
Canada ratified the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in
1994 and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention in 1995. It ratified the
Ottawa treaty banning anti-personnel landmines in 1997, and adopted
implementing legislation the same year (Bill C-22, passed by the House
of Commons on 24 November 1997).
- April 1998. The
Canadian National Committee on International Humanitarian Law was
formally established on the basis of a Memorandum of Understanding of 18
March signed by the Departments represented on the Committee.
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MILITARY LAW AND THE LAW OF WAR,
"Conference on Military Jurisdiction Rhodes (Greece), 28 September
2011 to 2 October 2011 -- Questionnaire [with answers from
Canada]", version 3A -- Sep 12, 2011, 21 p., available at http://home.scarlet.be/~ismllw/conferences/QUESTIONNAIRE%20RHODES/Canada%20EN.pdf
(accessed on 26 February 2012); FRANÇAIS :
SOCIÉTÉ INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT MILITAIRE ET DE DROIT DE LA
GUERRE, "Conférence relative à la jurisdiction militaire Rhodes
(Grèce), du 28 septembre 2011 au 2 octobre 2011 -- Questionnaire
[avec les réponses du Canada]", version 3A -- 12 sept 2011, 23 p.,
disponible à http://home.scarlet.be/~ismllw/conferences/QUESTIONNAIRE%20RHODES/Canada%20FR.pdf
(site visité le 26 février 2012);
___________Les Garanties des
droits individuels dans le répression disciplinaire et pénale
militaire : IIIe congrès international, Strasbourg 20-21
mai 1964 / Préface de Jacques Léauté / Safeguard of individual
rights in the application of military law and disciplinary
regulations, Strasbourg, [Paris,] : Éditions Cujas, 1966,
280 p., 25 cm; title noted in my research but book not consulted;
may deal with Canada?; copy at McGill University, University of Toronto and Carleton University,
UB790.I58 (CaOOCC)0491179; recherches en cours (27 octobre 2016);
INTRIPID, A Podcast called, by Stephanie Carvin and Craig Forcese:
"Stephanie
and Craig welcome two terrific guests back to the show: Major-General
(ret) Blaise Cathcart (Canada's former JAG) and Leah West (in her
pre-law days, an ops officer with the Canadian Armed Forces). Today, we
circle back to a topic we addressed in Ep 11: "targeted killing". Our
return to this topic is sparked by Stewart Bell's reporting at Global on
a 2015 Canadian government memo discussing the "the strategic issues
associated with the targeting of enemy combatants who are also Canadian
citizens in Op IMPACT, the CAF contribution to Coalition Operation
INHERENT RESOLVE efforts against" ISIS." [Source: https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/intrepid/id1289996203#, accessed 5 July 2018]
"La guerre et son étude ont pendant longtemps été un
domaine appartenant au champ des sciences politiques, car
elle relevait de la sphère inter étatique. Suite aux deux
grandes guerres du 20 siècle, le droit et la sociologie
s'y sont intéressés et ont d'ailleurs développé des
concepts ainsi que des théories afin d'aborder la guerre:
que ce soit le droit international et la pénalisation de
certains comportements à travers un système de justice
international ou que ce soit par l'étude des acteurs et
des mouvements de la guerre. Or, la criminologie en tant
que discipline des sciences sociales spécialisée dans
l'étude du crime, la pénologie du crime et les politiques
de contrôle de la criminalité ne s'est pas ou très peu
aventurée dans l'étude des guerres et plus précisément
dans l'étude des crimes de guerre. Cette recherche se veut
un exercice pratique de l'application de théories
criminologiques à un cas présentant une situation de crime
de guerre. Le choix s'est arrêté sur l'affaire somalienne
de 1993, une situation délicate bien connue par le public canadien de par sa vaste médiatisation. Pour cette étude,
nous cherchions à évaluer et à sonder l'utilité d'une
application de théories criminologiques en choisissant
comme objet d'étude l'interprétation des membres des
propres Forces canadiennes des évènements de l'affaire
somalienne. Compte tenu l'univers technique des
militaires, ainsi que la complexité de l'affaire
somalienne, cette étude ne cherchera pas à contribuer à
l'étude des interprétations sociales des crimes de guerre,
mais elle évaluera le processus d'application de deux
théories criminologiques à cet objet d'étude. Nos choix
méthodologiques ont dans leur ensemble constitué une
partie de notre objet de recherche. À travers une méthode
qualitative, nous avons recueilli et choisi deux
témoignages de militaires de la Commission d'enquête
royale et d'un des procès à la cour martiale à travers
desquels s'insérait un récit des évènements. L'analyse
narrative a été appliquée permettant de déceler des
caractéristiques narratives quant au contenu, mais
également quant à la fonction du narrateur de ces récits.
Bien que l'échantillon choisi est très limité l'analyse du
matériel a permit de tirer certaines tendances L'analyse
de la mobilisation des cadres normatifs pour définir le
caractère déviant ainsi que celle de la gestion des
problèmes sous la perspective de la profession a dans les
deux cas permis d'identifier qu'il existe plusieurs
interprétations des évènements et ce, malgré la culture
sociale militaire et la même formation académique à
caractère militaire. D'autre part, ces deux analyses
indiquent que la position hiérarchique du militaire
devient un facteur important non seulement lorsque vient
le moment de définir le crime de guerre, mais également
quant à la gestion du problème suite à ces évènements.
Ainsi, bien que les militaires partagent des
caract?ristiques sociales, professionnelles et culturelles
communes, ce sera plutôt l'appartenance au groupe
militaire et plus encore la position hiérarchique occupée
au sein de l'institution qui influencent l'interprétation
des militaires par rapport à des situations telles que les
crimes de guerre. Au delà? de ces résultats, cette étude
vise plutôt à contribuer au débat quant à l'absence des
études sur les crimes de guerre en criminologie." [source:
http://gradworks.umi.com/MR/48/MR48460.html,
visité le 21 janvier 2012]
Lieutenant-Colonel Nancy Isenor, Director of Law/Intelligence and Information Operations, was the Course Director for this week’s Detention and Captured Persons Course at @IIHL_Sanremo in San Remo, Italy."
___________notes on ISENOR, Nancy from "Speakers by Program-- CBA Military Law Conference", Ottawa, 24 May 2018; available at (accessed 16 January 2019);
LCol Nancy
Isenor is the Director of the Office of the Judge Advocate General
Intelligence and Information Operations Directorate. She is responsible
for the overall provision of legal support to DG Cyber, DGIMO,
CFINTCOM, CFNCIU, as well as ADM Pol on cyber operations, network
operations, intelligence and information operations since September 2016.
Since 1999, LCol Isenor has served in a number of positions within the
Office of the Judge Advocate General. She served as a prosecutor in the
Directorate of Military Prosecutions from April 1999 - July 2002, Legal
Advisor to the Royal Military College from July 2002 - July 2003, Deputy
Judge Advocate Trenton from July 2003 - July 2006, Canadian Legal
Advisor to NORAD from July 2006 - August 2009, Canadian Joint Incident
Response Unit (CJIRU) Legal Advisor from August 2009 - August 2013, DLaw
Military Justice Operations 3 from August 2013 - October 2013, Special
Assistant 2 to the Canadian Armed Forces Judge Advocate General from
October 2013 - July 2014, Canadian Special Forces Command Head Quarters
Legal Advisor from July 2014 - September 2015, and Director of
Strategic Joint Staff Legal Advisors from September 2015 - September
2016.
LCol Isenor deployed to Bosnia between March - September 2003 as the
Senior Legal Advisor. She deployed to Afghanistan from Sept 2010 -
March 2011 where she was the legal advisor to Canadian Special Forces
Task Force 58. Domestically, LCol Isenor deployed in support of the
2010 G8/G20 Summit and to the 2010 Winter Olympics where she provided
legal advice to Canadian Special Forces Command.
LCol Isenor is a graduate of University of Manitoba, (B.A. - 1994 and LL
B -1997), and Queen's University (LL M - 2012). She was called to the
bar and became a member of the Law Society of Manitoba in 1998. Working
for a short period in private practice, she enrolled in the Canadian
Armed Forces as a member of the Office of the Judge Advocate General in
January 1999.
----Image: amazon.com/Canadian-State-Trials-Toleration-1914-1939/dp/1442631082 Ben Isitt, image source:https://twitter.com/ben_isitt, accessed 14 November 2017
ISITT, Benjamin (Ben), "Court-Martial at Vladivostok: Mutiny and Military Justice during the First World War" in Barry Wright, Eric Tucker and Susan Binnie, eds.,Canadian State Trials, Volume IV: Security, Dissent, and the Limits of Toleration in War and Peace, 1914-1939, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division, 2015, 544 p., at pp. 172-216, ISBN: 1442631082 and 978-1442631083;
Image source: http://www.deslauriers-co.ca/avocats.php?lang=en, accessed 31 December 2018 Mauela Islam
ISLAM, Manuela, avocate, Cabinet du Juge-avocat général (JAG) - Forces armées canadiennes; voir ca.linkedin.com/in/manuela-islam-4a61479/fr (visité le 31 décembre 2018); membre du Barreau du Québec (2004); travaille au Cabinet du Juge-avocat général 6560 rue Hochelaga, Garnison Montréal, Édifice 214, Local 121, Montréal QC H1N 1X9 (renseignements en date du 31 décembre 2018); she attended, as a regular force legal officer, the 2019 mandatory legal officer qualification course at
Canadian Forces Military Law Centre, CFB Kingston, see Access to
Information Act, DND Acess to Information and Privacy letter dated 12
June 2019, File A-2019-00289;
Source of image: http://www.turkel-committee.gov.il/files/newDoc3/Annex%20C%20-%20for%20Website.pdf, accessed 22 September 2015
ISRAEL, The Public Commission to Examine the Maritime
Incident of 31 May 2010, Second Report -- The Turkel Commission,
Israel's Mechanisms for Examining and Investigating Complaints
and Claims of Violations of the Laws of Armed Conflict According
to International Law, February 2013; available at http://www.turkel-committee.gov.il/files/newDoc3/The%20Turkel%20Report%20for%20website.pdf
(accessed on 1 March 2005); deals with Canada; see also
MacDOUGALL, M.H. (Holly), "Canada: Investigation and Prosecution
of Alledged Violations of the Law of Armed Conflict", in The
Public Commission to Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May
2010, The Turkel Commission, Second Report, Israel's Mechanisms
for Examining and Investigating Complaints and Claims of
Violations of the Laws of Armed Conflict According to
International Law, Annex C -- The Comparative Survey, at pp.
563-640, available at http://www.turkel-committee.gov.il/files/newDoc3/Annex%20C%20-%20for%20Website.pdf
(accessed on 1 March 2015);
From the left: Dr. Chris Madsen, Dr. Walter Dorn, Murraw Brewster, Prof Amir Attaran, Craig Scott JACK AND MAE NATHANSON CENTRE ON TRANSNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS, CRIME & SECURITY, Osgoode Hall Law School York University Toronto, "Public Forum: "Evidence of Torture in Canada: The New Normal of Official Complicity? Nathanson Centre - Wednesday, 9 January, 2013, Panel 3 - Evidence of Torture in Canada & Armed Conflicts: Afghan Detainees Case and Other Cases",; NOTE: "Third Panel on torture in the military
environment, with special emphasis on case law from the Canadian
experience in Afghanistan, Haiti, and Somalia"; available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSZb0hcqS9A&list=UURHE5TWwkyOy1OOVAYJOWgg&index=1, accessed 7 October 2016);
Image source: https://library.ryerson.ca/sexdiv/authors/jackson/, accessed 20 August 2016 Paul Jackson
JACKSON, Paul,Courting homosexuals in the military: The management of homosexuality in the Canadianmilitary, 1939–1945, Thesis (Ph. D.)--Queen's University, 2002, 866 p., thesis advisor: Karen Dubinsky;
Description:
During the Second World War, contradictory anti-homosexual policies in all three branches of the Canadianmilitary
made homosexual men vulnerable to discipline and punishment. The
category of ‘homosexual’ was inflexibly cast as invidious in public
discourse. Medical policy required the immediate discharge of
homosexuals as ‘military misfits.’ Under militarylaw,
servicemen were court-martialled for homosexual indecency. As the war progressed, more extensive policing and surveillance techniques meant
that queer men were increasingly likely to be discovered and prosecuted.
Since the regulations governing homosexual activity were promulgated
poorly and enforced erratically, many men were unaware of them until
they were caught. However, all knew that homosexuality was a serious
offence against morality and masculinity. Meanwhile, queer men were
commonly appreciated at a personal and professional level, where they
were not originally judged categorically as ‘homosexual.’ Many
servicemen at all levels of command protected their queer comrades and
subordinates from the gaze of hostile military authorities. The
mobilisation for war provided queer men with unprecedented opportunities
in Canada and overseas to explore their sexuality. While they were
active in all types of military units, their visibility depended on the
opportunities offered by their units. In all services, officers found
guilty by court-martial of homosexuality were discharged while other
ranks were most commonly sentenced to periods of detention. Queer
veterans who escaped detection often remember their service as formative
in their social and sexual development. Loyal servicemen who were
persecuted or prosecuted for their sexual difference remain deeply
resentful towards the nation that broke faith with them. Using a variety
of military records and interviews with veterans, I explore the place
of homosexuality in a variety of military environments and study
relationships between servicemen at various levels of command. I examine
in detail the occasions when homosexuality became a significant issue
for men in their personal lives and when it became a problem at the
institutional level. (source: http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?ct=Next+Page&pag=nxt&pageNumberComingFrom=2 &frbg=&rfnGrpCounter=1&indx=11&fn=search&dscnt=0&scp.scps=primo_central_multiple_fe&fctV=Dissertations&mode=Basic&vid=01LOC&ct=Next %20Page&rfnGrp=1&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&fctN=facet_rtype&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=%22canadian%20military%20law%22&dstmp=1471511778086, accessed 18 August 2016)
___________One of
the Boys: Homosexuality in the Military During World War II, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2004, 338 pages;
Homosexuality and military service have always made
strange bedfellows. Military leaders, generally
traditionalists, have typically seen homosexuals as unmanly,
immoral, and a threat to cohesion. While the U.S. military has
garnered international headlines as a result of its
exclusionary policies, the issue is far from new and struggles
with it have not been limited to the United States. The
Canadian military was acutely concerned with homosexuality
during the Second World War. At the outset of the war the
mammoth task of mobilizing hundreds of thousands of troops
overshadowed concerns about their sexual behaviour of
orientation. As the war progressed, however, senior military
brass became increasingly determined to rid the services of
those engaged in "disgraceful conduct of an indecent kind."
Using an wide array of sources - including long-closed court
martial records, psychiatric and personnel files, unit war
diaries, films, and oral histories - Paul Jackson relates the
struggle of queer servicemen of all ranks and branches of the
Canadian military to fit in and avoid losing their careers and
reputations. Open Secrets, a National Film Board of Canada
documentary, was based on this book. [Source: http://books.google.ca/books?id=VahBObOSUDQC&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y,
accessed on 27 April 2014]
----source foe EUROMAIL logo: google image at https://www.google.com (21 january 2016) JACOB, Emmanuel, President of EUROMIL (European Organization of Military Associations)," 'WINDS OF CHANGE' Inaugural Conference on Canadian Military Justice 13 November 2015 Ottawa Information provided by Emmanuel Jacob, President of EUROMIL" in Michel
Drapeau Law Office, ed., Winds
of Change: Conference and Debate on
Canadian Military Law, [Ottawa:]
Michel Drapeau Law Office, 2016, 102 p., at pp. 33-34, NOTES: Conference held at the
University of Ottawa, 13 November
2015; "For the first time an
international academic conference on
military law was held in Canada at the
University of Ottawa with the focus on
reform and comparative law" (Gilles
Létourneau, Preface, p. 7);
"(Organizing Committee for the Conference: Michel
W. Drapeau, Joshua M. Juneau, Walter
Semianiw and Sylvie Corbin)"; Speech transcribed by Joshua M. Juneau, p. 31;
available at mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-Conference-Proceedings.pdf
(accessed 20
January 2016);
Image source: www.usma.edu/law/SiteAssets/SitePages/LTC%20Jacobs%20LAW.jpg?Mobile=1, accessed 1 January 2018 Christopher Jacobs JACOBS, Major Christopher W., "Taking the Next Step: An Analysis of the Effects the Ottawa Convention May Have on the Interoperability of United States Forced with the Armed Forces of Australia, Great Britain, and Canada", (2004) 180 Military Law Review 49-114; available at https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Military_Law_Review/pdf-files/180-summer-2004.pdf(accessed 25 January 2017);
Jean-Marc Jacob
JACOB, Jean-Marc, 1947-, veterinarian, member of the House of Commons; on the Jacob affair, see:
Jacob faced accusations that he advised Quebec members of the Canadian Forces to join a Quebec army if there was a winning vote for Quebec sovereignty in the 1995 Quebec referendum. The prevailing Liberal government decided to investigate these remarks, while the Reform demanded Jacob be charged with sedition. Reaction to this incident included a 22 March 1996 sketch on the English language television comedy series Royal Canadian Air Farce where Jacob "learns the meaning of the word sedition". [footnotes omitted]
The Bloc Quebecois, it appears, has got away with it.
Readers will recall that on the eve of the Oct. 30 referendum, the Bloc sent out a "communiqué" to all Canadian Forces bases in Quebec urging soldiers to "transfer their loyalty to the new country" if the Yes side won. They were assured that they could keep their rank, seniority and pension benefits.
The words were attributed to Bloc MP Jean-Marie Jacob but were printed on the letterhead of Bloc Leader Lucien Bouchard.
On the surface, the communiqué appeared to be a breach of the Criminal Code sections on sedition, which makes it an offence to willfully "interfere with, impair or influence the loyalty or discipline of a member" for the Canadian Forces.
Defense Minister David Collenette called it "shocking" and asked for a report from the military's judge advocate-general.
That's the last official word from the government on the matter. Don't expect any more.
Sources in Ottawa say the government, fearful of turning Bouchard and Jacob into martyrs, quietly has decided to drop the matter. There will be no criminal charges laid.
Nor will the government pursue the matter in the House of Commons by demanding disciplinary action against Bouchard and Jacob if no apology is forthcoming. (To date, neither has apologized for the communiqué, although both have attempted to downplay its significance by citing translation difficulties.)
A private citizen - Montreal lawyer Brent Tyler - is pursuing the case on his own and attempting to lay charges against Bouchard and Jacob. But he keeps running into roadblocks. [more to read in the article]
JACOBS, Christopher W., "Taking the next step: an analysis of the effects the Ottawa convention may Have on the interoperability of United States forces with the armed forces of Australia, Great Britain, and Canada", (Summer 2004) MilitaryLaw Review, Issue 180, p.49-114; available at https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Military_Law_Review/pdf-files/180-summer-2004.pdf(accessed 1 January 2018);
I do have one caveat, however. As the Supreme Court observed, the overriding need for a military justice system is not just to resolve issues affecting military discipline fairly, but quickly as well. It is in this area of rapidity and not in any ill-informed or ill-prepared outside criticism that I see the greatest risk to the continuing separate existence of our military justice system. While recognizing that a compromise is needed between swiftness and resources dictated by the complexity of the case, I fear that the balance has leaned too far toward economy of resources and away from swiftness of application. If by our corporate action our military demonstrates that time has ceased to be a factor, then a large part of the rationale for a separate military justice system will cease to exist
JAG Alumni:
--------- Painting by Kim Hayman donated by the Alumni on 5 From the left, Commodore Geneviève Bernatchez, Judge Advocate General, December 2018 Kim Hayman, the artist and Kenneth Watkin, a former JAG Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel Source: emails from Peter Tinsley and Benoit Pinsonneault, 8 & 11 December 2018
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
JAGNET (the internal JAG bulletin board);
JALONEN, B.E. (Brian), Captain, member of the OJAG, co-counsel for the Director of Military Prosecutions in Williams M.B. (Sergeant), R. v., 2017 CM 4018 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/hqf4n> (accessed 8 May 2018);
___________photo of Major Jalonen, Brian with others:
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF2h2 hours ago [21 November 2018] Maj Brian Jalonen, Maj Desmond Burton-Williams, Lt(N) Ruth Shojaei and Lt(N) Naomi Watson, from our Admin Law Division recently took part in the @CBA_News Administrative Law, Labour and Employment Law Conference, a great learning opportunity in these challenging fields of law.", accessed 21 November 2018.
JANUSZ, Barbara D., "War and Emergency" in Canadian Encyclopedic Digest,
(Ontario, 3d), volume 52, title 158, Scarborough: Carswell; copy
at the Fauteux Library, University of Ottawa;
___________"War and Emergency" in Canadian Encyclopedic Digest, (West, 3d), volume
55, title 161, Scarborough: Carswell; copy at the Fauteux Library,
University of Ottawa;
Image source: linkedin.com, accessed 4 February 2018 Colonel Jay Janzen
JANZEN, Jay, Colonel, "An inside look into Canada’s military justice system", The Maple Leaf, 21 March 2017, available at https://ml-fd.caf-fac.ca/en/2017/03/3670 (accessed 4 February 2018); aussi publié en français: "Regard sur le système de justice militaire du Canada", Feuille d'érable, 32 mars 2018, disponible à https://ml-fd.caf-fac.ca/fr/2017/03/3670 (consulté le 4 février 2018); Note: "Jay Janzen is director of public affairs operations at the Department of National Defence; Reprinted courtesy of The Hill Times";also published in The Hill Times, Feb 13, 2017, Issue 1408, p.30;
... I recently had the opportunity to serve for the first time in my
27-year military career as the senior panel member (juror) for a court
martial. I was highly impressed with what I saw and experienced and want
to share my observations to better inform debate on the need for a
unique military justice system. ...... I personally found deliberating a difficult and complex process. There
were many multifaceted factors to be considered, including the evidence given in dozens of documents entered as exhibits, and the testimony of
multiple witnesses during the trial. Three of the panel members were commissioned officers, and two were senior non-commissioned members. ......
JARDINE, Nishika, LCol, Canadian
Forces
and the rule of Law: failures of the arrangement for the
transfer of detainees in Afganistan, JCSP: Master of
Defence Studies, Canadian Forces College, 2007, 89 p.; available
at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/293/286/jardine.pdf
(accessed on 18 December 2011);
JARRATT, Lee, "It's Never Too Late: There comes a time, for those of us in the Canadian Armed Forces, when our career path stalls or loses its appeal", (Summer 2015) Canadain Military Family 44-45; about Blair Hicks, admitted as a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada (Ontario Bar) in 2014; available at http://cmfmag.ca/best_cmf/its-never-too-late/ (accessed 20 August 2016);
For Blair Hicks, who was an Air Combat System Operator, that time came in 2010. After serving 20 years in the Air Force, she decided it was time for a change. In 2009, she applied for the Canadian Forces subsidized legal officer training (MLTP -- Military Legal Training Plan). This program had candidates apply concurrently to several Canadian law schools. Hicks made the shortlist, unfortunately due to the limited military positions she was not accepted. However, Hicks did gain acceptance into law school at the Western University of London, Ontario where she started her path to becoming a lawyer in 2010, something she had wanted to do for awhile.(p. 44)
JEANGÈNE VILMER, Jean-Baptiste, 1978-, Au nom de l'humanité: histoire, droit, éthique et
politique de l'intervention militaire justifiée par des raisons
humanitaires, thèse Ph.D., Université de Montréal, 2009;
Source: http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/content/bl/add_ms_49055.jpg, accessed 3 March 2016 JELLICO of SCAPA, Viscount, Report of the Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Jellicoe of Scapa on Naval Mission to the Dominion of Canada (November-December, 1919), see "Discipline", at volume 1, Chapter 4 at p. 35;
JENKINS, P.H. (Paul), "Policing the Canadian Forces in the 21st
century", Toronto, Ont.: Canadian Forces Command and Staff
College, 32 leaves; Notes: Course 17, 1990/91;
title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (1
January 2012); I worked with Paul when he was a young captain with the military police in Halifax, circa 1975-1977;
JOB DESCRIPTION, MILITARY LAW CENTRE (CFMLC Kingston), TRAINING SUPPORT COORDINATOR
REO: O-31526 - Training Support Coordinator
Status
Closed
Competition Closing Date: 30-JUN-2017
From: MILPERSGEN HQ
Subj: Class B Permanent Res Svc opportunity - MILPERSGEN HQ - PO BOX
17000 STN FORCES, KINGSTON, ON, K7K 7B4, CA (Actual Employment Location:
CFMLC Kingston)
Refs:
A. CF Mil Pers Instr 20/04 - Administrative Policy of Class A, Class B and Class C Reserve Instruction
B. DAOD 5023-2 - Physical Fitness Program
C. MHRRP - Military Human Resources Records Procedures - Topic Cl A, B,C Res Service
D. CFIRP - Canadian Forces Integrated Relocation Program
E. CFTDTI - Canadian Forces Temporary Duty Travel Instructions
MILPERSGEN HQ has a Class B Permanent for a MWO/MWO MOS
ID/Occupation 90000-ATR to commence on 01-SEP-2017 until 31-AUG-2020.
Only personnel from the following Component/Sub-Component may apply for
this position: Primary Reserve Force, Supplementary Reserve Force,
Regular Force.
Essential requirements are as fols:
Rank: MWO/MWO Mbrs eligible for promotion to MWO/CPO 2 and
CWO/CPO 1 who are willing to relinquish their rank can apply, but will
only be considered if no qualified MWO/CPO 2 is available. WO/PO 1 may
be considered only if candidates at the rank of MWO/CPO 2 or WO/PO 1
qualified for promotion are not available.
MOS ID: 90000-ATR
Language: English or French
Security clearance: Secret
Health: BE MED/DENT FIT
Physical fitness: MUST BE PHYSICALLY FIT
Required experience and quals:
Course Remarks:
A. Strong verbal and communications skills
B. Experience with MS Office Suite
C. Work Experience in a training establishment is an asset
D. Knowledge of Peoplesoft and MITE is an asset
Position requirements for regular force annuitants permit IAW CMP
instruction 20/04: Yes - Option 2
(http://cmp-cpm.mil.ca/en/policies/cf-mil-pers-instr.page (# 20/04))
Secondary requirements of position, as applic:
N/A
Basic description of duties: 1. Supports the administration, supply
and logistical requirements of CFMLC activities and courses delivered in
garrison and in the field, including the LOQC, POCT/PORT and ILOAC
2. Prepares and updates orders and directives applicable to CFMLC
activities and administers military staffing processes, including the
drafting of military messages/correspondence and contracts
3. Liaises and coordinates with CAF units and outside agencies on
logistical matters related to CFMLC programs and activities
4. Maintains training statistics on CFMLC courses
5. Supervises CFMLC junior staff
6. Coordinates the CFMLC staff training and other PD activities
7. Responsible for the handling of CFMLC documentation, including the
storing, archiving and disposal of corporate and transitory records
8. Responsible for the administration of CFMLC physical assets and
infrastructure, including security requirements, building maintenance
and other functions associated with the responsibilities of a fire
warden and a personnel security officer
9. Fulfills other responsibilities and tasks as directed by the member's
supervisor
Rations, quarters, accomodations, and/or move
Rations and quarters are available?: NO
Member must live in service accomodation?: NO
Member must live on the economy.
Move of DHG and E will be considered? NO
Other pertinent details: If move of DHG and E is not considered for
this employment opportunity, this means that the member is responsible
to bear all costs associated with moving DHG and E to their new place of
duty when the member is not from the local area. No travel, rations or
accommodation expenses related to the move will be reimbursed.
Members of the Supp Res if eligible who wish to apply for this position may do
so through SUPP RES STAFF at toll free number: 1-866-558-3566, Fax number:
1-613-992-1324, Email:
DND.SuppRes-ResSupp.MDN@forces.gc.ca. Members of the P Res and Reg F if eligible who wish to
apply for this position may do so through their home unit's Orderly Room. If
eligible, members of the NAVRES/RCN PRL, who wish to apply for this position,
may do so by submitting an e-mail through their chain of command before going to
the appropriate career manager for action. If selected, members of the
NAVRES/RCN PRL must receive an authorisation from NAVRESHQ prior to start
employment; this will ensure careful review of position requirements and time to
complete appropriate administrative action. If selected for an employment within
RCN, members of all Commands must receive an authorisation from NAVRESHQ prior
to start employment. All nominations must be submitted through the Monitor Mass
Reserve Employment Opportunity (REO). NOMINATIONS NOT PROCESSED THROUGH REO WILL
NOT BE CONSIDERED. Nominations must include the following:
Contact information.
Confirmation of whether or not member is in receipt of a pension under the CFSA attributable to REG F SVC.
Any other pertinent info that should be considered by the employer
(personal limitations affecting service performance, etc), including
comments regarding any requirements for the position that may not be up
to date in HRMS (such as language profile, physical fitness or medical)
since initial screening for the POSN will be based on HRMS data. Sources
documents will be required.
CL C RES SVC IPC/IC calculation report results from HRMS (for CL C RES SVC opportunities only).
OPI:
Name: LCol Maynard , Kimberley
Position: 013942 - SSO MILITARY LAW CENTRE/SSO MILITARY LAW CENTRE
Phone: 271-6150
Email: kimberley.maynard@forces.gc.ca
Interviews: Only applicants considered suitable for the position will be contacted for interviews.
Remarks: [source: http://armyapp.forces.gc.ca/reo-oer/en/details.aspx?positionnumber=O-31526&pedisable=true, accessed 25 July 2017]
OER: O-31526 - Coordinateur de soutien de l'entrainement
ÉTAT:
Fermé
Date de fin du concours: 30-juin-2017
DU: GÉNPERSMIL
OBJET: Classe B permanent RES SVC OPPORTUNITY - GÉNPERSMIL - PO BOX
17000 STN FORCES, KINGSTON, ON, K7K 7B4, CA (Endroit réel de l'emploi:
CFMLC Kingston)
REFS:
A. Instructions Personnel Militaire de FC 20/04 Politique Administrative
pour le service de Réserve de classe A, de classe B, et de classe C
B. DOAD 5023-2 - Programme de conditionnement physique
C. A-PM-245-001/F-001
D. PRFIC - Programme de réinstallation intégrée des Forces canadiennes
E. IFCUST - Instruction des Forces canadiennes sur les voyages en
service temporaire
GÉNPERSMIL A UNE OCCASION DE SVC DE RES Classe B permanent POUR UN
adjum/adjum SGPMS ID/OCCUPATION 90000-TCE POUR COMMENCER 01-sept-2017
JUSQU'EN 31-août-2020. Seuls les employés de cette
composante/sous-composante peut postuler pour ce poste: Force de la
première réserve, Force de la réserve supplémentaire, Force régulière."
LES EXIGENCES ESSENTIELLES SONT LES SUIVANTES:
GRADE: adjum/adjum Les militaires admissibles à une
promotion au grade adjm/pm 2 et les adjc/pm 1 qui sont disposés à
accepter une diminution de grade peuvent postuler, mains on ne les
retiendra que si aucun adjm/pm 2 qualifiés n'est disponible. Les adj/m 1
seront considérés seulement si aucun des candidats appropriés au grade
d'adjm/pm 2 ou d'adj/m 1 qualifié pour promotion n'est disponible.
ID SGPM: 90000-TCE
LANGUE: L'anglais ou le français
COTE DE SECUR: Secret
SANTE: NORMES MÉDICALES ET DENT RENCONTRÉES
APTITUDE PHYSIQUE: DOIT AVOIR RÉUSSI LE TEST D'APTITUDE PHYSIQUE
EXPERIENCE ET QUALIFICATIONS REQUISES:
Commentaires sur le cours:
A. Doit être capable de communiquer efficacement oralement et par écrit
B. Doit avoir de l'expérience avec le logiciel Microsoft Office Suite
C. Doit avoir de l'expérience dans un environnement d'entraînement est un atout
D. Connaissance du logiciel Peoplesoft et de ITEM (MITE) est un atout
Les exigences du poste pour les pensionnés de la force régulière
permettent conformément à l’instruction de CPM 20/04: Oui - l'option 2
(http://cmp-cpm.mil.ca/fr/politiques/instr-pers-mil.page (# 20/04))
AUTRES EXIGENCES, LE CAS ECHEANT: S/O
COURTE DESCRIPTION DES TACHES: 1. Apporte un soutien à la gestion
administrative, à l'approvisionnement et aux besoins logistiques des
activités et de la formation livrées par le CDMFC en garnison et dans le
champ, incluant le CQAM, le FAOP/RAOP et le DCAI
2. Rédige et met à jour les ordres et directives applicables aux
activités du CDMFC et gère les communications militaires, incluant la
rédaction d'ébauches de messages militaires et d'autres correspondances
et de contrats
3. Assure une liaison et coordination avec les unités des FAC et autres
agences externes quant aux besoins logistiques liés à la livraison de la
formation offerte par le CDMFC et de ses autres activités
4. Gère la collecte de statistiques liées à la formation offerte par le
CDMFC
5. Supervise le personnel subalterne du CDMFC
6. Coordonne la formation et autres activités de développement
professionnel du personnel du CDMFC
7. Responsable de la gestion de la documentation du CDMFC, incluant de
l'entreposage, de l'archivage et du transfert des dossiers corporatifs
et transitoires
8. Responsable de la gestion des biens meubles et immeubles du CDMFC,
incluant des questions de sécurité, de l'entretien des biens immeubles
et de tâches liées aux responsabilités de l'officier responsable de la
prévention des incendies et de sécurité de l'unité
9. S'acquitte d'autres responsabilités et tâches telles qu'assignées par
son superviseur
VIVRES, LOGEMENT ET/OU DEMENAGEMENT DES PAM ET EP:
LES VIVRES ET LE LOGEMENT SONT DISPONSIBLES?: NON
LE MILITAIRE DOIT VIVRE DANS LES LOGEMENTS MILITAIRE?: NON
Le militaire doit habiter un logement non subventionné.
PAM & EP SERA PRIS EN CONSIDERATION? NON
AUTRE DETAIL PERTINENT: Si un déménagement des PAM & EP
n'est pas considéré pour cette opportunité d'emploi, ceci implique que
le militaire sera responsable d'assumer tous les coûts associés au
déménagement des PAM & EP à leur nouveau lieu de travail lorsque ce
dernier n'est pas de la région locale. Aucune dépense de déplacement,
repas ou d'hébergement reliée au déménagement sera remboursée.
Les membres de la réserve supplémentaire si admissibles qui désirent
appliquer pour cette position peuvent le faire par l'entremise du
Personnel de la réserve supplémentaire en utilisant le numéro de
téléphone sans frais: 1-866-558-3566, ou par fax au 1-613-992-1324, ou
par courriel: DND.SuppRes-ResSupp.MDN@forces.gc.ca.
Les membres de la Rés P et de la F Rég si admissibles qui désirent
appliquer pour cette position peuvent le faire par l'entremise de leur
salle de rapport d'unité d'appartenance. Si admissibles, les membres de
la RESNAV/CPR MRC, qui désirent appliquer pour cette position peuvent le
faire en soumettant un courriel à leur chaîne de commandement avant
d'être envoyées au gérant de carrière approprié pour action. Si
sélectionnés, les membres de la RESNAV/CPR MRC, doivent obtenir une
autorisation du QG RESNAV avant de débuter l'emploi; ceci permettra une
révision attentive des besoins de la position et le temps pour compléter
les procédures administratives. Si sélectionné pour un emploi avec la
MRC, les membres de tous les commandements doivent obtenir une
autorisation du QG RESNAV avant de débuter l'emploi. Toutes les
nominations doivent être soumises par l'entremise de Monitor Mass
Opportunité d'emploi de la Réserve (OER). LES NOMINATIONS QUI NE SONT
PAS SOUMISES VIA OER NE SERONT PAS CONSIDÉRÉES. Les nominations doivent
inclure ce qui suit:
Coordonnées de l'appliquant.
Confirmation si le membre reçoit une pension sous LPRFC suite à du service dans la force régulière.
Toutes autres information pertinentes qui devraient être
prise en considération par l'employeur (limitations personnelles
affectant le service, etc.), y compris des informations qui ne sont plus
à jour dans SGRH (tel que le profile linguistique, les résultats de
test de condition physique ou médicale) car le SGRH sera utilise lors de
l'évaluation initiale des prérequis pour le poste. Les documents
sources seront requis.
Le résultat des calculs de CPR/CI de SGRH (pour les opportunités de service de réserve CL C seulement).
BPR:
Nom: lcol Maynard , Kimberley
Position: 013942 - SSO MILITARY LAW CENTRE/SSO MILITARY LAW CENTRE
Téléphone: 271-6150
Courriel: kimberley.maynard@forces.gc.ca
Entrevues: Seulement les applicants considéré souhaitable pour la position vont être contactés pour les entrevues. [source: http://armyapp.forces.gc.ca/reo-oer/fr/renseignements.aspx?positionnumber=O-31526&pedisable=true, visité le 25 juillet 2017]
Dean Jobb JOBB, Dean, "Crown asset: JerryPitzul
has put Nova Scotia's Public Prosecution Service on a sound business
footing, but some high-profile cases are mired in controversy and
there's grumbling in the ranks over low salaries and the director's
aloof management style", Canadian Lawyer, Jan 1998, Vol.22(1), pp.18-21; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (8 July 2016);
Source of image: http://www.mqup.ca/canada-in-norad--1957-2007-products-9781553391357.php#!prettyPhoto/0/, accessed 22 September 2015
JOCKEL, Joseph T., Canada in NORAD, 1957-2007: A History, Montreal
and Kingston: McGill- Queen’s University Press, 2007, 240 p.
(series; Queen's Policy Studies Series; 115); see Table of
Contents at http://www.mqup.ca/canada-in-norad--1957-2007-products-9781553391357.php (accessed 5 June 2015);
JODOIN, Major R., "The Code of Service Discipline after the
Constitution", Toronto, Canadian Forces College, 1983, 1
microfiche (series; Exercise New Horizons); cited in Martin
Friedland's study for the Commission of Inquiry, Controlling
Misconduct in the Military: a Study prepared for the Commission
of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia,
supra, at p. 171, footnote 225;
JOHANSEN, David, "Armed forces on active service : sections
31 and 32 of the National Defence Act", [Ottawa] :
Research Branch, Library of Parliament, 1990, 4 p.,
(series; Mini-review; MR-71E); FRANÇAIS: JOHANSEN, David, "La mise en service actif des Forces armées :
articles 31 et 32 de la Loi sur la défense nationale",
[Ottawa] : Service de recherche, Bibliothèque du Parlement,
1990, 5 p. (series; Mini-bulletin ; MR-71F);
JOHNSON, Lt(N) Alexandra, "JAG CLE Workshop", (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 77-78; FRANÇAIS: JOHNSON, ltv Alexandra, "Atelier de travail de la FJP du JAG", (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 78-79;
JOHNSON, C.H. (Clarence Howard), LL.B. degree, lawyer and legal officer with the JAG (Army General List Officer), circa 1948-1952; got this information from the Canadian Army List of that period;
___________on JOHNSON, C.H. (Clarence Howard), Major, note that he was "designated to act as Courts for the purposes of the Canadian Citizenship Act", see Register of Official Appointments at p. 1257, available at https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1957-58/195712941257_p.%201257.pdf (accessed 17 March 2019);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Laurel Johnson
JOHNSON, Laurel, notes on:
Laurel Johnson is employed with the Department of Justice Canada, and
for the past five years has been Director and Senior Counsel, Public
and Labour Law, Office of the Legal Advisor for the Department of
National Defence and the Canadian Forces. She previously worked as
Counsel and Special Assistant in that office, and worked at Treasury
Board Secretariat Legal Services and at the Canada Industrial Relations
Board, both as Counsel. Prior to joining the federal government, she
practiced labour and employment law in private practice in Ottawa,
Toronto and London, Ontario.
Laurel is an avid athlete and certified yoga instructor, with a
particular fondness for cross country skiing, yoga, swimming and trail and road biking and running. Her boys are 20 and 17, leading their own
active lives, with opportunities for family connection at their cottage
in the Ottawa Valley. (available at: http://shepherdsofgoodhope.com/about-us/board-of-directors/ accessed 11 April 2017);
JOHNSTON, David, Son excellence le très honorable, Gouverneur général du Canada, "100e anniversaire de la nomination du premier juge-avocat général canadien", Ottawa, 6 octobre 2011; disponible à http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=14260&lan=fra (vérifié le 23 décembre 2016);
JOHNSTON, George A., "Canada's War and Emergency Legislation", (1942) 35(6) Law Library Journal 467-476;
Discusses the statutes, regulations, and orders passed as of May 1942. Includes an appendix listing these documents, along with a short list of pertinent books and journal articles [Source: Joel Fishaman et al., "Bibliography of Legal History Articles Appearing in Law Library Journal, Volumes 1–94 (1908–2002)", (2003-13) 95(2) Law Library Journal 217-278 at p. 270; available at citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.646 .1935&rep=rep1&type=pdf, accessed 15 March 2018]
JOHNSTON, Anthony M. (Tony), Lieutenant-Colonel, legal officer in Lahr, 1993, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at p. 152, available at
103-242;
___________received the US Meritorious Medal in 2000, see "Meritorious Mefal" in (July-August 2000) 3 JAG Newsletter--Bulletin d'actualités at pp. 9-10;
Image source: https://www.grad.ubc.ca/campus-community/meet-our-students/jones-craig, accessed 8 March 2018 Craig Jones
Abstract Processes of juridification are a defining feature of late modern war. But geographic accounts of war have generally not considered the role that law plays in shaping its conduct. This paper explores the juridification of war using the concept of lawfare. Lawfare may signal an intensification and shift in the relationship between war and law, but I argue that understanding the nature and extent of these changes requires a careful examination of the historical geographies of war, law and lawfare. Drawing from critical legal approaches I offer a preliminary geographical and historical theorization of lawfare so that we may better understand the relationship between war and law today.
JONES, Douglas, 1846-, compiled by, Notes on military law for
the use of the cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada,
Ottawa: Maclean, Roger, 1880, 80 p.; also available: CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche series = CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches ; no.
13594, ISBN: 0665135947; copy available at http://www.archive.org/details/cihm_06713
and http://www.archive.org/details/cihm_13594
(accessed on 21 December 2011)
"Table of Contents [partial]:
Chapter 1: Introductory...5;
Chapter 2: Martial Law... 6-9;
Chapter 3: Historical Summary of Military Law... 10-19;
Chapter 4: Courts Martial... 20-26;
Chapter 5: Preliminaries to Trial...27-43;
Chapter 6: Crimes and Punishments...44-53;
Chapter 7: Courts of Inquiry...54-55;
Chapter 8: Eviden...56-66; Appendix: Form of Proceedings of a
General C.M. (including some of the more unusual incidents which
may occur to vary the ordinary course of procedure, with
instructions for guidance of the court)...67-75; Administration of
Oaths...76-78"
___________Textbook of Military Law For the Use of the
Gentlemen Cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada,
[2nd ed.,], Kingston (Ontario]: Daily News Stream Print House,
1882, 266 p.; also published by CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series number
10644, ISBN: 06665106440; available at (accessed on 27
December 2014); available at https://archive.org/details/cihm_10644
(accessed on 27 December 2014); also available at https://archive.org/stream/cihm_10644#page/n5/mode/2up (accessed 26 December 2015);
"Contents:
Chapter I. Civil Law, Military Law, and Martial Law, contrasted...
1;
Chapter II. Historical Summary of Military Law...5;
Chapter III. The 'Army Act 1881'...16;
Chapter IV. Discipline...27;
Chapter V. Courts Martial...50;
Chapter VI. Proceedings before trial...65;
Chapter VII. Duties, Responsibilities etc. of Persons Officiating
at Courts Martial...82;
Chapter VIII. Procedure at Trial...104;
Chapter IX. Field General, and Summary Courts Martial...141;
Chapter X. Crimes and Punishments...149;
Chapter XI. Fotrfeitures, Stoppages, and Fines...178;
Chapter XII. Various Regulations, Penalties etc....183;
Chapter XIII. Courts of Inquiry, Committees and Boards...188;
Chapter XIV. Martial Law...194;
Chapter XV. Evidence...206;
Chapter XVI. Military Law as it Concerns the Militia in
Canada...246;
Index 252"
___________on JONES, Douglas, see MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), 1968-, Another
Kind of Justice : Canadian Military Law from Confederation to
Somalia, Vancouver : UBC Press, c1999, x, 236 p., at pages 19-20, ISBN:
0774807180 at pages ; available at https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/12440/1/9780774807180.pdf (accessed 19 April 2019);
JOSHI, Lcol Vihar,
"Implementation of the JAG's Intent -- Guiding Principles for
the Office of the Judge Advocate General (16 May 06) /
Mise en application de l'intention du JAG -- Principes pour le
cabinet du Juge-avocat général (16 mai 2006)", (2007) 1
JAG Les actualités Newsletter
50-53;
___________message "Fw: Retirement -- Colonel Vihar Joshi", 22 August 2018, from Bill & Ben (JAG Alumni):
After
28 years of outstanding service to Canada, the CAF and the Office of the Judge
Advocate General (JAG), Colonel Joshi will retire on 15 October
2018.
Colonel
Joshi joined the Canadian Forces in 1990 and was promoted to his current rank in
September 2009. Early in his career, he served in Halifax as the Deputy Judge
Advocate (Halifax) and at National Defence Headquarters as legal advisor in
respect of a number of areas including human resources, compensation and
benefits, pensions, finance and legislative drafting. In the rank of LCol, he
served as the Director of Legislative and Regulatory Services, Director of
Law/Human Resources, Director of Pensions and Finance Legal Services, the Director of Law/Compensation and Benefits, and the Assistant Deputy Judge
Advocate General/Operations. He was also the Special Assistant to the Judge
Advocate General. Upon promotion to Col, he assumed the position of the Deputy
Judge Advocate General/Military Justice and Administrative Law. His last posting
was as the Deputy Judge Advocate General/Administrative Law, a position he held
for 9 years.
Col
Joshi has deployed in support of a number of CF operations. In 1996, Maj Joshi
deployed to Haiti as the legal advisor to the Commander, Canadian Contingent,
UNSMIH. In 2002, LCol Joshi deployed to SFOR HQ in Bosnia where he served as the
Deputy LEGAD to the Commander SFOR. In 2007, LCol Joshi deployed to Kabul,
Afghanistan for a one-year period with the Strategic Advisory Team-Afghanistan
(Op Argus). In that capacity he was an advisor to Afghanistan's Minister of
Justice and mentor to the senior staff of the Ministry of Justice. For his work
in Afghanistan, he was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal. In 2013, he was
appointed as an Officer of the Order of Military Merit. In 2014, he was
appointed as Queen’s Counsel.
Col
Joshi holds a Bachelor of Administration from the University of Ottawa, a LL.B.
from Osgoode Hall Law School, and a LL.M. in legislative drafting from the
University of Ottawa. He has completed advanced training in strategic human
resource management at Rotmans (University of Toronto) and holds the designation
of Certified In-House Counsel – Canada.
Col
Joshi’s contributions to the CAF and the well-being of its members go far beyond
his leadership and provision of legal services with the Office of the JAG. A
long time participant in and supporter of CAF sports, he served most recently as
champion of the squash program and as deputy head of delegation at the world
CISM games in South Korea in 2015. He also served for six years as the NCR
champion for visible minorities.
Upon
retirement from the CAF, he will assume the function of Director General of
Operations and General Counsel to the Military Grievances External Review
Committee. He and his wife Sue, will remain in the Ottawa area while their
daughter Danielle will continue her studies in Hamilton.
An
informal gathering will take place on 29 August 2018 from 1300 to 1600 at the
Ottawa Army Officer’s Mess, 149 Somerset Street West. At that time, friends and
colleagues will have an opportunity to say farewell to an extraordinary member
of the CAF.
The
official celebration will take place during the Office of the JAG’s Mess Dinner
on 14 February 2019 at the Fairmont Chateau Laurier, 1 Rideau Street,
Ottawa.
Après
28 exceptionnelles années au service du Canada, des FAC et du bureau du juge
avocat général (JAG), le colonel Joshi prendra sa retraite le 15 octobre
2018.
Le
colonel Joshi est entré au service des Forces canadiennes en 1990 et il a obtenu
le grade actuel en septembre 2009. Au début de sa carrière, le col Joshi a servi
comme juge avocat général adjoint (Halifax) et avocat militaire au Quartier
général de la Défense nationale dans de nombreux domaines de droit, dont les
ressources humaines, la rémunération et les avantages sociaux, les pensions, les
finances et la rédaction législative. À l’époque où il était lieutenant-colonel,
il a été directeur – Services législatifs et réglementaires, directeur juridique
– Ressources humaines, directeur – Services juridiques des pensions et des
finances, directeur juridique – Rémunération et avantages sociaux et assistant
du juge avocat général adjoint/Opérations. Il a également été l’adjoint spécial
du juge avocat général. Suite à sa promotion au grade de colonel, le col Joshi a
rempli les fonctions de juge avocat général adjoint – Justice militaire et droit administratif. Il est actuellement juge avocat général adjoint – Droit
administratif, une position qu’il a occupé pour 9 ans.
Le
col Joshi a été affecté à de multiples opérations des Forces canadiennes. En
1996, major Joshi a été stationné en Haïti à titre de conseiller juridique du
commandant du contingent canadien, MANUH. En 2002, le lieutenant-colonel Joshi a
été déployé au quartier général (QG) de la Force de stabilisation (SFOR) en
Bosnie, en qualité de conseiller juridique du commandant de la SFOR. En 2007, le
lieutenant-colonel Joshi a été déployé à Kaboul, en Afghanistan où il a
travaillé pendant un an avec l’équipe consultative stratégique – Afghanistan. À
ce titre, il conseillait le ministre de la Justice de l’Afghanistan et offrait
du mentorat aux cadres supérieurs du Ministère. Le col Joshi a reçu la Médaille du service méritoire pour le travail accompli en Afghanistan. En 2013, il a été
nommé officier de l'Ordre du Mérite militaire. En 2014, on lui a conféré le
titre de conseil de la Reine.
Le
col Joshi est titulaire d’un baccalauréat en administration de l’Université
d’Ottawa, d’un baccalauréat en droit de l’école de droit Osgoode Hall et d’une
maîtrise en rédaction législative de l’Université d’Ottawa. Il a terminé une
formation avancée en gestion stratégique des ressources humaines à l’École de
gestion Rotman (Université de Toronto) et il détient le titre de juriste
d’entreprise agréé – Canada.
La
contribution du colonel Joshi aux FAC et au bien-être de ses membres va bien
plus loin que son leadership et la provision de conseils juridiques pour le
compte du bureau du JAG. Il est depuis longtemps impliqué dans le programme
sportif des FAC comme supporteur. Récemment, il a servi comme défendeur du
programme de squash et comme directeur adjoint de délégation aux jeux mondiaux
du CISM en Corée du Sud en 2015. De plus, pendant 6 ans il a occupé la fonction
de défendeur des minorités visibles de la RCN.
Suite
à sa libération des FAC, il occupera les fonctions de directeur général
opérations et de directeur juridique pour le Comité externe d’examen des griefs
militaires. Lui et sa femme Sue demeureront dans la région d’Ottawa et leur
fille Danielle continuera ses études à Hamilton.
Une
cérémonie informelle aura lieu le 29 août 2018 de 1300 à 1600 au mess des
officiers de l’armée d’Ottawa, 149 rue Somerset Ouest. À cette occasion, amis et
collègues auront l’opportunité de souligner la fin du service militaire d’un
officier extraordinaire.
La
cérémonie officielle aura lieu lors du dîner régimentaire du bureau du JAG le 14
février 2019 au Fairmont Château Laurier, 1 rue Rideau, Ottawa.
___________"Notes, materials, slides and
resources that were used, prepared or relied upon by Col Vihar
Joshi for his appearance at the CBA Conference titled "Canada's
Military Citizens: The Intersection of Military and Civilian
Laws", held 1 Dec 11 at CFB Stadacona, all disclosed, 14 pages,
completed Access to Information Requests, April 2012, request
number A-2011-01624; see http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/transparency-access-info-privacy/2012-completed-requests.page,
accessed 17 February 2015;
Image source: https://www.google.com (accessed 10 May 2018) ___________Notes on Colonel Joshi (source: email from JAG, 12
December 2014):
Yesterday, the
Government of Canada recognized seven lawyers in the
federal public service as Queen's Counsel (Q.C.). Formally
styled "Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the law," the
federal Q.C. honours lawyers who demonstrate exemplary service to the Canadian justice system.
The individuals
receiving this honour are members of the federal public
service who have demonstrated leadership in their professional lives, raised esteem for the legal
profession, and made outstanding contributions to the
development of the law.
Colonel Vihar
Joshi, Deputy Judge Advocate General, Administrative
Law, Canadian Armed Forces
Colonel Joshi is
Canada's leading authority on military administrative
law. Throughout his career, he has been involved in such
key files as the drafting of the Anti-Terrorism Act
(2001) and the Canadian Armed Forces' first pension plan
for Reserve Force personnel. He has also made important
contributions as a legal adviser on operational matters,
including in Haiti, Bosnia and Afghanistan, for which he
received honour and recognition (Meritorious Service
Medal in 2010, Officer of the Order of Military Merit in
2014).
Le
gouvernement du Canada reconnaît hier sept avocats de la
fonction publique en leur conférant le titre de conseiller
de la reine (c.r.). Auparavant appelé « conseiller de Sa
Majesté en loi », le titre fédéral de c.r. rend hommage à
des avocats qui offrent des services exemplaires au
système de justice canadien.
Le titre
de conseiller de la reine est conféré à des avocats du
secteur public fédéral qui font preuve de leadership dans
leur vie professionnelle, rehaussent l'estime dont jouit
la profession juridique et contribuent de manière
exceptionnelle à l'évolution du droit.
Colonel
Vihar Joshi, juge-avocat général adjoint, Droit
administratif, Forces armées canadiennes
Le
colonel Joshi est une sommité canadienne en droit
administratif militaire. Au cours de sa carrière, il s'est
occupé de dossiers importants comme la rédaction de la Loi
antiterroriste (2001)
et l'élaboration du premier régime de pension des Forces
armées canadiennes pour le personnel de la Force de
réserve. À titre de conseiller juridique, il a également
apporté une importante contribution à des questions opérationnelles, notamment à Haïti, en Bosnie et en
Afghanistan, contribution pour laquelle il s'est mérité la
Médaille de service méritoire en 2010 et a été nommé
officier de l'Ordre du mérite militaire en 2014.
___________on JOSHI, Lieutenant-Colonel Vihar, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at p. 178, available at
103-242;
___________Should
regulations made under Section 12 of the National Defence
Act continue to be exempt from the procedural requirements
relating to the making of subordinate legislation in Canada,
Master's essay for LL.M. degree / mémoire de
maîtrise en droit pour le grade LL.M., University of Ottawa, 2007;
apparently the paper deals with national security and
counter-terrorism; on lit que ce mémoire de maitrise n'est pas
disponible pour consultation, voir "Liste des mémoires de maïtrise
et thèses de doctorat acceptés en 1999", (Automne 1999) 59 Revue du Barreau 757 à la p.
758; note: DCL Paper, University of Ottawa Faculty of Law 1998;
Vihar Joshi,
__________testimony before the House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform, 25 October 2016 (42nd Parliament, 1st session), available at http://www.parl.gc.ca/Committees/en/ERRE/Meetings (accessed 27 October 2016);
JOURNAL DU BARREAU DU QUÉBEC, "Recensions juridiques --Les avocats militaires: Colonel (retraité) R. Arthur McDonald, Les avocats militaires du Canada,
Défense nationale, Cabinet du juge-avocat général, Ottawa, Ministère
des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux du Canada, 2002, 263
pages", Journal du Barreau du Québec, volume 35, numéro 13, 1er août 2003; disponible à http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/journal/vol35/no13/recensions.html (vérifié 20 octobre 2015);
Assistance to Law Enforcement Agencies / Mr Fensom Assistance aux agences de maintien de l’ordre
Case Study: OP PODIUM /Étude de cas : Opération Mr Fensom PODIUM
Use of Force in Domestic Operations / Emploi Mr Fensom de la force au cours d’opérations domestiques
Military Police Jurisdiction / La compétence Maj Pawlowski de la police militaire
Administrative Law on Deployment / Le droit administratif Maj Pawlowski dans le cadre d’un déploiement
Military Justice Issues/ Questions liées à la justice militaire Maj Pawlowski
CF Armed Assistance Directive (CFAAD) and Maj Clute Introduction to NCTP / IAAFC et présentation du PNCT
Introduction to ROE Handbook and assignment read-in / Maj Clute Introduction au RE et lecture de l’exercice
CF Routine Activities ROE / Règles d’engagement Maj Drew pour les opérations de routine
Maritime Operations Law / Droit relatif aux opérations Maj Drew maritimes
ROE and the Use of Force in International Operations / Maj Drew RE et l’emploi de la force au cours d’opérations internationales
Naval Operations Assignment / Maj Drew
Travail sur le droit maritime
Use of Force/ ROE assignment /Travail: Emploi de la force Maj Drew et RE
Evidentiary Issues and Post-Operations Procedures / LCdr Levesque Questions relatives à la preuve et procédure post-opérations
Environmental Legal Considerations - Air, Space and Cyberspace LCdr Levesque Operations / Considérations d’ordre juridique propre à l’environnement -
Opérations aériennes, spatiales et cyber spatiales
The Protection of Information / La protection de l’information LCdr Barnet
Environmental Legal Considerations - Land Operations / LCdr Barnet
Considérations
d’ordre juridique propres à l’environnement
- Opérations terrestres
EX SECURUS PATRIA briefing / Briefing : EX SECURUS LCol Waters PATRIA
EX SECURUS PATRIA read-in /Lecture: EX SECURUS LCol Waters PATRIA
Strategic Legal Considerations for International Operations / LCol Waters Considérations stratégiques d’ordre juridique liées aux opérations
internationales
Exercise Able Advocate: Briefing and Orders / Briefing et les LCol Waters orders pour l’exercice Able Advocate
Legal Aspects of Detainee Treatment/ Aspects juridiques LCol Waters liés au traitement des détenus
Intelligence and Information Collection in Operations / Maj Maynard Collecte
d’information et recherche du renseignement dans le cadre d’opérations
Use and Sharing of Intelligence and Information in Domestic Maj Maynard Operations /
Utilisation et partage de l’information et du renseignement dans le
cadre d’opérations domestiques
Task Specific Legal Considerations: NEO, PSO, HA and Maj Maynard Disaster Relief
Operations/Considérations d’ordre juridique liées à la tâche :
opérations d’évacuation de non-combattants, opérations de soutien de la
paix, opérations d’aide humanitaire/ de secours aux sinistrés
CF Operational Planning Process / Processus de planification Maj DeCaluwe opérationnelle des FC
Targeting in CF International Operations / Ciblage- Le droit Maj DeCaluwe (L) relatif à la sélection et à l’engagement de cibles LCdr Levesque (A)
Defence of Canada - International and Continental Alliances / Maj Isenor La défense du Canada - Alliances internationales et continentales
JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL, JAG [Membership] Coins; here is the LIST of
the 306 JAG Officers who have received a JAG coin; list obtained Access
to Information Act letter, file A-2016-01294, dated 7 December 2016];
JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL AND Gorilla Law
Military Legal Officer (reserve or full time)
Published
JAG, Canada
Job description
Legal Officers deliver legal services in the fields of operational law,
international law, training, military personnel law, and military
justice.
The primary responsibilities of a Legal Officer include:
Providing advice on international and domestic law to the commander of a deployed force
Providing general legal advice and services to the commanding officer of a Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Base
Providing advice on operational legal issues at National Defence Headquarters
Representing clients at Court Martial and appearing before the Court Martial Appeal Court
Representing the interests of the CAF and the Department of National Defence (DND) as:
A member of a Canadian delegation negotiating international treaties
A member of the military liaison staff at an allied headquarters
Delivering training on military law and military justice
Current position:00:00:00 Total time:00:03:44
Transcript
Overview
Working environment
Legal Officers are members of the Legal Branch of the CAF. This branch
is commanded by the Judge Advocate General (JAG) that acts as legal
adviser to the Governor General, the Minister of National Defence, the
DND and the CAF in matters relating to military law and administers
military justice in the CAF.
The Office of the JAG provides the military justice system with military
judges, prosecution and defence counsel. A Legal Officer may also work
at the Office of the DND/CAF Legal Adviser, working in such areas as
legislative drafting, pensions, claims and administrative law. A Legal
Officer could also be appointed to the military bench, to serve in the
independent Office of the Chief Military Judge.
Pay and career development
The starting salary for a fully trained Legal Officer is $77,000 per
year; however, depending on previous experience and training the
starting salary may be higher. Regular promotions through the junior
officer ranks take place based on the completion of required training
and on the length of service as an officer.
During the first appointment, a Legal Officer will be expected to
complete Legal Officer Basic Training and Legal Officer Intermediate
Training. Legal Officers who demonstrate the required ability,
dedication and potential are selected for opportunities for career
progression, promotion and advanced training.
Related civilian occupations
Lawyer
Judge
Back to top
Training
Basic military officer qualification
After enrolment, you start basic officer training at the Canadian Forces
Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, for
15 weeks. Topics covered include general military knowledge, the
principles of leadership, regulations and customs of the CAF, basic
weapons handling, and first aid. Opportunities will also be provided to
apply such newly acquired military skills in training exercises
involving force protection, field training, navigation and leadership. A
rigorous physical fitness program is also a vital part of basic
training. Basic officer training is provided in English or French and
successful completion is a prerequisite for further training.
Following basic officer training, official second language training may
be offered to you. Training could take from two to nine months to
complete depending on your ability in your second language.
Professional training
During the first posting, Legal Officers are expected to complete all
Legal Officer basic occupational training which will allow you to work
in the varied areas of employment within the Office of the JAG.
Specialty training
Legal Officers may be offered the opportunity to develop specialized
skills through formal courses and on-the-job training, including
graduate degrees.
Back to top
Entry plans
Now hiring: we are now accepting applications for this job through direct entry.
Direct entry
All Legal Officers must be admitted to the Bar of a Canadian province or
territory, and be a member in good standing of a provincial or
territorial law society.
If you have graduated within the last two years, you must have practice
experience within the last two years. This experience may include clinic
work or articling experience under the supervision of a licensed lawyer
in Canadian Criminal Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Labour
and Employment Law or Human Rights Law.
If it has been more than two years since you graduated from Law School,
you must have practised law on a full-time basis in Canada since
graduation. If you have not worked as a lawyer since law school and you
graduated more than two years ago, you may have your legal experience
evaluated by the Office of the JAG to determine suitability. This will
be done after you have applied to the CAF.
Basic training and military officer qualification training are required before being assigned.
Back to top
Part-time option
This occupation is available part-time within the following environments: Navy, Army, Air Force
Serve with the Reserve Force
This position is available for part-time employment with the Primary
Reserve at certain locations across Canada. Reserve Force members
usually serve part time with a military unit in their community, and may
serve while going to school or working at a civilian job. They are paid
during their training. They are not posted or required to do a military
move. However, they can volunteer to move to another base. They may
also volunteer for deployment on a military mission within or outside
Canada.
Part-time employment
Legal Officers may serve with the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army
or the Royal Canadian Air Force as members of the Legal branch of the
CAF. They are employed to deliver legal services in the fields of
operational law, international law, military personnel law, military
administrative law and military justice. Those employed on a part-time
or casual full-time basis usually serve at military bases, wings, home
ports and units at locations within Canada.
Reserve Force training
Reserve Force members are trained to the same level as their Regular
Force counterparts. They usually begin training with the Office of the
JAG to ensure that they meet the required basic professional military
standards. Following basic officer training, the home unit will arrange
for specialized skills training. Applicants with a university degree in
law (LL.L, LL.B. or J.D.) may be placed directly into the required
on-the-job training program following basic training.
Working environment
Reserve Force members usually serve part-time with their home unit for
scheduled evenings and weekends, although they may also serve in
full-time positions at some units for fixed terms, depending on the type
of work that they do. They are paid 85 percent of Regular Force rates
of pay, receive a reasonable benefits package and may qualify to
contribute to a pension plan. APPLY HERE
---------------
Avocat(e) militaire (réserviste ou temps plein)
Publié
JAG, Canada
Les avocats militaires fournissent des services juridiques en matière
de droit opérationnel, de droit international, de formation, de droit
du personnel militaire et de justice militaire.
Ils ont comme principale fonction d’exercer le droit en milieu militaire, notamment :
Prestation de conseils en matière de droit international et de droit interne au commandant d’une force en déploiement
Prestation de conseils et de services juridiques généraux au commandant d’une base des Forces armées canadiennes (FAC)
Prestation de conseils sur des questions juridiques d’ordre opérationnel au quartier général de la Défense nationale
Représentation de clients devant une cour martiale et devant la cour d’appel de la cour martiale
Représentation des intérêts des FAC et du ministère de la Défense
nationale (MDN), à titre de membre d’une délégation canadienne négociant
des traités internationaux ou de membre du personnel de liaison
militaire dans un quartier général allié
Environnement de travail
Les avocats militaires sont des officiers de la Branche des services
juridiques des FAC, qui est commandée par le Juge-avocat général (JAG).
Celui-ci agit comme conseiller juridique du gouverneur général, du
ministre de la Défense nationale, du MDN et des FAC pour les questions
de droit militaire et surveille l’administration de la justice militaire
dans les FAC.
Le Bureau du JAG offre à l’appareil de justice militaire le personnel
qualifié dont il a besoin, notamment des juges militaires, des avocats
de la poursuite et des procureurs de la défense. Les avocats militaires
peuvent aussi être affectés au Cabinet de la Conseillère juridique
auprès du MDN et des FAC, où ils travaillent dans des domaines comme la
rédaction de lois, les pensions, les réclamations et le droit
administratif. Plus tard au cours de leur carrière, les avocats
militaires pourraient être nommés à la magistrature militaire et servir
au sein du Cabinet du Juge militaire en chef, qui est indépendant.
Solde et perfectionnement professionnel
Le salaire de départ pour un avocat entièrement formé est de 77 000 $
par année. Cependant, en fonction de l’expérience et de la formation
antérieures, le salaire de départ pourrait être plus élevé. Pendant les
différents échelons des officiers subalternes, des promotions régulières
ont lieu fondées sur l’achèvement de la formation requise et la durée
du service en tant qu’officier.
Durant leur première affectation, les avocats militaires doivent
suivre la Formation élémentaire des avocats et la Formation
intermédiaire des avocats. Les avocats qui manifesteront le dévouement,
les aptitudes et les prédispositions nécessaires auront accès à des
possibilités d’avancement, de promotion et de perfectionnement.
Emplois civils équivalents
Avocat
Juge
Formation
Qualification militaire de base des officiers (QMBO)
Après votre enrôlement, vous commencerez la qualification militaire
de base des officiers de 15 semaines à l’École de leadership et de
recrues des Forces canadiennes de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, au Québec.
Les sujets abordés comprennent les connaissances militaires générales,
les principes du leadership, les règlements et coutumes des FAC, le
maniement des armes de base et les premiers soins. Vous aurez la
possibilité de mettre en application les compétences militaires
nouvellement acquises dans le cadre d’exercices d’entraînement portant
sur la protection de la force, l’instruction appliquée, la navigation et
le leadership. Vous participerez également à un programme rigoureux de
sports et de conditionnement physique. Le cours de QMBO est offert en
anglais ou en français et sa réussite constitue un préalable à la
poursuite de l’instruction.
À la suite de la formation de base des officiers, une formation en
seconde langue officielle peut vous être offerte. La formation peut
durer de deux à neuf mois selon vos compétences en langue seconde.
Instruction professionnelle
Pendant votre première affectation, vous devrez terminer toute
l’instruction professionnelle de base qui vous permettra de travailler
dans les différents domaines liés au groupe du JAG.
Instruction spécialisée
Vous pourriez avoir la possibilité d’acquérir des compétences
spécialisées par l’intermédiaire de cours magistraux ou d’une formation
en cours d’emploi.
Programmes d’enrôlement
Nous embauchons : nous acceptons actuellement les candidatures pour ce poste par le biais de l’enrôlement direct.
Enrôlement direct
Tous les avocats militaires doivent être admis au barreau d’une
province ou d’un territoire canadien, et être membre en règle d’une
association professionnelle des avocats d’une province ou d’un
territoire.
Si vous avez obtenu votre diplôme au cours des deux dernières années,
vous devez posséder de l’expérience pratique au cours de ces deux
dernières années. Cette expérience peut comprendre du travail dans une
clinique d’aide juridique ou une période de stage sous la supervision
d’un avocat agréé en droit pénal canadien, en droit international, en
droit administratif, en droit du travail et de l’emploi ou en droit de
la personne.
Si vous avez obtenu votre diplôme de la faculté de droit depuis plus
de deux ans, vous devez avoir pratiqué le droit à temps plein au Canada
depuis l’obtention de votre grade. Si vous n’avez pas travaillé comme
avocat depuis la faculté de droit et que vous avez obtenu votre diplôme
depuis plus de deux ans, votre expérience juridique pourrait être
évaluée par le Cabinet du JAG afin de déterminer votre admissibilité.
Cette démarche sera faite après que vous aurez fait votre demande
d’enrôlement dans les FAC.
L’instruction de base et la qualification militaire de base des
officiers doivent être réussies avant que le candidat soit affecté.
Option temps partiel
Ce métier est disponible à temps partiel au sein des environnements suivants : Marine, Armée, Force aérienne
Servir dans la Force de réserve
Cette possibilité d’emploi à temps partiel est offerte auprès de la
Première réserve, à certains endroits au Canada. En règle générale, les
membres de la Force de réserve servent à temps partiel au sein d’une
unité militaire dans leur communauté et peuvent effectuer leur service
pendant qu’ils sont aux études ou qu’ils occupent un emploi civil. Ils
sont payés durant leur instruction. Ils ne sont pas assujettis aux
affectations ni aux déménagements militaires. Toutefois, ils peuvent se
porter volontaires pour déménager à une autre base ou pour être déployés
au Canada ou à l’étranger dans le cadre de missions militaires.
Emploi à temps partiel
Les avocats peuvent servir auprès de la Marine royale canadienne, de
l’Armée canadienne ou de l’Aviation royale canadienne, au sein des
services juridiques des FAC. Leur responsabilité consiste à fournir des
services juridiques dans les domaines du droit opérationnel, du droit
international, du droit concernant le personnel militaire, droit
administratif militaire et de la justice militaire. Lorsqu’ils sont
employés à temps partiel ou à titre d’occasionnels à temps plein, ils
effectuent habituellement leur service dans des bases, des escadres, des
ports d’attache ou des unités militaires à différents endroits au
Canada.
Instruction de la Force de réserve
Les membres de la Force de réserve reçoivent le même niveau
d’instruction que leurs homologues de la Force régulière. Ils commencent
généralement leur instruction avec le bureau du JAG, pour s’assurer
qu’ils répondent aux normes militaires professionnelles de base. Après
l’instruction de base destinée aux officiers, l’unité d’attache
s’occupera de prévoir l’instruction permettant l’acquisition des
compétences spécialisées. Les candidats qui détiennent un diplôme
universitaire en droit (LL.L, LL.B. ou J.D.) pourront passer directement
au programme de formation en cours d’emploi à la suite de l’instruction
de base.
Environnement de travail
En règle générale, les membres de la Force de réserve effectuent leur
service à temps partiel au sein de leur unité d’attache, le soir et la
fin de semaine, suivant un horaire établi. Toutefois, ils peuvent
également effectuer leur service en occupant des postes à temps plein au
sein de certaines unités pour des périodes déterminées, selon la nature
des tâches à exécuter. Ils reçoivent 85 pour cent du taux de
rémunération de la Force régulière, ont droit à des avantages sociaux
raisonnables et peuvent être admissibles à contribuer à un régime de
pension. POSTULEZ ICI
------------------------------- John McKiggan, the lawyer Jack Julian, the CBC journalist (source:cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/nova-scotia/cbc-nova-scotia-personalities-1.3521580, accessed 1 April 2017)) source:apmlawyers.com/team/john-mckiggan-q-c/
A Halifax lawyer [John McKiggan] has launched a class-action lawsuit on behalf of
homosexual members of the Canadian Forces and employees of the
Department of National Defence who say they were targeted by the
military because of their sexual orientation while serving in Atlantic
Canada.
McKiggan believes this lawsuit could serve as a template for a larger national settlement.
He notes that class-action lawsuits have already been filed in other
provinces for discrimination faced by homosexual military members,
federal civil servants and the RCMP.
"The nature of the discrimination and the practices are very clearly
identified within the military, so I think using the military claims as a
stepping stone to a resolution of the broader claims is a manageable way to address it with the courts," he said.
JULIANI, T J. (Tony Joseph), 1950-, and C.K. (Charles
Kenneth) Talbot, Military Justice: A Selected Annotated
Bibliography, Ottawa : CRIMCARE, c1981, xii, 71 leaves
(series; A CRIMCARE publication), ISBN: 0919395007;
mostly non-Canadian references; at pp. vii and ix-xi, the authors
point out the difficulty of making research on Canadian military
law; copy of this book at the Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa;
copy at University of Ottawa, Library Annex, KE 7160 .A1
J845 1981;
JUNEAU, Joshua, "Like throwing darts at a dartboard : the
promotion system at the Department of National Defence, and the
interplay between the Canadian Forces Grievance Board and the
Chief of the Defence Staff", (May/Mai 2012) Sword& Scale -- Salut militaire;
available at http://www.cba.org/cba/newsletters-sections/2012/PrintHTML.aspx?DocId=48115
(accessed on 6
May 2012); FRANÇAIS: JUNEAU, Joshua M., "Comme des fléchettes lancées sur
une cible : Le système de promotion du ministère de la Défense et
l'interaction entre le Comité des griefs des FC et le chef de
l'état-major de la Défense", (May/Mai 2012) Sword& Scale -- Salut militaire;
disponible à http://www.cba.org/abc/nouvelles-sections/2012/2012-05_military.aspx#article1
(site visité le 6 mai 2012);
___________"Outgoing JAG firing blanks at critics", The Hill's Times, Monday 15 May 2017;
Le jeune homme [Marc-André Ferron] originaire de Repentigny se lance alors en droit, à
l’Université de Sherbrooke. Barreau 2011, il fait ensuite une maîtrise en droit international. C’est là que ses professeurs lui parlent du
juge-avocat général, le JAG, dans les Forces armées canadiennes.
Après avoir travaillé au DPCP et au Tribunal spécial pour le Liban à La
Haye, le Capitaine Ferron pose sa candidature pour entrer dans les
Forces armées en 2014. Ce n’est qu’en janvier 2016 qu’il est enrôlé.
Image source: amazon.ca/Tribe-Homecoming-Belonging-Sebastian-Junger/dp/1455566381, accessed 16 October 2018
JUNGER, Sebastian, Tribe: On Homecoming and Belonging, Toronto: Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., 2016, 192 p., ISBN:9781443449588, ISBN 10: 144344958X;
About the Book
Sebastian Junger, the bestselling author of War and The Perfect Storm,
takes a critical look at post-traumatic stress disorder and the many
challenges today’s returning veterans face in modern society.
There
are ancient tribal human behaviors-loyalty, inter-reliance,
cooperation-that flare up in communities during times of turmoil and
suffering. These are the very same behaviors that typify good soldiering
and foster a sense of belonging among troops, whether they’re fighting
on the front lines or engaged in non-combat activities away from the
action. Drawing from history, psychology, and anthropology, bestselling
author Sebastian Junger shows us just how at odds the structure of
modern society is with our tribal instincts, arguing that the difficulties many veterans face upon returning home from war do not stem
entirely from the trauma they’ve suffered, but also from the
individualist societies they must reintegrate into.
A 2011 study
by the Canadian Forces and Statistics Canada reveals that 78 percent of
military suicides from 1972 to the end of 2006 involved veterans. Though
these numbers present an implicit call to action, the government is only just taking steps now to address the problems veterans face when
they return home. But can the government ever truly eliminate the
challenges faced by returning veterans? Or is the problem deeper, woven
into the very fabric of our modern existence? Perhaps our circumstances
are not so bleak, and simply understanding that beneath our modern
guises we all belong to one tribe or another would help us face not just
the problems of our nation but of our individual lives as well.
Well-researched
and compellingly written, this timely look at how veterans react to
coming home will reconceive our approach to veteran’s affairs and help
us to repair our current social dynamic. [source: https://www.harpercollins.ca/9781443449588/tribe/, accessed 16 October 2018]
KALWAHALI, Kakule, The Crimes Committed by UN Peacekeepers in
Africa: A reflection on jurisdictional and accountability Issues,
Doctor of Laws thesis, University of South Africa, 2013, xvii, 404
leaves, promoter: Professor Charnelle Van Der Bijl; available
at http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/9950/thesis_kalwahali_k.pdf?sequence=1
(accessed on 10 August 2013); deals with Somalia and the Canadian
Forces;
Abstract
This thesis investigates both
substantive and procedural issues pertaining to allegations of
crimes committed by UN peacekeepers in three African countries,
Somalia, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Under the
current UN Model Status-of-Forces Agreements, criminal
jurisdiction over peacekeepers rests with their sending States. However, although the UN has no criminal jurisdiction, it has been
the Office of Internal Oversight Services that has conducted
investigations. It is argued that every Status of Force Agreement
and every Memorandum of Understanding should contain specific
clauses obligating Troop-Contributing Countries to prosecute and
the UN to follow-up. If rape, murder, assault, and any other
crimes by UN peacekeepers go unpunished, the message sent to the
victims is that peacekeepers are above the law. Rape is the most
commonly committed crime by peacekeepers, but is usually
considered as an isolated act. The procedural issue of prosecuting
peacekeepers is investigated in order to establish whether troops can be caught under the ambits of the criminal law of the Host
State to hold UN troops criminally accountable for their acts. The
laws relative to the elements of each crime and the possible
available defences under the three Host States, and the criminal
law of South Africa as a Troop-Contributing Country, are
discussed. The apparent lack of prosecution is investigated and
existing cases of prosecution discussed. Alternatives to the
unwillingness by States with criminal jurisdiction under the
Status of Forces Agreement or under the Memorandum of
Understanding are considered. Considering the current rules
related to crimes committed by peacekeepers, the argument put
forward is that crimes by peacekeepers must be dealt with
completely and transparently though a Convention aiming at barring
Troop- Contributing Countries who do not meet their obligations
under international law from participating in future operations of
peace. This thesis, furthermore, suggests a tripartite court
mechanism to fill the lacunae in the law relating to the
prosecution of peacekeepers. It considers the issues of reserving
jurisdiction over peacekeepers to the Troop-Contributing Countries
which are reluctant to prosecute repatriated alleged perpetrators.
The victims’ importance in criminal proceedings and their their
right to a remedy are highlighted. [source: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/9950]
Dieudonné Kandolo; source de l'image:cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ democratic-republic-congo-violence-canadian-government-1.3870064
KANDOLO, Dieudonné, Capitaine, avocat militaire, membre du cabinet du Juge-avocat général; dans l'arrêt Monette J.F. (Soldat), R. c., 2011 CM 1007 (CanLII), <https://www.canlii.org/fr/ca/cm/doc/2011/2011cm1007/2011cm1007.html>, le capitaine Kandolo fait partie de l'équipe de la poursuite;
Image source: canadianlawyermag.com/legalfeeds/blog/Alexia-Kapralos.html, accessed 8 July 2017 Alexia Kapralos KAPRALOS, Alexia, "First female judge advocate general appointed to Canadian Armed Forces", Legal Feeds, the Blog of Canadian Lawyer & Law Times, 28 June 2017; available at http://www.canadianlawyermag.com/legalfeeds/alexia-kapralos.html (accessed 8 July 2017);
Being the first woman to occupy this role, Bernatchez says that this
sends a clear signal to the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of
National Defence but also to women and girls across Canada and
worldwide.
“We are now at a time in our history where the
contributions of women, their vision, their talents, are welcomed and
that if they dare dream big, if they dare to give it their all, there is
an opportunity for them to be recognized and occupy the most important positions in our Canadian institutions,” says Bernatchez.
--8th Judge Advocate General, 1982-1986
KARWANDY, Frank, 1927-2016, notes on,
Born in Neidpath, Saskatchewan, in 1927, Frank Karwandy
came from a family with roots in the Austro-Hungarian
Empire. Keen on education, his father served as a councillor
and reeve in the Municipality of Lawtonia. Frank was
educated locally in one and two room schools, in high school
in Herbert, Saskatchewan, and came to UBC in 1947 to study
History, English, and French. He entered UBC law school in
1949, when he was twenty-one.
He recalls his years at UBC law school with affection.
"Four of us banded together," he says. "Bill Quinn, Roland
Barnes, Al MacDonnell, and myself. Law classes were in the
morning, and we met in the afternoons and talked about our
classes and cases. We'd say, 'What did you think?' and, 'How
important is such-and-such a case?" The four of us stayed
together for the three years of law school. Law School was
difficult! But not so much academically: the main problem
was the amount of work and remembering case names. There
were so many cases! The library was quiet and I used to stay
there until 9 at night. Of the four of us, Bill, who was
also from Saskatchewan, moved to Alberta and practiced law there; Roland went into the Royal Canadian Navy legal
branch; and Al, who was from Vernon, practiced in Prince
Rupert and became a judge in the Supreme Court of British
Columbia. I was in the same class as Mary Southin and
Patricia Proudfoot [nee Fahlman], both of whom became well-known judges in British Columbia."
Karwandy enrolled in the Canadian Officers" Training Corps
(COTC) at UBC in 1950, spent the summers training, and
enlisted in the Regular Army prior to the third year of law
school. Upon graduation, he was posted to The Lord
Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) in Calgary. In 1955, he
gained admission to the BC Law Society and obtained his
articles with the Burnaby law firm of Hean, Wylie and Hyde.
"Burnaby was being developed so it was primarily real
estate," he recalls. "I did a lot of title searches!"
His combination of legal and military training made
Karwandy an ideal candidate for the Office of the Judge
Advocate General (JAG), which he joined in 1956. This office
provides legal advice to the senior and commanding officers
of the Canadian Forces. JAG officers also serve as prosecuting and defending officers at General Courts
Martial, which deal with serious military offences, and at
Disciplinary Courts Martial, which deal with less serious
military offences. Additionally, legal officers provide a
limited legal aid service to all members of the Forces involving such matters as marital problems and landlord and
tenant issues. Karwandy was stationed in Canada and in
Germany and saw service in Cyprus and France. In 1982, he
was promoted to Brigadier General and appointed Judge
Advocate General of the Canadian Forces. He retired from the
Forces in 1987 and now lives in Surrey, BC, with his wife
Esther.
____________on Karwandy, Frank, see Koring, Paul, "Soldier may lose Charter rights overseas", The Globe and Mail, 29 December 1988, at p. A9; on the homicide charge against Cpl. Pépin committed in Humgary; defence counsel was LCol Alain Ménard; the Judge-Advocatde was Col Pierre Boutet;
excerpt only
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 27 May 2019
Image source: back dust jacket of: McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, x, 242 p., ISBN: 0662321928; Frank Karwandy ___________ Orbituary, born 16 September 1927 Neidpath, Saskatchewan - died 26 September 2016, White Rock, B.C,
Brigadier
General (retired) Frank Karwandy, LLB, CDQC, was born September 16,
1927 in Neidpath, Saskatchewan. He died on September 26, 2016 in White
Rock, B.C. Frank received his LLB in 1952 from the University of British
Columbia, whereupon he joined the Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal
Canadians) in Calgary. Frank married the love of his life, Esther
Ludwig, in 1954 in her home town of Winnipeg. They had met as students
at the University of British Columbia, Frank completing his law degree and Esther her postgraduate nursing degree. In 1956 Frank and Esther
returned to B.C. where Frank was called to the B.C. Bar. From May of
1956 until his retirement in 1986, Frank served as a legal officer in
Canada's armed forces. His career took Frank and Esther to Edmonton,
Halifax, Fredericton, Winnipeg, and Ottawa, as well as to Soest,
Germany. In 1982, Frank was appointed to the office of Judge Advocate
General and was awarded the CD Queen's Counsel. In 1987, Frank and
Esther retired to White Rock, B.C. In 1994, Brigadier General Karwandy
was awarded the Special Service Medal in recognition of his service in
support of NATO. Frank was predeceased by his parents, Rosina and Frank Karwandy, his brothers John and Walter, sisters-in-law Margaret
Karwandy, Ethel Ludwig and Leya Ludwig, brother-in-law Bobby Ludwig, and
nieces Leone Karwandy-Hagel and Joanie Ludwig. Frank leaves his
beloved wife Esther, siblings Nick (Florence), Rose (Bill), William,
Kathy (Archie), brother-in-law Jack Ludwig, many nieces, nephews, and
great-nieces and great-nephews. Frank will be remembered for his love
of family and for his contribution to Canada. (source: http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestarphoenix/obituary.aspx?n=frank-karwandy&pid=181895903&fhid=5869, accessed 13 October 2016)
____________Research note: Brigadier Karwandy testified before Judge Deschênes' Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals in Canada; see article by OZIEWICZ, Stanley, "Jewish group given standing at hearings on war criminals", The Globe and Mail, 11 April 1985, at p.1; I am sure that there is a transcript of the proceedings;
Late yesterday afternoon, Brigadier Frank Karwandy, the Judge Advocate-General of the Canadian Forces, began the commission's examination of the role played by the army in the investigation and prosecution of war criminals after the Second World War.
____________Research note on 14 June 2018: see note 68 in TRUDEL, Maryse, Le paradoxe de la politique canadienne visant l'impunité des criminels de guerre,
Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de
l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (L.L.M.), juin 2005, 237 p.;
disponible à https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1866/2416/11634505.PDF?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (consulté le 14 juin 2018):
68, KARWANDY, Rapport du service d'enquête canadien no I sur les crimes de guerre, Compte rendu, vol. II, mars 1946, p. 140, cité dans COMMISSION D'ENQUÊTE SUR LES CRIMINELS DE GUERRE [Rapport partie I: publique, 1986], op. cit., note 27, p. 27.
__________see also on KARWANDY, Brigadier-General Frank, McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at pp. 126-128 and 132, available at
103-242;
____________testimony of Col Karwandy before: PARLIAMENT, Senate of Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Proceedings of the Subcommittee on National Defence,
Tuesday, 19 May 1981 (32nd Parl., 1980-81, First Session), issue No.
17, 34 pages (Chairman: The Honourable Paul C. Lafond), witnesses before
the Subcommitte were Gen R.M. Withers, Chief of the Defence Staff; MGen
John P. Wolfe, Judge Advocate General, BGen R.G. Therriault, Director
General, Personnel Careers Officers; and Col F. Karwandy, Deputy Judge
Advocate General/Advisory, available at http://www.lareau-legal.ca/Karwandy18aa1.pdf for most of the pages and http://www.lareau-legal.ca/Karwandy18aa2.pdf for pages 19 and 31 (resolving these two pages problems); on the proposed Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Canadian Human Rights Act
and the proposed amendments; copy at the Brian Dickson Law Library,
University of Ottawa, FTX Parliamentary Documents, CA1 YC23 F53,
consulted on 28 May 2018; put on line on 29 May 2018; FRANÇAIS: ___________témoignange du Colonel Karwandy devant: PARLEMENT, Sénat du Canada, Comité sénatorial permanent des affaires étrangères, Délibérations du sous-comité sur la Défense nationale,
mardi le 19 mai 1981 (32e législature, 1980-81, Première session),
fascicule no 17, 34 pages (Président L'honorable Paul C. Lafond), les
témoins devant le sous-comité sont: Gén R.M. Withers, chef de
l'état-major de la défense; Mgen John P. Wolfe, juge-avocat général;
Bgen R.G. Therriault, directeur général, Carrièeres militaires
(Officiers); et Col F. Karwandy, juge-avocat général
adjoint/consultations, disponible à http://www.lareau-legal.ca/Karwandy18aa1.pdf pour la plupart des pages et http://www.lareau-legal.ca/Karwandy18aa2.pdf pour les pages 19 et 31 (corrections de erreurs pour ces deux pages); sujet: la proposée Charte des droits et libertés et la Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne
et les modifications qu'on propose d'y apporter; copie de ce document à
la Bibliothèque Brian Dickson,Université d'Ottawa, FTX Parliamentary
Documents, CA1 YC23
F53, consulté le 28 mai 2018; mis en ligne le 29 mai 2018;
____________testimony of Colonel Karwandy before the Senate sub-committee on National Defence that eventually made its report in January 1982, see "Need for discipline and order cited Military to seek exemptions from rights charter", The Globe and Mail, 10 March 1982, at p. 8;
Col. Karwandy told senators that allies could refuse to share secrets if
Canada enlisted people of any
political belief; that homosexuals are
open to blackmail and could undermine morale; and that there
would be a
severe risk by allowing emotionally handicapped people to have access to
weapons and
explosives. ''Accordingly, there would appear to be little
if any place, either now or in the future, for
a person to acquire a
career in the Armed Forces who does not possess high physical, mental
and
emotional qualities and capabilities.''
____________ testimony of BGen Karwandy before Standing Committee on
Justice and Legal Affairs, 25 April 1985, on Bill C-27, an Act to amend certain Acts with regard to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedonns;
Image source: www.cbc.ca/ottawa/features/capitalkicks/bloggers.html, accessed 21 May 2017 Ashifa Kassam KASSAM, Ashifa, " 'React first': Canadian army issues guide to dealing with child soldiers. Military doctrine is first in world that attempts to help troops deal with issue that can inflict deep psychological wounds", The Guardian, 19 May 2017; available at https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/may/19/canadian-army-guide-dealing-child-soldiers-react-first (accessed 21 May 2017);
KASURAK, Peter, " Civilianization and the Military Ethos: Civil-Military Relations in Canada", (1982) 25 Canadian Public Administration 108-129; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (5 April 2018);
Photo of Peter Kasurak: http://ca.linkedin.com/pub/peter-kasurak/10/384/ab6,
accessed on 10 November 2014
___________ "Concepts of Professionalism in the Canadian Army,
1946-2000: Regimentalism, Reaction, and Reform", (January 2011)
37(1) Armed Forces and Society
95-118;
Abstract
During World War II the Canadian Army was a small cadre force
augmented by citizen volunteers. It was a colonial institution,
dependent on the British Army for doctrine and staff training.
After the war, the army became involved in a lengthy struggle to
define its concept of professionalism. Modernizers aimed for a
well-educated officer corps that was integrated with other elites
and able to influence national security policy. Traditionalists
wished to preserve regimental traditions and leadership based on
social class. Contention between these factions resulted in
stalemate, with modern management undercut by internal politics.
The result was the failure of professional norms in the 1993
Somalia operation. Subsequent reforms have put a modern
“constabulary-realist” model of professionalism in place. (source:
http://afs.sagepub.com/content/37/1/95.abstract,
accessed on 1 January 2012)
KELLY, Gloria, “RMC-led team win international competition”, (11
May 2005) 8(18) The Maple Leaf 4; available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/mdn-dnd/D12-7-8-18.pdf (accessed 25 September 2016); also, with the same title, in (2005) 1 Les actualités JAG Newsletter 11; FRANÇAIS: KELLY, Gloria, "Une équipe du CMR remporte un concours international", (2005) 1 Les actualités JAG Newsletter 11;
KELLY, John J.,"The Prisoner of War Camps in Canada 1939-1945, Thesis (M.A.), University of Windsor, 1977; not consulted yet, source: at p. 132 of https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/5629/Stotz_Robin_Warren_1992_sec.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y , thesis of Robin Warren Stotz, CAMP 132: A GERMAN PRISONER OF WAR CAMP IN A CANADIAN PRAIRIE COMMUNITY DURING WORLD WAR TWO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (accessed 5 February 2019);
KELLY, John Joseph, 1898-1952, former OJAG officer;
A veteran of both wars, he enlisted in November 1915 serving overseas
with the 90th battalion. After being wounded twice, he returned to
Canada in December 1918. He was appointed to the Judge Advocate
General’s Branch during the Second World War and served at C.M.H.Q. in
London and at H.Q. 1st Canadian Army. He retired to the reserve with the
title of Lieutenant-Colonel.
Made a King’s Counsel in 1938, Kelly was a bencher and honorary secretary of the Law Society of Manitoba as well as Vice-Chairman of the Manitoba Power Commission and secretary of the South Winnipeg Liberal Association. He
additionally served as counsel for the International Railway Unions of
Canada as an officer in the Canadian Legion. He was President of the
Crescentwood River Heights Branch of the Canadian Legion and
Vice-President of the Canadian Legion for Manitoba and North-Western Ontario. President of both the Blackstone Club and the Laurier Club, he also belonged to the Canukeena Club, St. Andrews United Church, and the Masons (Ionic Lodge). [Read the rest at: http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/kelly_jj.shtml, accessed 17 October 2017]
___________on KELLY, John Joseph, Captain, was Deputy Judge Advocate, see "Renfrew Officer Promoted", The Globe and Mail, 12 March 1942, at p. 13;
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accessed 25 November 2018
___________on KELLY, J.J., as civilian counsel in court martial referred to in article: "Non-Comissioned Officers Will Be Tried at Winnipeg. Pair Said to
Have Ill-Treated Other Prisoners After Fall of Hong Kong", Hamilton
Spectator, 1946/03/04, available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5134595 (accessed 8 June 2019);
Image source: wikivisually.com/wiki/Mike_Kelly_(Australian_politician), accessed 13 October 2018 Mike Kelly KELLY, Michael Joseph, Lieutenant-Colonel, Public Security in Peace Operations: The Interim Administration of Justice Operations and the Search for a Legal Framework, thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the School of Law of the University of New South Wales, 1998, xxiii, 375 leaves; available at http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawTD/1998/7.pdf (accessed 13 October 2018); discusses Canada;
Abstract This thesis investigates the problem of the maintenance of public security in peace operations by military forces intervening in collapsed or disrupted States pursuant to a UN mandate. At issue is the proper legal framework for dealing with this problem and as a basis for the regulation of the relationship between the civil population and the intervening force. The problem was analysed primarily by using the case study of the UN authorised and commanded operations in Somalia between December 1992 and March 1995, including in particular the experience of the Australian forces which were present in the Bay Province of Somalia as part of these operations. Investigation and research was conducted in Israel, the United States and Canada. Relevant literature, cases and documents were surveyed and utilised, including the author's personal records and Australian Department of Defence files. Interviews were conducted with key personnel with first hand knowledge in the Israeli Defence Force and academic communities, the US Government, Military and NGO communities, the UN, and the Canadian Defence establishment. Conferences were attended which analysed the Somalia experience and aspects of the legal subject matter. The research produced relevant perspectives and reference material to enable a proper theoretical analysis and also the range of practical considerations to which the theory was applied. In this respect the material obtained from the lessons of the NGO and military personnel in Somalia, and the Israeli experience in the occupied territories was particularly instructive. It was concluded that there is a definite need to provide a proper legal framework for interventionary operations where military forces will be dealing with public security issues and that such interventions are likely to continue to occur. It was further concluded that the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 Relative to the Protection of Civilians can applyde jure to many such intervention scenarios, including the Somalia operations at certain stages, and that rather than being feared because of the obligations it imposes, it should be appreciated for the utility it offers. In this respect the Fourth Geneva Convention is the only currently available framework to address the identified need.
De la gauche, Kim Carter, Jean-Gabriel Castel, et Michael Barutciski à la conférence Castel, 15 novembre 2006. KEMENY, Marika, agente de communication de Glendon, d’après les contributions du
professeur Michael Barutciski et des étudiants de sa classe de troisième
année d’études internationales, et par Meagan Ross, coordonnatrice au
développement de Glendon, "L’ombudsman de la Colombie-Britannique [Kim Carter] examine
le rôle du droit international humanitaire lors de la conférence Castel
tenue à Glendon", disponible à http://fricka.glendon.yorku.ca/monglendon.nsf/GLNewsReaderF/9B5290FD81981DC885257236005A7A00?OpenDocument (vérifié le 17 octobre 2016);
Source of image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Kempt, accessed 25 September 2016 James Kempt by William Salter
KEMPT, James, Sir, 1764-1854, Raport du comité spécial [microforme] : auquel a été référé cette
partie de la harangue de Son Excellence relative à l'organization de la
milice, Neison & Cowan, 1829, microfiche number 39980 one to six, location at the Supreme Court of Canada Library: S/R1 (microforms);
source: legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=165538851 William Kenney
KENNEY, W. J. (William Joseph), "History of Defence Legislation in Canada as it Applied to the Army", memorandum 1455-17 (Office of the Judge Advocate General), 13 June 1979, 5 pages ; copy of this memorandum can be found in research file 79/725 at the Directorate of History and Heritage (DHH), Ottawa; available at http://www.lareau-legal.ca/Kenney50.pdf (accessed 24 September 2017);
Colin
Kenny, image source: http://colinkenny.ca/en/p100012 with Google
Image (accessed on 23 January 2015)
KENNY, Colin, 1943-, Parliamentary
Control
and National Defence: The Canadian Experience, Toronto :
Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies = Institut canadien
d'études stratégiques, 1998, 4 p. (series; Strategic Datalink;
number 70);
KENNY, Martin F., Lieutenant-Colonel, lawyer, a member of the OJAG; worked for the Directorate of
Law/Defence and was Counsel for Captain L.M. Paquette in the case of R. v. Captain L.M. Paquette, 1997 CanLII 17819 (CA CM), <http://canlii.ca/t/gtnsg> (accessed 10 May 2018); member of the Law Society of Newfoundfland; works at NDHQ with the OJAG at martin.kenny@forces.gc.ca
Office (613) 992-1127
Cell (613) 608-8937 (information as of 2 July 2018);
___________photo of KENNY, Martin F., Lieutenant-Colonel, see "Office of the JAG@JAGCAFNov 6 [2018 ] LCol Martin Kenny from our AJAG Atlantic office recently spoke at an #IHL panel on Detention and Prohibitions against Torture, Cruel and Unusual Punishment @SchulichLaw, #DalhousieU.", see https://twitter.com/jagcaf (accessed 9 November 2018);
A native of Chatham, ON. the son of the late Judge John G. Kerr. Prior
to the war Douglas [Kerr] practiced law in Chatham for fifteen years. In
1937-38 he served as an alderman in Chatham. The husband of Alma (nee
Watson), they had a daughter born in September of 1944, CDN 4/09/40 and a
son in September 1945. CDN 12/09/45
Being stationed at St. Thomas made it easy for Douglas to get home for a weekend with his family.
Enlisting in the RCAF as a judicial officer in Eastern Air Command he
presided over Courts Martial. Being stationed at St. Thomas made it
easy for Douglas to get home for a weekend with his family. Douglas was
still reported to be serving in St. Thomas with the RCAF and was home
for the weekend with his family at Erieau. CDN 3/08/42. In December 1942 he was reported stationed in Halifax, NS. when he arrived in Chatham to
spend Christmas with his wife and family on Victoria Ave. CDN 18/12/42 Flt. Lieut. Kerr was reported returning to the east coast before New Years. CDN 31/12/4
In August of 1944 he took over the chief legal position in the
Command becoming Judge Advocate General a position he held until his
retirement from the service, with the rank of Wing Commander. It was
reported in the CDN 12/09/42 that F/O Kerr was reassigned to duties in
Halifax and after spending a week at home he departed to the east coast.
He held until this position until his retirement from the service, with the rank of Wing Commander.. CDN 29/08/45(P).
Commander Kerr resumed his civil practice of the law in Chatham in partnership with his brother Col. W. George Kerr KC.
__________on Colonel Bruce MacGregor presenting Lieutenant-Colonel Dylan Kerr to CPAC viewers after the Stillman decision of the Supreme Court of Canada, see CPAC, "Headline Politics: Reaction to Supreme Court Ruling on Canada’s Military Justice System", circa 27 July 2019, available at http://www.cpac.ca/en/programs/headline-politics/episodes/66026163 (accessed 30 July 2019); re R. v. Stillman, 2019 SCC 40 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/j1n56>;
Colonel MacGregor, Director of Military Prosecutions, stated:
"But one thing I do want to do is introduce co-counsel Lieutenant-Colonel Dylan Kerr who worked extensively on this case and did an extremely good job in front of the Supreme Court in arguing this case."
KERR, William George, Lieutenant-Colonel, former OJAG member, sentenced to 7 days imprisonment for impaired driving; see "Le lieutenant-colonel Kerr condamné pour ivresse", Le devoir, Montréal, 14 juin 1943, à la p. 3, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2804972 (vérifié le 25 juillet 20178);
____________on Col. W.G. Kerr, see "Col. W.G. Kerr", The Globe and Mail, 20 December 1951, at p. 7:
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mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being
viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The
Globe and Mail
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/....
accessed 24 November 2018
KIKKERT, Peter, "Kurt Meyer and Canadian Memory Villain and Monster, Hero and Victim or worse – a German?", Canadian Military History, (2015), volume 21, issue 2, Article 4, at pp. 33-44; available at https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653&context=cmh, accessed 26 September 2019;
Following the lead of Ralph Allen, a number of Canadians believed that Meyer should be released because of the injustice of his trial. The Globe and Mail, which in 1946 had been one of the newspapers calling loudest for Meyer’s blood, ran a number of editorials exploring the inadequacies of the general’s trial. The first, entitled, “Procedure Unusual in Meyer Trial,” argued that much of the evidence used against the general had been hearsay and inadmissible in an English Court of Law. The editorialist thought Meyer should be given a chance to win his freedom before the Supreme Court, but acknowledged that this would not happen for it would repudiate before the whole world the rules by which Canada judged its war criminals.60 Another editorial, “No Time to Lose,” claimed that haste, strong passions, and the confusion of war, may have resulted in a faulty verdict in the Meyer case.61 This writer also wanted to give Meyer the opportunity to plead his case before the Supreme Court. ___________ 60. “Procedure Unusual in Meyer Trial,” Globe and Mail, 8 December 1951. 61. “No time to Lose,” Globe and Mail, 11 December 1951.
____________" 'Great Game in a Cold
Climate': Canada's Artic Sovereignty in Question" (Winter
2005-2006) 6(4) Canadian Military Journal available
at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo6/no4/north-nord-01-eng.asp
(accessed on 18
April 2012); FRANÇAIS
___________ " 'Le grand jeu dans le grand nord' : remise en
question de la souveraineté du Canada dans l'Arctique" (hiver
2005-2006) 6(4) Revue militaire
canadienne
31-40; disponible à http://www.arctique.uqam.ca/IMG/pdf/Le_grand_jeu_dans_le_Grand_Nord.pdf
(site visité le
31 mai 2012);
___________"The Influence of Law Upon Canadian Naval Strategy: Leadmark and the Evolving International Legal Regime" in Robert H. Edwards and Ann L. Griffiths, eds., Intervention and Engagement : A Maritime Perspective, Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, 2003, at pp. 95 to approx. 126, ISBN 978-1-896440-41-X;
___________"National Security and Technology: The Legal
Constraints Upon the Canadian Forces" presented at Transformation
& Technology : A Canadian Maritime Security Perspective -- A
Conference hosted by the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies ---
www.cfps.dal.ca -- Dalhousie University, 15-17 June 2006;
available at CF
INTERNAL
COMMUNICATIONS PLAN (accessed on 3 June
2012);
___________on KILLABY, Lieutenant-Commander Peter C. (Guy), see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at p. 171, available at
103-242;
Image source: mpcc-cppm.gc.ca/info/pubs/annRpt/2016annRpt-eng.aspx?=undefined&wbdisable=true#H_17, accessed 8 July 2017 "From left to right – David Goetz (Senior Counsel), Julianne Dunbar (General
Counsel), Hilary McCormack (Chairperson), BGen Robert Delaney (CFPM),
LCol Brian Frei (Deputy Commander) and CdrPeter Killaby (CFPM Legal Advisor)"
KILLABY, P.C., papers completed for his Masters in Law, with
distinction and Certificate in National Security Law, Georgetown
University Law Center, Washington, D.C., 2005, abstracts in (2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter
75;
1. The Commitment Myth Revisited:
The Constitutionality of the Invocation of North Atlantic Treaty
Article 5; completed for GULC Constitutional Aspects of Foreign
Affairs Seminar Fall 2004;
2. National Security Information Protections in the International
Criminal Court; completed for GULC War Crimes Seminar, Fall 2004;
3. International Legal Analysis of the Report of the High-level
Panel on Threats, Challenges and Charge; completed for GULC Use of
Force Seminar, Spring 2005;
4. Keeping Canada's Military Secrets Secret; completed for GULC
Strategic Intelligence Law Seminar, Spring 2005;
5. The Northwest Passage and Alaska Boundary Disputes: A Canadian
National Security Law Analysis; completed for GULC Graduate Honors
Seminar, Spring 2005;
_____________________Testimony of Lieutenant-Colonel Bruce King before the
Military Police Complaints Commission, Fynes Public Interest
Hearings, Transcript of Proceedings, Ottawa, 22 May 2012, volume
25, at pp. 112 to 167; available at http://mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2012-05-22-Maj-Fowler-LCol-King.doc
(accessed 20 August 2017);
Source of image: https://www.google.com (Google image, accessed 26 September 2016)
KINGSLEY, Regeena, Fighting against Allies: An Examination of "National Caveats" within the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Campaign in Afghanistan & their Impact on ISAF Operational Effectiveness 2002-2012, a doctoral thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Defence and Strategic Studies at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand, 2014, xxix, 562 p.; available at mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/6984/02_thesis.pdf (accessed 29 December 2015); deals with Canada;
KINGSMILL, W.B. (Walter Bernard), 1876-1950, Lieutenant-Colonel, was Deputy Judge Advocate General in 1918, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at p. 31 and 209, available at i-xii
and 1-102;
Image source: , accessed 3 November 2016 KINSMAN, Gary, Patrizia Gentile, 1970-, The Canadian War on Queers, Vancouver : UBC Press, c2010, xxiii, 554 p. : ill., port. map ; 24 cm.
SERIES: Sexuality studies series, 1706-9947, ISBN: 978-0-7748-1628-1;
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface: National Security Wars -- Then and Now
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
1. Queering National Security, the Cold War, and Canadian History: Surveillance and Resistance
2. Queer History and Sociology from Below: Resisting National Security
3. The Cold War against Queers: Social and Historical Contexts
4. Spying and Interrogation: The Social Relations of National Security
5. The "Fruit Machine": Attempting to Detect Queers
6. Queer Resistance and the Security Response: Solidarity versus the RCMP
7. The Campaign Continues in the 1970s: Security Risks and Lesbian Purges in the Military
8. "Gay Political Activists" and "Radical Lesbians": Organizing against the National Security State
9. Sexual Policing and National Security: Sex Scandals, Olympic Clean-Ups, and Cross-Country Organizing
10. Continuing Exclusion: The Formation of CSIS and "Hard-Core Lesbians"
11. From Exclusion to Assimilation: National Security, the Charter, and Limited Inclusion
12. From the Canadian War on Queers to the War on Terror: Resisting the Expanding National Security State
KIRK, David G., lawyer, Ontario Law Society, legal officer, member of the OJAG (reserve force) in 2009; Crown Attorney in Sault Ste-Marie;
___________on KIRK, David, was the prosecutor in the Standing Court Martial of R. v. Pellen 2007 CM 2023 (sentence), Petawawa, 21 November 2007; source of information:
MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 2, at p. APP2: 2007-28 and 29;
KIROUAC, Marie-Ève, La garnison britannique à
Québec, 1839-1871: Étude des rapports sociaux entre militaires
et civils, mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études
supérieures et postdoctorales de l'Université Laval dans le cadre
du programme de maîtrise en histoire pour l'obtention du grade de
maître ès arts, Département d'histoire, Faculté des lettres,
Université Laval, 2011, 135 feuilles; direction de recherche:
Donald Fyson et co-direction de recherche: André Charbonneau;
disponible à http://theses.ulaval.ca/archimede/?wicket:interface=:2::::
(vérifié le 3 février 2015);
KLASSEN, Captain, lawyer and member of the OJAG;
Office of the JAG@JAGCAF[28 May 2019] Legal Officers
LCdr Pagé, Capt Klassen, Lt Feltham, Capt Pham, and Lt(N) Gonsalves
are at @uOttawa this week learning from Canadian and International
experts about International Humanitarian Law through realistic case studies. #IHL
KLEIN, Kevin Edward, The Weapons Policy of the Canadian Forces Chaplain Branch: A Multi-Theoretical Analysis, thesis submitted to the Faculty of Philosophy, Saint Paul University in partial fulfilment to the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Ethics, 2009, available at https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/28564/1/MR65982.PDF (accessed 25 August 2019);
Abstract: Military
chaplains of all countries are vehemently debating the issue of
chaplains bearing arms. On both sides of the debate, various arguments
are advanced which get to the very nature of the chaplain's role as
non-combatant and minister of religion. However, there is not a
consensus between military chaplaincies or even within military
chaplaincies whether or not chaplains ought to carry weapons for their
own protection or the protection of others especially in the present
security environment. Within the Canadian Forces chaplains are expressly
forbidden from ever bearing or using personal weapons in combat
operations. This thesis analyzes the question of chaplains bearing and using
personal weapons from an ethical standpoint. Three ethical views will be
explored: J.J.C Smart's act utilitarianism, Alasdair Macintyre's virtue
ethics, and Alan Gewirth's ethical rationalism. By using these three
meta-ethical perspectives, the dialogue on chaplains bearing arms within
the Canadian Forces can be advanced and policies re-evaluated.
"This Phd-thesis analyses three
peace-support operations gone wrong. In Somalia
(1992-1993) Canadian troops tortured a young Somali thief
to death and shot another. In Rwanda (1994) ten Belgian
soldiers were murdered, after which the Belgian government
withdrew the battalion, giving free rein to
Hutu-extremists and their genocidal plans. In Srebrenica
(1995) Dutch troops (Dutchbat) could not prevent the
murder of 8.000 muslim men by Bosnian Serbs. The dramatic
events initiated laborious and emotial aftermaths in
Canada, Belgium and the Netherlands. In each case the
question of accountability was raised: who could be held
responsible for what had happened in Somalia, Rwanda and
Srebrenica? This Phd examines this question at both the
political and military level, as
well as at the level of the victims and their sympathisers
(the 'agenda-setters', including critical journalists). A
separate chapter is dedicated to the many 'fact finding'
committees and the problems they encountered in
reconstructing the facts. Their reports would often be
'hijacked' by other actors. Starting point of this
dissertation is the premiss that the events were so
dramatic as to necessitate a deep-probing and sensitive
process of accountability. Somalia, Rwanda and Srebrenica
could not simply be ignored. The Canadian, Belgian and
Dutch democracies maintain extensive systems of
accountability (ministerial accountability, militarylaw,
et cetera), at least on paper, so apportioning
accountability ought to be possible. In reality, hoewever,
nearly all players (politicians, soldiers, bureaucrats) -
though admitting 'mistakes' and 'bad judgements' -
refrained from accepting accountability as such, let alone
guilt. All players used specific arguments (often
contextual: 'The circumstances prevented me/us from protecting the local population') or instruments
(whistle-blowing, leaking to the press, bureaucratic
infighting et cetera). They soon constructed a static
'standard account' to explain their actions and decisions.
In the end in the Netherlands only after eight years!)
the political and military
organisations were able to remove the aftermaths from the
public and political agenda. Advisors/Committee
Members: Hellema,
D.A., Graaff,
B.G.J. de. Subjects/Keywords: Internationale
betrekkingen; Culturele
activiteiten; Literary
theory, analysis and criticism; Overig
maatschappelijk onderzoek; Specialized
histories (international relations, law"
Source of image: https://www.linkedin.com/in/niave-knell-a8b765b, accessed 26 September 2016 Niave Knell
KNELL, Niave F., Reemergence of the Arctic as a strategic location, Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College, 2008, Thesis / Dissertation ETD; NOTES: School of Advanced Military Studies Monographs; available at http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4013coll3/id/2330 (accessed 2 March 2016);
Abstract This monograph analyzes the Arctic region as a system by examining the
strengths and weaknesses of its political, military, economic, social,
infrastructure, and information sub-systems. This investigation reveals
the key nodes (critical people and things) and key linkages (critical
relationships between the nodes). Key nodes include the ice itself, as
well as three of the Arctic states (The Russian Federation, The United
States of America, and Canada), the European Union (EU), multi-national
oil and gas corporations, supra-national non-governmental organizations, indigenous groups, the World Trade Organization, the internet, and
trade among the Arctic states. Key linkages include the Arctic Council,
the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, the Nordic Council, the EU's Northern
Dimension, the indigenous groups' councils, and the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) treaty. This investigation
also reveals the system's potential. At this time, it could travel in
one of two directions, either becoming an area of conflict as the quest
for resources drives states to clash, or becoming an area of cooperation with states securing their national interests within UNCLOS while
sharing information on common topics. With the knowledge gained from
examining the Arctic region as a system and ascertaining the key nodes
and linkages, as well as system potential, the researcher examines what
this means for the United States. Using an all-of- overnment approach,
the monograph discusses the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats for U.S. instruments of national power. From this discussion,
the monograph author then makes recommendations within those
instruments, concluding that it is critical for the U.S. to develop the
vision, objectives, and policies prior to 2012, when a majority of the
Arctic coastal states must have submitted their UNCLOS claims. [source: http://www.worldcat.org/title/reemergence-of-the-arctic-as-a-strategic-location/oclc/465222788&referer=brief_results, accessed 2 March 2016]
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
image source: ca.linkedin.com/in/l-greg-koenderman-a1819378 (accessed 22 February 2018); L. Greg Koenderman KOENDERMAN, L. Greg, member of the Law Society of Ontario, B.A. (Royal Military College, 2003), B.C.L./LL.B. (McGill University, 2013), legal officer, member of the OJAG; research done on 22 February 2018;
__________on KOPPANG, N.K., Major was the prosecutor in the Standing Court Martial of R. v. Greene 2000 CM 55; source of information:
MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 2, at p. APP2: 2000-26;
___________"Whistle-blower was court-martialed. Doctor who warned about soldiers' health risks says he was 'set up', The Globe and Mail, 30 July 1999, at p. A1 and A4;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
--- Brian Laghi, image source: https://twitter.com/brianlaghi Clark Campbell, image source: theglobeandmail.com/authors/campbell-clark, accessed 15 April 2017 KORING, Paul, Brian Laghi, Clark Campbell, "Hillier pushed flawed detainee plan", The Globe and Mail (Index-only), May 2, 2007, p.A.1; also available at https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/hillier-pushed-flawed-detainee-plan/article684279/ (accessed 24 July 207);
Description:
The Defence officials who helped draft the Canadian agreement included then-judge -advocate-general Jerry Pitzul, a major-general, and a colonel on his staff, both of whom had experience in the laws of
war and international humanitarian law, said a source involved with the
discussions. Just as important, according to an insider, the military
officials argued that Dutch and British officials would not be able to
effectively monitor detainees in practice, and that the Canadian
agreement was better because it contained an explicit legal commitment
that the detainees would be covered by the Geneva Conventions. (source: http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?ct=Next+Page&pag=nxt&page NumberComingFrom=6&frbg=&indx=51&fn=search&dscnt=0&scp.scps=primo_central_multiple_fe&vid=01LOC&mode=Basic &ct=Next%20Page&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Canadian%20Judge%20Advocate%20General&dstmp= 1474921570442, accessed 26 September 2016)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a
hitherto-obscure phenomenon in the criminal law. Law has, for too long,
been "marching with medicine, but in the rear, and limping a little."
Yet, increasing awareness of the Disorder has prompted counsel to plead
it in both civil and criminal proceedings. It is, perhaps, unsurprising
that this disease, which was once prevalent as "shell shock," is the
modern scourge of Canada's military obligations abroad. When Canadian
Forces (CF) personnel return home, they are often not debriefed, nor
provided with adequate mental health services. This neglect sows a
ticking time bomb in Canadian homes; when the time is up, the explosion
is sometimes violent, and criminal charges are laid. Yet, PTSD is not
germane to only soldiers; sexual assault victims, and disaster survivors
often suffer from the Disorder. However, because combat veterans often
suffer more severe PTSD, and suffer it more prevalently, they will be
the focus in this analysis. This paper will demonstrate that
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder can form the basis of a successful Defence
of Mental Disorder (Not Criminally Responsible, or NCR) in criminal
proceedings.
The analysis will first define PTSD as a Mental
Disorder; second, it will synthesize the Canadian law on the Defence of
Mental Disorder; third, it will demonstrate how PTSD can form a basis
for a successful NCR defence; fourth, it will address potential problems
with the latter assertion; and finally, it will propose some measures
to prevent PTSD in the highest risk group - Canadian Forces soldiers -
and more effective means of treating them when they do suffer from PTSD.
A 2008 report by CBC News indicates that the number of CF
soldiers suffering from PTSD has more than tripled since Canada first deployed troops to Afghanistan in 2001. The deployment is now expected
to continue to 2011. Veteran Affairs acknowledges that "without
[treatment] - many [such] veterans have the potential to harm themselves
or others." In June 2006, the Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench,
acquitted a CF member on this precise defence, in R. v. Borsch. The
Court of Appeal recently ordered a new trial, on factual grounds. These
decisions, coupled with the fact that the Defence application for leave
to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada is currently pending,
demonstrate that this defence is clearly relevant to the discourse in
the modern Canadian criminal law
U.S. Navy Lt. Cmdr. Theron Korsak,
judge advocate, left, is promoted to the rank of commander during a ceremony
held at the National Museum of the U.S. Navy aboard the Washington Navy
Yard Sept. 1, 2014. (U.S. Navy photo/Released); image source: www.flickr.com/photos/navyjagcorps/15173576119, accessed 22 January 2019
KORSAK, LCdr Theron, "Afghan National Army. Legal Development Training", (Winter 2010) 11(4) JAG Official Magazine of the United States Navy Judge Advocate General Corps 14-15; available at http://www.jag.navy.mil/news/jag_mag/archive/2010_VOL1/JAGMAG_winter%202010.pdf (accessed 12 October 2018); note: LCdr Korsak is from the Center for Law and Military Operations;
How does LCol Koskie himself have fun? He trains for and competes in triathlons along with his wife of seven years, Major Angela Koskie,who is a legal officer with the Office of the Judge Advocate General. She competed in an ironman event just a few weeks ago.
____________ "Vision and Achievement:/
Vision et réalisations: A Biography of former JAG MGen (Ret's)
Jerry S.T. Pitzul, CMM, CD, Q.C., BAD, MBA, LLB/ Notice
biographique de l'ancien juge-avocat général, le M.gén (retr.)
Jerry S.T. Pitzul, CMM, CD, C.R., B.Adm, MBA, LL.B.", (2007) 1 JAG
Les actualités -- Newsletter 6-9; article in French &
English/article en français et en anglais;
Image source: http://www.viewzone.com/politicians.html, accessed 26 September 2016 Jim Kouri
Image source: www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/12/jerry-kovacs-veterans-harper-rally_n_8127626.html, accessed 21 August 2016 KOVACS, Jerry, testimony before the House of Commons, Veterans Affairs Committee, 15 October 2012 (41st Parliament, 1st Session); available at https://openparliament.ca/committees/veterans-affairs/41-1/45/jerry-kovacs-1/only/, accessed 21 August 2016; veterans' law;
KRONENBERG, Vernon J., All
together
now: the organization of the Department of National Defence in
Canada, 1964-1972, Toronto : Canadian Institute of
International Affairs, 1973, 124 p. (series; Wellesley
papers; 3); notes: Revision of the author's thesis (M.A.),
Carleton University, 1971, presented under the title: All
together now : Canadian defence organization, 1964-1971,
Bibliography: p. 118-120;
Image source: https://www.linkedin.com, accessed 17 March 2018 Diane Kruger
KRUGER, Diane, reserve officer with the OJAG;
LCol Diane Kruger LLB JD CD is a lawyer and forensic expert in private
practice in Toronto. Diane will speak on developing a career in forensic
science and law and how it all started for her right at the University
of Toronto and the Centre of Forensic Sciences, Province of Ontario. She
also serves with the Canadian Forces, currently holding a senior
leadership position as a reservist with the JAG branch. Diane is a
frequent lecturer and has sat on the Boards of the Royal Canadian
Military Institute and Heritage Toronto. She is the immediate past
President of the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto.
____________research note: Capt. D.M. Kruger was promoted to Major on 1 June 1999, see "Personnel", in (October-December 1999) 4 JAG Newsletter -- Bulletin d'actualités at p. 29;
___________research note: LCol (Ret'd) Diane Kruger, recent photo with others:
"Office of the JAG @JAGCAF2 hours ago [2 May 2019] AJAG Central LCol Kim Maynard, MGen (Ret’d) Fraser Holman, Maj Eric Weaver, DJA Toronto, and LCol (Ret’d) Diane Kruger enjoyed the annual joint dinner of the @rcmiHQ and the @RoyalCdnLegion earlier this week, a great opportunity to connect with defence stakeholders".
Art Kruse, 1930-2015
KRUSE, Art (Arthur Edward), "Arthur Edward L.COL., LLB, RCAF 1930-2015 Kruse", orbituary; died on 16 June 2015; born in 1930; former JAG Officer and military judge; see http://yourlifemoments.ca/sitepages/obituary.asp?oid=888419 (accessed 12 December 2015); also worked as a pension advocate;
1930-2015 KRUSE, Arthur Edward L.COL., LLB, RCAF -
Peacefully at Westmount Gardens on Tuesday, June 16, 2015, Arthur "Art"
Kruse born in Humboldt, Saskatchewan. Beloved husband of Joan Kruse (née
Davis). Father of Michael (Jodi) of Windsor. Cherished grandfather of
Laura of Edmonton; Alex of Lachute, PQ; and Scott of Oakville; nieces
and nephews in Vancouver, Manitoba and Iowa. Predeceased by son Brian in
2009 (Mary Anne of Oakville), brothers Rae, Walter and Norman and
sister Lois Figas. The Funeral Mass will be celebrated at ST. GEORGE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ,
1164 Commissioners Road West, London on Saturday, June 20, 2015 at
11:00 a.m., with visitation one hour prior. Interment of ashes will take
place at a later date at St. Patrick's R.C. Cemetery Fallowfield,
Ontario (Ottawa). In lieu of flowers, donations in memory of Art may be
made to the St. John Evangelist Pension Fund Society or Alzheimer
Outreach Services of McCormick Home. For information and online
condolences, please visit www.westviewfuneralchapel.com
___________on KRUSE, Lieutenant-Colonel Art, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at p. 213, available at
103-242;
KWASNIEWSKA, LCdr M.E., legal officer, member of the AJAG Pacific Team (information as of 18 September 2018); was co-counsel for the accused in Dryngiewicz Z.A. (Corporal), R. v., 2012 CM 1016 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/fv5cn>;
LABELLE, Diane, notes on:
The Public Law and Legislative Services Sector (PLLSS) has announced
that Diane Labelle, LLM 2003, has been named the Director General and
Senior General Counsel for the Constitutional, Administrative and
International Law Section (CAILS) effective May 13, 2019.
....
Ms. Labelle has had an extensive public service career dating back
from 1997, and has worked for Justice Canada since 1999 in various
areas, including the Office of the Legal Advisor to the Department of
National Defence and the Canadian Forces ....
Image source:/www.editionsyvonblais.com/product-detail/international-law-of-the-sea/, accessed 16 June 2016
LABRECQUE, Georges, 1945-, International Law of the Sea, Toronto : Carswell, [2015], xvi, 595 pages : maps ; 26 cm, NOES: Includes bibliographical references (pages 451-487) and
index.
Preface and acknowledgements -- Abbreviations --
Figures -- Introduction -- Maps of the maritime world and legal
definitions -- Geopolitical and legal history of the maritime world --
Geographical locations of states in relation to the sea -- marine
resources and environment -- maritime zones under national jurisdiction
-- Maritime zones beyond the limits of national jurisdiction --
Internationa straits and canals -- International maritime boundaries --
Pacific settlement of maritime disputes -- Recent case law on maritime
issues -- Canada and the sea -- The Arctic -- General conclusion : the
future of the internationa law of the sea.
In English.
NUMBERS: ISBN: 0779867068
ISBN: 9780779867066;
LABRÈQUE, Alexandre Adolphe, avocat, membre du Barreau du Québec et du Cabinet du JAG; voir "Nouvelle étude légale", Le soleil, Québec, vendredi, 23 décembre 1949, à la p. 3; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3297764 (consulté le 23 juillet 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Source de l'image: http://www.parl.gc.ca/employment/senate/pageprogram/2011-2012-e.htm, visité le 22 septembre 2016 Julien Labrosse
LABROSSE, Julien, “I didn’t have time to find the English words”: The Korean War’s Role in the Evolution of Bilingualism in the Canadian Armed Forces, A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MA degree in History Department of History, University of Ottawa, 2016, vii, 157 leaves, available at http://137.122.14.44/bitstream/10393/34256/1/Labrosse_Julien_2016_the%cc%80se.pdf (accessed 22 September 2016); good research on the evolution of bilingualism in the Canadian Forces;
Abstract This thesis explores the impact of the Korean War on the evolution of
the role of the French language in the Canadian military between 1946
and 1954. It explains how the Korean War acted as both a catalyst for a
more accommodating stance towards the French language in the Canadian
Armed Forces, and an immediate impediment to the implementation of such
changes.
Particularly, this thesis explores the conflict that emerged between
various officials in the Department of National Defence concerning the
place that should be made for the French language, and how best to
recruit more French Canadians. It shows that there was serious
disagreement between the Minister of National Defence, Brooke Claxton, who wanted more bilingualism in the Canadian military, and the Chief of
General Staff, General Guy G. Simonds, who resisted further concessions
to francophones.
Moreover, this thesis reveals the extent to which there was goodwill
within the Canadian Armed Forces on the part of both anglophones and
francophones on the frontline in Korea. This constituted the basis on
which the Department of National Defence was able to begin the process
of implementing a more bilingual system. In this respect, this thesis
shows the Canadian military to have been ahead of the federal Civil
Service. [source: http://137.122.14.44/handle/10393/34256, accessed 22 September 2016]
Karl Lacharité
LACHARITÉ, Karl, lawyer, legal officer with the Judge Advocate General since July 2014, see ca.linkedin.com/in/karl-lacharit%C3%A9-0709a832 (accessed 8 July 2017);
Image source: www.amazon.com/Battle-Grounds-Canadian-Military-Aboriginal/dp/0774813164, accessed 3 June 2016 LACKENBAUER, P. Whitney, Battle grounds : the Canadian military and aboriginal lands, Vancouver ; Toronto : UBC Press, c2007, xvii, 350 p. : ill., maps, ports. ; 24 cm (series; Studies in Canadian military history; 013), ISBN: 0774813156;
___________"Carrying the Burden of Peace: The Mohawks, The Canadian Forces, and the Oka Crisis", (Winter 2008) 10(2) Journal of Military and Strategic Studies 1-71, and see pp. 21-22; available at http://jmss.org/jmss/index.php/jmss/article/viewFile/89/99 (accessed 7 July 2016);
___________"Kurt Meyer, 12th SS Panzer
Division, and the Murder of Canadian
Prisoners of War in Normandy: Historical and
Historiographical Appraisal", Gateway--An Academic History Journal on the Web", available at http://homepage.usask.ca/~jgz816/archive9.html (accessed 23 January 2017)
-------------------------------------www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/136/284-fra.html,
accessed 31/3/14
WhitneyLackenbauer,www.sju.ca/staff/whitney-lackenbaue
Chris Madsen
LACKENBAUER, P. Whitney and Chris Madsen, "Justifying Atrocity:
Lieutenant-Colonel Maurice Andrew and the Defence of Brigadeführer
Kurt Meyer", in [Department] of National Defence, and Yves
Tremblay, ed., Canadian Military History Since the 17th
Century: Proceedings of the Canadian Military Conference,
Ottawa, 5-9 May 2000, [Ottawa: DND], at pp. 553-564;
available at https://studylib.net/doc/8080854/canadian-military-history-since-the-17th-century (accessed 5 October 2018);;
Source de l'image: collegeahuntsic.academia.edu/SylvainLacoursi%C3%A8re, site visité le 21 décembre 2016 Sylvain Lacoursière LACOURSIÈRE, Sylvain, Le soldat dans la culture au Québec en 1939-1945; du héros-guerrier à la chair à canon, mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en histoire, Université du Québec à Montréal, juillet 2009, viii, 202 p., disponible à http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2209/1/M10985.pdf (vérifié le 21 décembre 2016);
LAFONTAINE, Fannie, "Poursuivre le génocide, les crimes
contre l'humanité et les crimes de guerre au Canada: une analyse
des éléments des crimes à la lumière de l'affaire Munyaneza",
(2009) 47 The Canadian Yearbook of International Law
--Annuaire canadien de droit international 261-297;
La décision Munyaneza constitue la première analyse
judiciaire de la "Loi sur les crimes contre l'humanité et les
crimes de guerre" et des définitions qu'elle propose des
infractions de droit international maintenant criminalisées
dans le système juridique canadien. Il s'agit d'un
régime juridique nouveau, original et complexe, qui fait
s'entrecroiser le droit international et le droit canadien, et
qui constitue un pilier important de l'entreprise globale de
lutte contre l'impunité pour les crimes internationaux les
plus graves. L'auteure propose une analyse critique du
jugement Munyaneza en ce qui concerne les éléments
constitutifs du crime de génocide, des crimes contre
l'humanitié et des crimes de guerre. Elle offre une
discussion de certains des aspects les plus difficiles des
définitions de ces crimes et vise à contribuer à ce que la juridsprudence future soit cohérente avec l'esprit et la
lettre de la loi et avec le droit international. Le
régime des peines applicables en vertu de la loi est aussi
brièvement analysé. [source: web.archive.org/web/20120119140132/http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2011/ihl-bibliography-2nd-trimester-2011.pdf,
à la p. 30, site visité le 16 mars 2015]
___________ Prosecuting
Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes in Canadian
Courts, Toronto: Carswell, 2012;
___________Prosecuting
International Crimes in Canadian Courts: Where International Law
Meets Domestic Law, doctoral thesis (Ph.D.), National
University of Ireland Galway, Irish Center for Human Rights, March
2011;
___________"The Unbearable Lightness of International Obligations:
When and How to Exercise Jurisdiction Under Canada's Crimes Against Humanity and War
Crimes Act", (2010) 23(2) Revue québécoise de droit international 1-50;
disponible à http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2117944
(vérifié le 26 août 2013);
___________'Wanted: War Criminals'?: The Challenge of Ensuring
Justice for Canada’s Unwanted War Criminals (June 30, 2011). Legal
Frontiers, McGill’s Blog on International Law, June 2011 .
Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2120841, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2120841
(accessed
on 15 October 2012);
LAFRANCE, Édith, 1964-, Résistance
à
la conscription, réfractaires et insoumis Canadiens-français
lors de la deuxième guerre mondiale, thèse (M.A.),
Université du Québec à Montréal, 1997;
LAGASSÉ, Philippe, "Accountability for National Defence --
Ministerial Responsibility, Military Command and Parliamentary
Oversight", (March 2010) 4 IRPC
Study 1-60; available at http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no4.pdf
(accessed on 6 July 2010); IRPC = Institute for Research on Public
Policy; in French: IRPP = l'Institut de recherche en politiques
publiques;
Summary
In this study, Philippe Lagassé assesses the state of
accountability for matters of national defence in Canada, and
evaluates calls to reform how the government is held to account
for military and defence matters. In the first section he examines
the national defence responsibilities of Canada’s Parliament, as
well as proposals to strengthen the powers of the House of Commons
and parliamentary committees in defence matters. The author argues
that while certain changes are needed to improve the ability of
parliamentarians to hold the government to account for Canada’s
defence, reforms must respect the principles of responsible government. Reforms that dilute ministerial responsibility and the
adversarial character of Parliament will weaken rather than
strengthen defence accountability. Indeed, it could be argued that
reinforcing ministerial responsibility and encouraging partisan
competition could bolster Canadian defence accountability. In the
second section, Lagassé examines the lines of responsibility and
accountability for defence within government. He shows that the
part played by senior officials in formulating defence policy and
in helping to keep the military accountable to the civilian
authority is both necessary and in line with statute law. Drawing
on the history of Canadian civil-military relations and
contemporary civil-military relations theory, the study shows why
the government’s existing structure of defence administration is
advantageous and effective. Although the administration of
national defence in Canada is not perfect, it ensures that the
Prime Minister and the Minister of National Defence are well
informed about their defence policy choices, and that the policy
preferences of the government are respected by the military and
the defence bureaucracy, regardless of whether senior officers and
official agree with these preferences. – p. 1 [source: ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 January 2012]
Image source: ubcpress.ca/the-harper-era-in-canadian-foreign-policy, accessed 14 March 2018 ___________"‘The Constitutional Politics of Parliament’s Role in International Policy’ in A. Chapnick and C.J. Kukucha, eds., The Harper Era in Canadian Foreign Policy: Parliament, Politics, and Canada’s Global Posture, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press; [2016], xi, 285 pages ; 24 cm, 9780774833196;
.
___________"The Crown and Prime Ministerial Power", (Summer 2016) Canadian Parliamentary Review 17-23; available at http://www.revparl.ca/39/2/39n2e_16_Lagasse.pdf (accessed 2 October 2016);
Image source:
http://ualawccsprod.srv.ualberta.ca/ccs/index.php/review-of-constitutional-studies
___________"The Crown's Powers of Command-in-Chief: Interpreting
Section 15 of the Constitution
Act,
1867", (2013) 18(2) Review
of
Constitutional Studies 189-220; available at http://ualawccsprod.srv.ualberta.ca/ccs/images/03_Lagass.pdf (accessed 28 December 2015);
Since 2006, Canada’s House of
Commons has been asked to vote on military deployments.
These votes have allowed Members of Parliament to express
their views on the operations of the Canadian Forces, while
serving to democratize the executive's power to send armed
forces overseas. However, this practice of consulting the
Commons does not impose any binding legal or political
constraints on the executive’s prerogative to deploy the
military. The legal and constitutional authority to send
forces abroad still rests with the prime minister and Cabinet.
The practice of consulting MPs when deploying the military
remains a courtesy, rather than an obligation.
In contrast, the British
House of Commons has been granted political control of the
executive's military deployment prerogative through a
constitutional convention. The effect of this convention was
recently shown in the vote involving British military
strikes against Syria. Unlike in Canada, the British
government is politically bound to consult and adhere to the
views of MPs before considering military deployments
overseas.
This paper
examines whether Canada should follow the British example,
granting members of Parliament control over the executive's
power to deploy the armed forces by means of a
constitutional convention. It concludes that Canada’s
existing practice has many advantages, and that Canadian
parliamentarians should be mindful of the risks and costs
involved in adopting a constitutional convention to control
the executive's military deployment prerogative.
___________"The Military Roles and Responsibilities of
Canada's Governor General and Commander-in-Chief", report
prepared for the Judge Advocate General of the Canadian
Forces, July 2013;
This article argues that ambivalence surrounds the prerogative
powers of the Canadian Crown and the significant authority they
afford the executive in Canada. In strictly legal terms, these
residual Crown powers are vulnerable to parliamentary abolition,
displacement and limitation, and their exercise is subject to
judicial review and remedy, leading scholars to suggest that
these powers are an increasingly marginal source of executive
authority. In practice, however, they have proven more resilient
to legislative infringement than their formal vulnerability to
statutory interference implies. In addition, the judiciary's
authority to review the exercise of these powers has been
tempered by the courts' reluctance to impose robust remedies.
The article maintains that the predominant understanding of
these powers, which stresses their vestigial status, fails to
capture the actual power and acquiescence they afford the
executive.
Sommaire
Le présent article soutient qu'il
existe une ambivalence autour des prérogatives de l'État canadien
et de l'importante autorité qu'elles procurent au pouvoir exécutif
au Canada. D'un point de vue strictement juridique, ces pouvoirs
résiduels de la Couronne sont à la merci d'une abolition, d'une
supplantation et d'une restriction parlementaire, et leur exercice
est assujetti à un contrôle et à un recours judiciaires, ce qui
amène les érudits à laisser entendre que ces prérogatives sont de
plus en plus une source marginale du pouvoir exécutif. Dans la
pratique, toutefois, ces prérogatives s’avèrent plus résistantes à
l'empiètement législatif que ce qu'implique leur vulnérabilité
formelle à l'interférence établie par la loi. En outre, la
réticence des tribunaux à imposer des recours musclés affaiblit
l'autorité du pouvoir judiciaire à revoir l'exercice de ces
prérogatives. L'article soutient que la compréhension prédominante
de ces prérogatives, qui insiste sur leur statut rudimentaire,
omet de saisir le vrai pouvoir et l'accord qu'elles procurent au
pouvoir exécutif. (see http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1754-7121.2012.00222.x/abstract,
accessed on 8 January 2015)
___________"Parliament and the war prerogative in
the United Kingdom and Canada: Explaining variations in institutional
change and legislative control", (2017) 70(2) Parliamentary Affairs 280–300; available at https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/70/2/280/2669629?searchresult=1 (accessed 14 March 2018);
A decade after the practice of holding votes began, the Canadian
Parliament’s role in military deployment decisions remained ambiguous. Consulting the House before deploying the military was politically
prudent and will likely continue as a result (Hillmer and Lagassé 2016), but there are few indications that the Commons must hold votes or that
the executive is bound by the results. The war prerogative, it can be argued, was doubly converted, first to amplify the Commons role in
pursuit of the Harper government’s short-term political interests, then to reassert ‘the exclusive role of the executive in military matters’,
as Prime Minister Trudeau stated, echoing his predecessor (PMO 2016). This suggests that no significant institutional change to the Canadian
war powers has occurred. This, in turn, reinforces Mahoney and Thelen’s
observation that opportunistic change agents often encourage
institutional inertia, rather than veritable change.
LAGASSÉ, Philippe and Patrick A. Mello, "The Unintended Consequences of Parliamentary War Powers: A Comparative Analysis of Canada and Germany", Paper prepared for presentation at the International Studies Association’s 58th Annual Convention, 22-25 February 2017, Baltimore, MD, 23 pages; available at http://patrickmello.com/uploads/2017/02/lagassecc81-mello-2017-isa.pdf (accessed 28 February 2018);
LAGASSÉ, Philippe and Stephen M. Saideman, "Public critic or secretive monitor: party objectives and legislative oversight of the military in Canada", (2017) 40(1) Journal West European Politics 119-138;
Abstract
This
paper analyses how democratic legislatures oversee the military, using
Canada as a case. The paper argues that the tendency to engage in
intrusive oversight versus reactive oversight is shaped by institutional
structures and party preferences. Canadian institutional structures
discourage parliamentary defence committees from engaging in intrusive
oversight of the armed forces to achieve policy influence, and encourage
opposition parties to focus on reactive oversight efforts that
complement their vote-seeking preferences. Vote-seeking, the paper
argues, incentivises opposition parties to be public critics of the
government’s handling of military affairs, rather than informed but
secretive monitors of the armed forces. The paper then addresses a key
case where the opposition was able to use an exceptional constitutional
power of the House of Commons to force the executive to disclose
classified information regarding the military: detainee transfers by the
Canadian Armed Forces in Afghanistan. This case highlights the
trade-offs that parliamentarians face when they demand information to
perform more intrusive oversight of the armed forces. This suggests that
party preferences are a significant, yet understudied, aspect of how
legislatures vary in their oversight of the military. [source: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01402382.2016.1240409?scroll=top&needAccess=true, accessed 24 July 2017]
LAHAIE, Marcellin-L., 1913-1973, LCol, fut juge-avocat à la cour martiale du caporal suppléant J.-C.-E. Desjardins, voir "Un militaire doit répondre à 46 chefs d'accusation", Le devoir (Montréal), jeudi 7 octobre 1954 à la p. 3, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2786663 (vérifié le 26 août 2018); note de recherche: il s'agit probablement d'une erreur et que monsieur Lahaie fut le président plutôt que le JAG de la cour martiale car il était un ingénieur, voir http://rmc-e-veritas.herokuapp.com/commandant-series-8/
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
LAIRD, A.C., Captain, was defence counsel (assistant?) in the Standing Court Martial of R. v. Danis 2007 CM 2015, Kingston, Ontrio, 3 October 2007, source of information:
MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 2, at p. APP2: 2007-23;
------------------------- Image source: https://www.amazon.com/ Dr. Adam Lajeunesse, source: https://www.stfx.ca/about/news/adam-lajeunesse-dafoe-prize, accessed 13 May 2017 Lock-Stock-Icebergs-Maritime-Sovereignty/dp/077483109X _____________Lock, stock, and icebergs : a history of Canada's Arctic maritime sovereignty, Vancouver ; Toronto : UBC Press, [2016], xv, 404 pages : illustrations, maps ; 24 cm, ISBN 9780774831086; ISBN 0774831081;
Summary "In April 1988, after years of failed
negotiations over the status of the Northwest Passage, Brian Mulroney
gave Ronald Reagan a globe, pointed to the Arctic, and said "Ron that's
ours. We own it lock, stock, and icebergs." A simple statement, it
summed up Ottawa's official policy: Canada
owns the icy waters that wind their way through the Arctic Archipelago.
Behind the scenes, however, successive governments have spent over a
century trying to figure out how to enforce this claim. Drawing on
recently declassified material, Lajeunesse guides readers through the
evolution of Canada's Arctic sovereignty, showing how the Northwest Passage and the surrounding waters became Canadian."-- Provided by publisher.
Source: umontreal.academia.edu/LouisLalancette, consulté le 25 décembre 2018 Louis Lalancette
LALANCETTE, Louis, Les capitaines des troupes de la Marine de 1683 à 1739; la carrière militaire en Nouvelle-France, Département d’histoire, Université de Montréal, Faculté des arts et des sciences, Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de maître ès arts en Histoire option « recherche ». juin, 2015, vi, 203 p.; disponible à https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1866/13458/Lalancette_Louis_2015_memoire.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y (consulté le 13 octobre 2018); voir sa bibliographie sur les forces françaises en Nouvelle-France;
Source: lapresse.ca/actualites/dossiers/commission-bastarache/201101/25/01-4363642-rapport-bastarache- Georges Lalande (Photo Reuters) georges-lalande-envisage-dintenter-des-poursuites.php, consulté le 23 juillet 2019 LALANDE, Georges, notes biographiques; un ancien membre du cabinet du Juge-avocat général;
Me Georges
Lalande est diplômé en ingénierie, détenteur d’un certificat en
administration publique et titulaire d’un baccalauréat ès art et d’une licence en droit de l’Université de Montréal. Il est membre du Barreau
depuis 1974. Dans les années 60, il débute sa carrière dans le domaine
de l’aéronautique, alors qu’il est professionnel puis directeur de
l’ingénierie de la Division aérospatiale de la compagnie ABEX en
Californie. De retour au Canada en 1973, il fait des études en droit,
est reçu avocat en 1974 et travaille comme avocat au Bureau du
Juge-avocat général à Ottawa. Puis, il amorce une carrière dans
l’administration publique du Québec qui sera toutefois brièvement
interrompue alors que de 1979 à 1981, il est élu député du comté de
Maisonneuve à l’Assemblée nationale. Après un court passage en
enseignement, il est nommé directeur des services judiciaires au
ministère de la Justice à Saint-Jérôme, puis à Québec et à Montréal. Il
est nommé juge administratif en chef et président du Tribunal d’appel
des lésions professionnelles en 1989, sous-ministre en titre du
ministère des Transports en 1992, PDG de la Société de l’assurance
automobile en 1994 et PDG de la Société des établissements de plein air
en 1998. Ensuite, il est nommé sous-ministre à la réforme des tribunaux
administratifs au ministère de la Justice. En novembre 2004, il est
membre et président du Conseil des aînés du Québec. En 2005, il préside
un groupe de travail du gouvernement « Pour une pleine participation des
aînés au développement du Québec » et en 2009, il accepte de se joindre
à l’Association internationale francophone des aînés (AIFA) à titre de
vice-président, pour notamment, mettre en œuvre un Conseil international
francophone des personnes aînées au sein de cet organisme, qui possède
un statut consultatif auprès de l’Organisation internationale de la
Francophonie. Depuis juin 2012, il assume, par intérim, la présidence de
l’AIFA. (source: https://www.mfa.gouv.qc.ca/FR/AINES/COMBATTRE-MALTRAITANCE/MEMBRES/Pages/Georges_Lalande.aspx, visité 4 décembre 2015)
source de l'image: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/eric-lallier-65ba1813, visité 26 septembre 2016 Éric Lallier
LALLIER, Éric, Major, L'emploi
de la force, les règles d'engagement et la division des
responsabilités au sein des forces canadiennes transformées: un
besoin de plus d'intransigeance, PCEMI numéro 35 /
JCSP 35, Projet de recherches / MDS research project, 21 avril
2009; disponible à http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/295/286/lallier.pdf
(vérifié le 18 décembre 2011);
LALONDE, Maurice-Charles (Maurice-C.), 1894-, "En cour martiale", Le Devoir, Montréal, mercredi, 26 mars 1941, à la p. 7; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2804283 (vérifié le 10 juin 2018);
Le capitaine Maurice Lalonde, "juge avocat général" des districts miütaires nos 4 et 5, a déclaré hier qu’un sous-officier et un soldat ont été jugés en Cour martiale sous l'accusation d’avoir permis à des prisonniers ennemis internés au Canada de communiquer avec l’ extérieur.
___________"Promotions au district militaire no 4. Le capitaine Maurice Lalonde, ancien directeur de la Sûreté provinciale, devient major", Le devoir, Montréal, 30 avril 1941, à la p. 8; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2804313 (consulté le 10 juin 2018); né à Montréal, étudia au Collège Mont-Saint-Louis et à l'université McGill, admis au Barreau en 1917; épousa Jeannette Church;
___________sur LALONDE, Maurice-C., "Chronique militaire: Le capitaine Maurice-C. Lalonde est promu major. L'ancien directeur de la Sûreté du Québec occupe le poste de juge-avocat général aux quartiers généraux du district No 4, depuis le 1er juillet 1940", Le Canada, Montréal 30 avril 1941 à la p. 1; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3571847 (consulté le 26 janvier 2019);
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Colonel Roméo Lalonde, image source: plus.google.com/101597850433546766653, accessed 19 December 2017
LALONDE, Roméo, The Court martial Appeal Court orders a new trial for Colonel Roméo Lalonde, see R. v. Lalonde, 1995 CanLII 10768 (CMAC)— 1995-05-02; counsel, on appeal, for Col Lalonde were LCol. Denis Couture and Major Vihar Joshi; and for Her Majesty the Queen: LCdr. Peter J. Lamont and Major G. Herfst; the prosecuting authorities
decided that such new trial was not necessary;
LAMALICE, André, En
temps de guerre comme en temps de paix, gouvernement manquant,
gouvernance manquée : la protection civile au Canada, 1938-1988,
thèse de doctorat en histoire (Ph.D.), Université d'Ottawa, 2011;
disponible à http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/en/handle/10393/19839
(vérifié le 11 janvier 2012); la bibliographie cite d'autres
thèses sur le sujet;
Source: www.jalbertlamarreavocats.com/#!nos-professionnels/galleryPage, accessed 11 August 2016 LAMARRE, Patrick, Complicity in International Criminal Law: A fragmented law in need of a new approach, A thesis submitted to the Graduate Program in Law in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada, September, 2015, x, 261 leaves; available at qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/13736/1/Lamarre_Patrick_201509_LLM.pdf (accessed 11 August 2016);
Image source: twitter.com/stevelambertwpg?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor, accessed 15 April 2017 Steve Lambert LAMBERT, Steve, "Indigenous communities should have power to call in the military, says chief. Defence minister's meeting in Winnipeg part of cross-country public consultations on defence policy", CBC News, 14 September 2016; available at http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/defence-minister-harjit-sajjan-indigenous-winnipeg-1.3761780 (accessed 23 March 2017); the chief is Ron Swain, national vice-chief with the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples;
Peter Lamont, image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPaXrVy2p2w, accessed 20 September 2015
____________ "The judicial duty to give reasons", in Military Law Section, CLE
Conference : unravelling the mystery : the key to military
administrative law = Conférence de la FJP de la Section du droit
militaire : les Secrets du droit administrative dévoilés, Ottawa : Canadian Bar Association, 2003, 1 v. (various
pagings) ; 28 cm; Note: "October 22, 2003/22 octobrer [sic] 2003
Ottawa, Ontario"; source: http://library.lsuc.on.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=612&recCount=10&recPointer=3&bibId=43343&searchType=7,
accessed 9 October 2017;
___________Peter Lamont is part of the band "Lex Rock":
Photo sent by Peter Lamont to Benoît Pinsonneault and then to the list of alumni, 1 December 2017.
Image source: publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2010/forces/D1-16-2009-eng.pdf, at p. 125. Peter Lamont, left
__________Notes -- Biography on Commander Peter Lamont (not
necessarily written by Mr. Peter J. Lamont / Notes -- Biographie
sur le capitaine de frégate (non nécessairement écrites par
monsieur Peter J. Lamont):
Biography - Commander Peter Lamont, CD,
B.A., LL.B
Commander Lamont received his B.A. from the University of
Western Ontario, and graduated from the University of Ottawa
with his LL.B degree in 1977. He was called to the Ontario Bar in 1980, and was a member of the bars of both Alberta
and the North West Territories. Immediately prior to his
appointment as a Military Judge, Cdr Lamont was a reserve
force legal officer and counsel with the Criminal Law Branch
of the Department of Justice. He has extensive experience in
both civilian and military justice systems including working
as a Provincial Crown Attorney during an exchange with the
Ottawa Crown Attorney's Office.
At the time of his appointment, Cdr Lamont was the Deputy
Assistant Judge Advocate General for central region,
responsible for supervising reserve force legal officers
within Ontario. Cdr Lamont has also assisted the Director of
Military Prosecutions, and has been the legal adviser to 33
BDE HQ and various reserve force units in the Ottawa area.
Cdr Lamont has been a prosecutor and defending officer at
Courts Martial, and has argued appeals before the Court
Martial Appeal Court of Canada. (source: http://web.archive.org/web/20070904025804/http://www.forces.gc.ca/cmj/biosLamont_e.asp,
accessed on 14 January 2015)
------
Biographie - Capitaine de frégate Peter
Lamont, DC, B.A., LL.B.
Le Capf Lamont a reçu son B.A. de L'Université Western
Ontario, et a obtenu son LL.B. de L'Université D'Ottawa en
1977. Il a été admis au barreau de L'Ontario en 1980, et a
été membre des barreaux de L'Alberta et des Territoires du
Nord Ouest. Le Capf Lamont était, jusqu'à sa nomination à
titre de Juge Militaire, un avocat militaire de la force de
réserve et avocat au sein de la direction du droit pénal du
Ministère de la Justice. Il a une expérience considérable au
sein des systèmes de Justice Militaire et Civile, incluant
son emploi à titre de procureur de la couronne dans le cadre
d'un échange avec le bureau du Procureur Général de
L'Ontario à Ottawa.
Au moment de sa nomination, le Capf Lamont était l'adjoint
à L'assistant du Juge-Avocat Général pour la région du
centre, responsable de la supervision des avocats militaires
de la force de réserve en Ontario. Durant son service à
titre D'avocat militaire, le Capf Lamont a aussi aidé le
Dpm, et a été le conseiller juridique pour le Qg de la 33
BDE et diverses unités de la force de réserve dans la région
D'Ottawa. Le Capf Lamont a été procureur et avocat de la
defense à differentes Cours Martiales, et il a plaidé des
appels devant la Cour D'Appel de la Cour Martiale du Canada.
(source: archive.org/web/20051129214457/http://www.forces.gc.ca/cmj/biosLamont_f.asp, visité le 14 janvier 2015)
Our constitution was amended
recently, so that Canada’s military judges are now entitled to
full membership in CAPCJ. We welcome the military judges and were
happy to see a number of them in attendance at our Moncton
conference. In October, I had the pleasure of traveling to
Ottawa to attend the swearing-in of the Chief Military Judge,
Colonel Mario Dutil, as well as two other judges of the court ,
Lieutenant-Colonels Louis-Vincent d’Auteuil and Jean-Guy
Perron.
Nous avons récemment amendé notre
constitution, de sorte que les juges militaires sont maintenant
éligibles à devenir membres à part entière de l’ACJCP. Nous leur
souhaitons la bienvenue et étions heureux de voir plusieurs
d’entre eux assister au colloque de Moncton. En octobre, j’ai eu
le plaisir de me rendre à Ottawa afin d’assister à
l’assermentation du juge militaire en chef, le colonel Mario
Dutil, ainsi que deux autres juges de la cour, les
lieutenants-colonels Louis-Vincent d’Auteuil et Jean-Guy Perron.
LANDRY, Rémi, "Was Former Captain Robert Semrau Solely
Responsible, From an Ethical Point of View, for Killing an Injured
Man?, (Spring 2012) 12(2) Canadian
Military
Journal 53-60; available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol12/no2/53-landry-eng.asp
(accessed on 2 September 2013) "; FRANÇAIS: LANDRY, Rémi, "Monsieur Robert Semrau, anciennement
capitaine, est-il, du point de vue éthique, le seul responsable
d'avoir achevé un blessé? Commentaires sur l'article du
Lieutenant-colonel (à la retraite) Peter Bradley, Ph.D.",
(printemps 2012) 12(2) Revue
militaire canadienne; disponible à http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol12/no2/53-landry-fra.asp
(vérifié le 2 septembre 2013);
___________on LANGIS, J.G., Major was defence counsel in R. v. Gagné 1974 CM 21, Standing Court Martial, 30 April 1974, Valcartier, Québec, source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1974-13;
LAPLANTE, Laurent, "Why a Specific Justice System for the
Military?", (1994) 10(3) Justice Report 6-8; Justice
Report is a publication of the Canadian Criminal Justice
Association; ****
FRANÇAIS: LAPLANTE, Laurent, "Questions sur une justice
spécifiquement militaire", (1994) 10(3) Actualités-Justice
6-8; Actualités-Justice est une publication de
l'Association canadienne de justice pénale; ****
LAPOINTE, Gabriel, avocat, ancien membre du JAG; research note by François Lareau: his brother, Jean Lapointe, is a former senator and Quebec singer (19 March 2018);
Un plaideur recherché
Diplômé en droit de l'Université Laval, Me Lapointe a
entrepris sa carrière en 1952 et il a occupé successivement, jusqu'à
1958, les fonctions de lieutenant d'artillerie au First Light Battery, Royal Canadian Artilleryet de capitaine au bureau du juge-avocat- général de l'Armée canadienne.
Il a décroché par la suite une maîtrise en administration des affaires à
Harvard, mais s'est dirigé rapidement vers le droit criminel, qui
comblait mieux ses aspirations que le droit corporatif.
Un des premiers avocats de la Couronne à temps complet à Montréal, en
1961, il n'a pas tardé à se faire remarquer devenant procureur en chef
en 1965. On se souviendra notamment de l'affaire du vol du camion postal
alors qu'affrontant seul les sept avocats des sept accusés, Me Lapointe a réussi à faire condamner les voleurs à des peines variant entre 25 et 35 ans.
En 1966, il a traversé la clôture et est devenu avocat de la défense. Là
aussi, il n'a pas tardé à se distinguer et à s'attirer le respect de
ses collègues criminalistes. Il a été impliqué dans des causes notoires,
difficiles (Claire Lortie, Henri Marchessault) et délicates (impliquant
des membres de la magistrature, les juges Dionne, Verreault, Léveillé,
Bienvenue et des politiciens). [lire l'article au complet à http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/journal/vol31/no16/lapointe.html, vérifié le 25 octobre 2017]
Source: www.iforum.umontreal.ca/Forum/ArchivesForum/2001-2002/011126/348.htm, accessed 11 August 2016 Andrée Laprise LAPRISE, Andrée, 1962-, Des civils internés pendant la
Deuxième guerre mondiale [microforme] : le camp des femmes de
Kingston, 1939-1943, [Montréal : Service des archives,
Université de Montréal, Section Microfilm], 2001. DESCRIPTION: 1
bobine de microfilm; 16 mm. NOTES: Thèse (M.A.)--Université de
Montréal, 2001. Comprend des réf. bibliogr (source: catalogue
AMICUS);
___________on LAREAU, François: born in Verdun, Province of Quebec, in the first half of the
XXth century, François Lareau obtained his law degree from the
University of Montreal in 1972. A member of the Quebec Bar
from 1974 to September 2014, he
obtained his master of laws degree (LL.M. with thesis)
in 1992 from the University of Ottawa.
He
has been a Lieutenant-Colonel with the Office of the Judge
Advocate General, Canadian Forces, 1974-1983, a lawyer with the Department
of Justice Canada, Criminal Law Review Section, and a senior
researcher with the Commission of
Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia.
He has also worked for the House of Commons. He is married
to Gisèle Lareau (née Bellemare). They have two
children. They are now four time grand-parents (November
2014)
image source: http://asted.org/formation-17-octobre-2016-comprendre-le-droit-d-auteur-dans-les-bibliotheques-8028.html, accessed 25 August 2016 Jules Larivière LARIVIÈRE, Jules, "La publication des décisions des tribunaux
fédéraux canadiens: un aperçu historique", (1995) 20(1) Canadian Law Libraries / Bibliothèques
de droit canadiennes 12;
LAROCHE, Louis, avocat de Québec attaché au HMCS de Montcalm, participe comme procureur de la poursuite à une cour martiale, voir "Cour martiale pour une fraude de $10,000.00", Progrès du Saguenay, mardi 7 septembre 1954 à la p. 6, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2619492 (accessed 20 August 2018);
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of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Image source: ca.linkedin.com/in/lynn-larson-a0a21328, accessed 25 August 2016 LARSON, Lynn, Testimony before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, 11 March 2009 on the
provisions and operation of an act to amend the National Defence Act (court martial) and to make a consequential
amendment to another act (S.C. 2008, c.29), Issue 3; testimony about the work of Mr. Justice Lamer review of Bill C-25;
Lynn Larson, Lawyer, as an individual: As a preliminary matter, I thank Jessica Richardson, clerk of the committee,
for all her help in getting me here. It was a surprise to receive the invitation, and I thank the committee for inviting me
to speak. You will note that my statement is in the plural. I do not have an imaginary friend. Catherine [McKenna] was supposed
to be with me today and was quite excited about providing our input to the committee. Unfortunately, she could not be
here, as Madam Chair explained.
My name is Lynn Larson. I am a lawyer. I would like to thank the committee for the opportunity to appear before
you today. Both Catherine McKenna and I enjoyed the privilege of working with the late Chief Justice Lamer during
his 2003 review of the provisions and operation of Bill C-25. I will refer to his report as the Lamer report just for
convenience throughout the question period.
My work with former Chief Justice Lamer began when I was an articling student and then continued as an associate.
I was assigned various duties on this file including research, organizing base visits and meetings with interested parties,
and assisting with pretty much anything that former Chief Justice Lamer requested of me. Ms. McKenna worked as an
associate similarly assigned to assist Chief Justice Lamer.
I would like to make clear at the outset that I am not an expert in criminal or military law, nor am I really in a
position to comment as to the extent to which the recommendations set out in the Lamer report have been or are in the
process of being implemented, but I would be interested to receive some questions on that point if you are interested.
Indeed, over five years have passed since the Lamer report was tabled in Parliament on November 5, 2003, and as you
all know, former Chief Justice Lamer himself passed away on November 24, 2007. I am, however, happy to provide
information regarding the process and approach followed by Chief Justice Lamer in drafting his report and developing
his recommendations. I can also provide some context regarding certain recommendations contained in the report that
appear most pertinent to the review of Bill C-60. However, I must make it clear that Chief Justice Lamer's report must
speak for itself and I cannot presume to speak on his behalf.
It would be useful to provide some background information regarding Chief Justice Lamer's report. As you are aware, unlike previous reports relating to the military justice system, such as those arising from the Somalia inquiry, the report was not precipitated by serious incidents. It arose out of the requirement that the Minister of National Defence arrange for an independent review of the provisions and operation of Bill C-25, which also sounds simple but
was not in practice. While Bill C-25 dealt with a variety of issues, one of the main areas subject to review was the
military justice system. A number of significant changes to the military justice system made by Bill C-25 were intended
to address perceived deficiencies within the military justice system, including the goal of establishing clear standards of
institutional separation between the investigative, prosecutorial, defence and judicial functions. The success of this goal
was, in turn, reviewed by former Chief Justice Lamer, and several of his recommendations were intended to form the
basis for further improvement.
Chief Justice Lamer was given complete access by the Minister of National Defence to the employees of the Department of National Defence, and officers and non-commissioned members of the Canadian Forces of all ranks, as
well as to any information relevant to the review. Chief Justice Lamer took a consultative approach to his review, as he
had the hope that sharing his concerns with the relevant people and affording them an opportunity to either institute
corrective measures or explain why his concerns were unjustified would result in expedient reforms addressing the
issues identified by him. During the six months Chief Justice Lamer was afforded to conduct this review, he consulted
numerous times with the judge advocate general, the director of military prosecutions, the director of defence counsel
services, the Canadian Forces military judges, soldiers of all ranks and many other people with expertise in matters
falling under Bill C-25.
Sessions were also conducted at bases across the country — Valcartier, Montreal, Comox, Esquimalt and Gagetown
— where, generally speaking, we had round tables with members involved in the military justice system in the morning
and confidential meetings with people who requested them in the afternoons. Chief Justice Lamer also received and
considered numerous submissions from interested parties in response to his call for comments published in the
Canadian Forces newspaper The Maple Leaf and base newspapers where feasible.
I believe it is accurate to say that Chief Justice Lamer found, as a result of the changes made by Bill C-25, that
Canada could boast of a very sound and fair military justice framework. However, as his recommendations demonstrate, there were areas where Chief Justice Lamer felt that further improvements could be made to improve the
military justice system, keeping in mind the requirement that such a system need often operate abroad under
circumstances of duress, hostility and outright war. As noted by Chief Justice Lamer, an independent military judiciary
is the hallmark of a fair military justice system, and we can confirm this was one of Chief Justice Lamer's guiding
principles when forming his recommendations.
LASH, J.A., Major, Deputy Judge Advocate General mentioned in "BRIG. M'RAE APPOINTED BRIGADIER-GENERAL", The Globe, Toronto, 27 January 1917, at p. 24;
Major J.A. Lash is relinquishing his appointment as Deputy Judge Advocate General. He will act in France as Colonel Bims' assistant.
LASH, John F. (John Francis), 1885-1950, Major, Deputy Judge Advocate-General of Canadian Forces in England, see Politics and the Canadian Army Medical Corps : a history of intrigue, containing many facts omitted from official records, showing how efforts at rehabilitation were baulked / by Herbert A. Bruce ; with introd. by Hector Charlesworth, Toronto : W. Briggs, 1919, 321 p. at pages 18 and 91: chart, map. ; 20 cm.;
___________on Lash, John Francis, see the article: John F. Lash. Lawyer, Director, Active in Sports Served Overseas", The Globe and Mail, Toronto, 1 November 1950, at p. 4; Mr. Lash died on 30 October 1950 at the age of 66;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca accessed 27 October 2018.
This paper was prepared to support comparative discussions about teaching international
relations and strategic studies in allied military colleges, at a workshop sponsored by the
Norwegian Military Academy, May 2015. Following discussions in June, it is now
intended to be one of three co-authored chapters. The second will be a perspective on the
evolution of teaching international subjects of RMC’s six decades of degree-granting
status. The third chapter will address larger questions of educational strategy and
strategic education of military leaders within a security complex.
"Late by 10", music band, playing Johnny B Goode, on YouTube
"Late by 10", music band, see web site at https://lateby10.com/, accessed 18 September 2018; music band formed of OJAG members!
source de l'image: https://ca.linkedin.com/pub/dir/Guy/Latour, consulté le 1er juin 2018 Guy Latour, l'auteur de l'article LATOUR, Guy, "Deux nouveaux membres au barreau", Le Journal de Joliette, 29 novembre 2011; au sujet notamment de Me Marc-André Ferron aujourd'hui membre du JAG;
"Deux avocats stagiaires du Directeur des poursuites criminelles et
pénales de Joliette ont été officiellement assermentés au barreau du
Québec, le 25 novembre dernier, au Palais de justice de Joliette. Il
s'agit de Me Marc-André Ferron et Me Louis-Philippe Mercier. Ceux-ci
poursuivront leur carrière à la couronne à Joliette. Sur la photo, Me
Ferron et Me Mercier sont accompagnés de Me Mario Prieur (au centre),
premier conseiller du barreau Laurentides-Lanaudière, qui a présidé l'assermentation." [source: lejournaldejoliette.ca/actualites/faits-divers/174669/deux-nouveaux-membres-au-barreau, vérifié le 1er mai 2018]
LAVIOLETTE, D., "Freedom Lost", (1993) 55(3) Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette 11-14;
Annotation The detention barracks in Edmonton, Canada, opened in
1959 as Disciplinary Barracks No. 10, can accommodate up to 116
military and civilian inmates.
Abstract The
inmates include military officers, noncommissioned military personnel,
and civilians subject to the Code of Service Discipline. Reasons for
incarceration range from insubordination to homicide. Individuals
sentenced to lengthy imprisonment are held until their court martial
appeal has been heard. If their sentence is upheld, they are transferred
to a civilian institution to complete their sentence. In any case, an
inmate can only be incarcerated at the detention barracks for a maximum
of 2 years less a day. Inmates receive eight marks a day which they can
accumulate to earn privileges and reduce their sentence. Corrective measures in the detention barracks include loss of marks, counseling,
warnings, and minor punishments such as additional drill. More stringent
corrective measures are implemented if necessary, including loss of
privileges for 7 days and solitary confinement. A life skills
enhancement program attempts to help inmates deal with alcoholism and
career problems. In addition, correctional staff undergo a 12-day course
that teaches them how to interact with inmates. [source: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails.aspx?id=141911, accessed 5 March 2018]
Source de l'image: http://www.lavoienotaire.ca/about-en.php, visité le 22 septembre 2016 Martial Lavoie LAVOIE, Martial Notaire, blog du, "Pouquoi avez-vous besoin d'un
avocat militaire devant une cour martiale", disponibe à http://notairemartiallavoie.com/juridique/avocat-militaire-cour-martiale.html
(vérifié le 28 août 2015);
La sélection d’un procureur
Pour défendre une cour martiale, vous avez besoin d’un
avocat plaidant. Les travaux d’essai militaire ne sont pas pour les amateurs. L’avocat militaire doit connaître les
lois militaires, les règlements et les procédures de la cour martiale à fond. Même si une cour martiale peut sembler un
peu comme un procès civil, il y a d’innombrables détails
essentiels que seul un avocat bien formés dans les procès
militaires verra. Aussi, votre avocat doit comprendre la
mission militaire et la façon dont les militaires pensent.
Tout au long du procès, votre avocat devra communiquer avec
les commandants militaires, des témoins, des enquêteurs
militaires, et les jurés militaires.
Tout aussi important, votre avocat doit être dédié à la
pratique du droit. Votre avocat doit avoir une expérience significative dans la salle d’audience. Il doit avoir pris
des cours de formation de haut vol et il doit continuer à s’entraîner et faire des recherches pour s’assurer que ses
compétences restent affûtées et sa connaissance de la loi ne
soit pas dépassée. Assurez-vous qu’il a passé sa carrière à
faire des essais contestées en cour martiale.
Votre avocat militaire doit avoir le savoir-faire et la
ténacité pour vous protéger contre le gouvernement et pour vous empêcher de dire ou de faire quelque chose qui va nuire
à votre cas. Il doit être prêt à vous dire ce que vous avez
besoin d’entendre, et pas seulement ce que vous voulez
entendre.
Peut-être plus important encore, votre avocat ne doit pas
avoir peur des enquêteurs militaires, et pas avoir peur de
prendre des cas difficiles dans une salle d’audience et de
durs combats pour les personnes accusées de crimes terribles. Trop nombreux sont les avocats militaires qui
craignent la salle d’audience et qui sont terrifiés à l’idée d’avoir à juger une affaire devant un jury. Malheureusement,
beaucoup d’avocats militaires ont trop confiance dans les
enquêteurs militaires, et une trop grande confiance dans les
commandants militaires. Même lorsque la culpabilité de
l’accusé est claire, vous avez encore besoin d’un combattant
pour s’assurer qu’il obtient une peine juste. Très souvent,
le combat le plus important est dans la phase de
détermination de la peine.
PART I THE DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF NATO AND THE OVERVIEW OF NATO BODIES PART II DECISIONMAKING AND DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT PART III INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND TO KEY NATO LEGAL DOCUMENTS PART IV KEY NATO LEGAL DOCUMENTS ON THE STATUS OF FORCES AND HEADQUARTERS PART V TREATY LAW, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND NATO PRACTICE PART VI LEGAL SUPPORT IN NATO PART VII PERSONNEL PART VIII OVERVIEW OF NATO PROCUREMENT, LOGISTICS OR SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS PART IX NATO RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL MATTERS PART X LOGISTICS PART XI LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND LEGAL BASIS OF MILITARY OPERATIONS PART XII INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT AND RULES OF ENGAGEMENT PART XIII ISSUES IN OPERATIONS: PECIAL OPERATIONS FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE PART XIV ISSUES IN OPERATIONS CLAIMS PART XV EU CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH NATO OPERATIONS PART XVI HUMAN RIGHTS IN MILITARY OPERATIONS
This year, for the first time, the Chief Justice of Canada and the Judge Advocate General of Canada will join the official party at the Cenotaph in Ottawa in recognition of the remarkable service and leadership o f Canada’s legal profession throughout our military history.
Image source:Riverwash Books (IOBA)(Prescott, ON, Canada)AbeBooks Seller, www.abebooks.com, accessed 20 May 2018
LAWSON, William J., The Canadian Constitution A Study of Our Government: A study of our system of government, Ottawa : Roger Duhamel, Queen's Printer, 1964, 31 pages, 8vo 8" - 9" tall: Cat. no.: SP7-964 ; copy at the University of Ottawa, KE 4128 .L29 1964; 1971 reprint of the 1964 edition; also published in French/aussi publié en français:La constitution canadienne une étude de notre système de gouvernement, [Ottawa : Impr. de la Reine, 1963], 31 p. ; 20 cm. Cat. no.: SP7-963F NOTES: "Edition revisée d'une brochure publiée en premier lieu en 1952, la première d'une série préparée pour les forces armées canadiennes sur la citoyenneté canadienne."
Judge Advocate General 1950-1969
William J. Lawson, source of photo: McDonald, R. Arthur, Canada's
Military Lawyers, infra, at p. 72
___________"Canadian Military Law" (1951) 29 Canadian
Bar Review 241-255, available at https://cbaapps.org/cba_barreview/Search.aspx?VolDate=09%2f01%2f2017 (accessed 22 September 2017); also
reproduced at (1951) 9 Judge Advoc. J. 1-12,
source: heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jajrnl11&div=4&id=&page=, accessed 18 November 2017
___________"Constitutional and Legal Aspects of Emergency Planning" EMO National Digest, vol. 3, number 6, December 1963; EMO=Emergency Neasures Organization; copy at the University of Ottawa, CA1 D84 E52, MRT Storage;
___________"The Judge Advocate General of the Canadian Forces
Addresses the Association", The Judge Advocate Journal, Bulletin
number 6, October 1950, at pp. 10-13; available at http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/JAG_Journal-No-6.pdf,
accessed on 22 December 2014;
__________on LAWSON, Brigadier-General William J., see "Canadian in Karachi", The Globe and Mail, Toronto, 25 October 1957 at p. 2;
x Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Image source: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/, accessed 27 May 2019, ProQuest Historical Newspapers
___________on LAWSON, Brigadier-General William J., see "Conscription charged", The Globe and Mail, 15 March 1967, at p. 8;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
Image source: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/, accessed 4 March 2019, ProQuest Historical Newspapers
___________on LAWSON, Brigadier-General William J., see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at pages 68, 71-73, 78, 82, 86, 90, 99, 101, 117, 209 and 217, available at i-xii
and 1-102 and
103-242;
___________Photo de promotion du Brigadier-général Lawson, La Presse, 1er juin 1950, à la p. 35 (recherche effectuée le 21 mars 2018)
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
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___________Photo du Brigadier-général Lawson, Le soleil, Québec, mercredi 13 octobre 1954, à la p. 30:
"ARRIVES SUR L' "ATLANTIC": Le paquebot de la Home Lines est arrivé hier matin à l’Anse-au-Foulon avec au delà de 1000 passagers à son bord. Parmi eux, on remarquait le major-général J.-P.-E. BERNATCHEZ, de Montréal, qui rentrait d’une visite aux troupes canadiennes cantonnées en Allemagne avec l’OTAN. On le voit ci-dessus, à gauche, avec son épouse venue le rencontrer, et le brigadier W.J. LAWSON, juge-avocat général de l'armée à Ottawa."
___________Photo of Brigadier-General with others, at the annual dinner of the Judge Advocates Association held in New York City on September 18, 1951, at the Park Lane Hotel., The Judge Advocate Journal, Bulletin, number 9, November 1951 at p. 24; available at https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/JAG_Journal-No-9.pdf (accessed 9 March 2019); The Judge Advocates Association "is an affiliatedorganization of the American Bar Association. composed of lawyers of all components of the Army, Navy, and Air Force".
___________Témoignage devant, Chambre des communes, Comité spécial des dépenses aux fins de la défense, Procès-verbaux et témoignages, fascicule 1, séances des mardi 27 janvier et jeudi 29 janvier 1953 (21e législature, 7e session; Président: M. David A. Croll), Ottawa: Edmond Cloutier, 1953; Note: "Le brigadier W.J. Lawson est appelé. Il donne lecture d'une déclaration concernant les irrégularités au camp de Petawawa, l'enquete menée à ce sujet et les dispositions qui ont ét prises. Le témoin est interrogé, puis se retire" (p. 7 du fascicule); copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX Parliamentary Doc, CA1 XC2 D23F; j'ai consulté ce document à la bibliothèque de la Faculté de droit, le 28 mai 2018 et il n'y avait que la version française; pour les recherches en anglais, voir House of Commons, Special Committee on defence expenditure, Minutes of proceedings and evidence;
____________ Testimony before the House of Commons, Special Committee on Bill No. 133An Act Respecting National Defence, Minutes of Proceedings
and Evidence: Special Committee on Bill No. 133 on Act
Respecting National Defence, Ottawa: Edmond Cloiutier, King's
Printer, 1950; eight numbers, No. 1 dated 23 May 1950 to No. 8
dated 6 June 1950, 360 p.; copy at the Library of Parliament, call
# J103 H7 1950 D4 A1 and at Library and Archives Canada; the
wallet of the Special Committe is located at the Library and
Archives Canada, Record Group # 14, 1987-88/146, Box 58
which contains the reports to the House, amendments, exhibits and
minutes; there is a Microfiche. [Toronto] : Micro Media Limited,
[1995?] -- 5 fiches ; 11 X 15 cms at the University of Ottawa, Off-Campus Storage - Annex
CA1 XC2 N14a 212; FRANÇAIS : ___________Témoignage devant la Chambre des communes, Comité spécial chargé d'étudier le Bill 133
intitulé Loi concernant la défense nationale, Procès-verbaux et
témoignages, Ottawa Edmond Cloutier, 1951, 8 fascicules (le 1er est du
mardi le 23 mai 1950); Note de recherche de
François Lareau: Il existe une
copie de ces procès-verbaux à la Librairie du Parlement, no
de cote J103H7 D4 A1 et à la Bibliothèque et Archives Canada; le
dossier du Comité spécial se trouve aux Archives nationales,
Ottawa, Record Group # 14, 1987-88/146, boîte 58 et il contient
les rapports à la Chambre des communes, les amendements, les
pièces et les procès-verbaux; on retrouve également une copie des
huit fascicules en français à la Bibliothèque Brian Dickson, de la
Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa, University of Ottawa, FTX Parliamentary Doc, CA1 XC2 D25F;
___________Testimony before the Senate Standing Committee on Banking and Commerce to whom was referred the Bill C-27, intituled: “An Act to amend the National Defence Act”, 2nd Session, 24th Parliament, 10th March 1959; available at https://archive.org/stream/bankingcommerce_52/bankingcommerce_52_djvu.txt (accessed 4 March 2018);
Brig. Lawson: We have had these rules of evidence prepared by the Law Faculty of Dalhousie University. The Dean and two of the senior members of the Faculty did the original draft of this code of evidence. Of course* we have worked on it in the office and made amendments to bring it more in line with our military requirements. In perfect fairness, I can say that the code certainly takes away no protection that the acculsed has under the ordinary law of evidence, and furthermore it gives him, if anything, some added protection that he does not have under the ordinary law of evidence.
The Chairman: Of course, I can see some advantages of a single code.
Senator Macdonald: Is that code still available?
Brig. Lawson: We have a first draft. It has not been approved by Governor
in Council, of course, because the section is not passed, but the minister under-
took in the Commons to table the code when it is printed, and I am sure he
will be pleased to have it tabled in the Senate when the section is passed.
Senator Macdonald: Is the Governor in. Council going to table this before
it is approved?
Brig. Lawson: No, I would not think so.
___________Testimony before the Standing Committee on Privileges and Elections, Minutes of proceedings and evidence re: Canada Elections Act, No. 4, Thursday, 17 March 1955, at pp. 103-131 (not all pages by Lawson);
Brigadier Lawson was questioned on the proposal of the Department of National Defence to extend the existing provisions of the Canadian Forces Voting Regulations, contained in Schedule Three to the Canada Elections Act, to the wives of members of the armed forces. [http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/spac-pspc/PF1-4-1955.pdf, Canadian Government Publication, Catalogue, 1955, at p. 56, accessed 19 October 2018]
___________Testimony before the Standing Committee on Privileges and Elections, 3rd session, 24th parliament, 8-9 Elizabeth II, 1960. Chairman: Mr. Heath Macquarrie. Minutes of proceedings and evidence respecting Canada Elections Act, see http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/spac-pspc/PF1-5-1960-6.pdf (accessed 28 February 2019);
No. 16, Tuesday, May 31, 1960. Pp. 425-465. Witnesses: Mr. Nelson Castonguay, Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. And from the Department of National Defence: Brigadier W. J. Lawson, Judge Advocate General; and Captain J. P. Dewis, RCN, Deputy Judge Advocate General. 350. per copy. a o• Cat. No. XC19-243/1-16
No. 17, Thursday, June 2, 1960. Pp. 467-496. Witnesses: Mr. Nelson Castonguay, Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. And from the Department of National Defence: Brigadier W. J. Lawson, Judge Advocate General; and Captain J. P. Dewis, RCN, Deputy Judge Advocate General. 250. per copy. * o o • Cat. No. XC19-243/1-17
The Right to Trial by Civilian Courts is
a working paper on the right of civilians to be tried, and to
have their rights—including rights to remedies—determined by
civilian courts. Production of the working paper was inspired
by the practice of repressive governments to delegate military
tribunals under the control of the executive, the power to
both try civilians and to try matters involving alleged
violations against civilians by military personnel. Such
trials do not comply with internationally protected rights to
a fair trial and due process and have resulted in unjust
convictions, arbitrary detentions and denial of remedies for
grave human rights abuses. LRWC invites feedback on changes
and additions to the working paper. (source:, http://www.lrwc.org/right-to-trial-by-civilian-courts-international-law-on-the-use-of-military-tribunals-to-determine-the-rights-of-civilians-working-paper/,
accessed 28 April 2015);
Source de l'image: https://twitter.com/sim00732, visité le 22 septembre 2016 Simon Leblanc
LEBLANC, Simon, "Cour martiale, le public est le bienvenu!", ADSUM,
Le journal bimensuel de la Comunauté militaire -- Région de l'est
du Québec; disponible à http://www.journaladsum.com/nouvelle.php?id=831
(vérifié le 14 septembre 2014);
Le premier maître de 1re classe Brian Lillie, du
cabinet du juge-avocat général région de Québec, a
constaté depuis son arrivée en poste que peu de gens
assistent aux cours martiales qui se déroulent à
Valcartier. Il croit que les militaires y perdent une
belle opportunité de développement professionnel.
C’est pour cette raison qu’il a fait appel au journal, afin
de faire savoir aux militaires et aux civils qu’ils sont les
bienvenus aux différentes audiences. «C’est important pour
les militaires d’assister à la cour martiale. Un jour ou
l’autre, ils peuvent être appelés à y participer.
D’ailleurs, ça peut les aider à mieux comprendre les
principes de droit applicables, même en matière
disciplinaire», affirme le pm1 Lillie.
Ce dernier précise qu’il est possible pour les militaires
de demander à leur supérieur d’assister à une cour martiale
lorsqu’ils sont en service, car l’exercice constitue une
forme d’apprentissage pour eux.
Ce sont 55 sous-officiers supérieurs qui ont pris part à des scénarios d’enquête fictifs, sous la direction de la juge-avocate adjointe (JAA), major Marie-Ève Tremblay, accompagnée du capitaine Henri Bernatchez, qui les familiarisaient avec les procédures entourantl’enquête disciplinaire.
source:theguardian.pe.ca/news/update-delays-hinder-progress-as-pei-court-martial-stumbles-out-of-the-gate-177663/ Major M.E. Leblond, 2018 accessed 25 June 2018 LEBLOND, M.E. (Marie-Élaine), Major, legal officer member of the OJAG; member of the Quebec Bar since 2008; works at AJAG Halifax (June 2018);
Source: commonlaw.uottawa.ca/en/people/bouthillier-yves, accessed 29 March 2017 Yves Le Bouthillier
LE BOUTHILLIER, Yves, "Claims for Refugee Protection in Canada by Selective Objectors: An Evolving Jurisprudence" in Ellner, Andrea, Paul Robinson, David Whetham, eds., When soldiers say no : selective conscientious objection in the modern military, Farnham, Surrey, England : Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2014, xvi, 271 pages, at pp. 155 to approx. 176; 24 cm. (series: Military and defence ethics), ISBN: 9781472412140 and ISBN1472412141; copy at University of Ottawa, Morisset Library MRT GeneralU 22 .W44 2014;
Image source: , accessed 13 November 2017 Harold Leduc LEDUC, Harold, Testimony of Harold Leduc, President, Canadian Peacekeeping Veterans Association, before the Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs of the Standing Senate Committee on
National Security and Defence, 28 November 2001 (37th Parliament,
1st Session: January 29, 2001
-
September 16, 2002), available at https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/SEN/Committee/371/vete/02eva-e?Language=F&Parl=37&Ses=1&comm_id=20 (accessed 12 November 2017); on "active service";
Mr. Leduc: Most of our members are members of the Legion. We believe in
the Legion, but we feel that it is off the rails right now.
We believe that the Government of Canada once knew how to look after our
veterans. In fact, the government treated the veterans very well after the
Second World War. They instituted the Veterans Charter, which looked after the
re-establishment of our active service veterans after the Second World War.
For the sake of clarity of this presentation, I will follow two central issues:
The first is active service, the second, compensation for active service. We
believe that these issues are at the root of the problem facing our veterans
today.
I have chosen bits and parts of some of my own family history of active service
to illustrate the historical background of active service in the Canadian
Military.
My first ancestor came here in 1691 as a soldier from France. In the early days
of New France we relied on other countries for our defence. As the country began
to establish itself Canadians were enlisted as captains in the militia. It was
during these years that the obligation of service began for all citizens between
the ages 16 to 65 years. These men could be called up in case of need.
This system worked with varying degrees of success; as long as the men were
called up between harvest-time everything was fine. Sometime after the battle of
the Plains of Abraham there was a split between the active and sedentary
militia.
During the War of 1812 Canadians fought for the first time as a force against
the Americans. One of my ancestors fought in the Battle of Chateaguay as a
militia member of the Canadian Voltigeurs. Ten days later, he was reassigned to
the British 48th Regiment. Men were interchangeable within units at the time.
With the passing of the Canadian Militia Act of 1855, we began to base our
military system on the British model.
The first significant force we sent overseas was for the Boar War, officially
called the South African War. We sent Canadian soldiers over as a special
service. Just after the turn of the 20th century our troops went over as an
expeditionary force.
We have been able to discover that the central orders that called citizens to
arms are Orders in Council. In this case, the Orders in Council were used to
bring Canadian citizens onto active service.
There are some basic items involved in those Orders in Council: the reason
troops are requested to go on active service, what is expected of them, the size
of the force necessary, and the authority of the Governor General to place on
active service either the regular or reserve forces inside or outside of Canada.
Annex A lists the periods of time that our modern day Canadian troops have been
on active service since 1950. The following two pages show that members of the
Canadian forces regulars have been on active service in Canada and abroad since
November 20, 1973. That has been a continuum.
Annex B defines the terms of enlistment. In this annex you will find a letter
from the Minister of National Defence clarifying some terms of the National
Defence Act and a definition of the Canadian forces regulars on active service.
On the following page you will find the details of when we were on active
service and a copy of the Privy Council orders. The letter outlines the practice
of the Privy Council Orders in Council, to put members of the forces on active
service. As well, it tells us that the practice of drafting Orders in Council to
put members of the forces on active service for service overseas stopped in 1989
because everyone was on active service in Canada and abroad. However, since
1973, NATO regular forces have been in active service in Canada and abroad.
The Chairman [Senator Michael A. Meighen]: Canadian Forces have been on active service, whether in
Canada or abroad, pursuant to that Order in Council of 1973?
Mr. Leduc: Yes, as well as the reserve forces when they are attached to
the regular forces overseas.
The Chairman: Is that indicated in the Order in Council, as well?
Mr. Leduc: Yes, it is in both of them. The National Defence Act also
indicates when they would be on active service.
LEE, C.R., Master Warrant Officer, Special Investigator Unit, Lahr, Federal Republic of Germany Lee, C.R., "Murder Investigation by Remote Control: The Pepin Case", The Thunderbird Journal, Number 1, 1991 at pp. 4-12, available at http://www.cmpa-apmc.org/uploads/7/1/9/7/71970193/1991_no._1_-_commemorative_edition_en.pdf (accessed 12 November 2017); about the case of Cpl Pepin, tried by General Court Martial in Lahr, Federal Republic of Germany, 6-18 March 1989; Cpl. Pepin pleaded guilty to a charge of manslaughter; prosecutor: LCol Denis Couture; defence counsel: Alain Ménard; victim: Antoinette Charest; JAG at the General Court Martial was Colonel Pierre Boutet; aussi disponible en français à https://www.cmpa-apmc.org/uploads/7/1/9/7/71970193/1991_nu._1_-_edition_commemorative_fr.pdf;
LEE, E.D., Major was the Judge-advocate in the general court martial referred in the article: "Soldier Murder Case Decision To Be Announced", Globe and Mail, 1946/05/29; available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5028160 (accessed 30 August 2018); Capt. A.D. Crowe was the prosecutor and Major J.C.A. Campbell from Camp Borden was defence counsel;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
LEE, F.J., Commander, was the military judge, i.e. President of the Standing Court Martial in R. v. Cameron 1986 CM 97, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 26 September 1986, source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military
law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1986-34;
Image
source: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/printview/?issn=0885-0607&subcategory=SS240000&linktype=7
, accessed 13 February 2015
LEFEBVRE, Stéphane, "Canada's Legal Framework for
Intelligence", (2010) 23(2) International
Journal
of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence 247-295;
Stéphane Lefebvre is Section Head -- Strategic Analysis at the
Centre for Operational Research and Development Canada
(CORA), Research and Development Canada (DRDC);
Source de l'image: http://www.operationspaix.net/39-banque-d-experts-legault-dr-albert.html, vérifié le 22 septembre 2016 Albert Legault
LEGAULT, Albert, “Civil-Military Relations: Democracy and Norm Transfer”, in Albert Legault and Joel Sokolsky, eds., The Soldier and the State in the Post-Cold War Era , Kingston: Queen's Quarterly Press, 2002, 236 p., ISSN 0033-6041;
___________dir., “La commission d'enquête sur la Somalie”, Le maintien de la paix, bulletin no. 22, avril 1996; titre noté dans mes recherches mais non consulté (10 septembre 2015);
___________on LEGAULT, Albert, see "Parizeau sees no problem in forming Quebec army Series: Quebec Decides: [Final Edition]", The Ottawa Citizen, 18 August 1994, at p. A4; note: "Albert Legault director general of the Quebec Centre for International Relations at Laval University;
The Parti Quebecois leader reiterated his desire for a Quebec army while campaigning recently in Montreal. "We'll need one, he said Monday. "Maybe not as elaborate as the Canadian army but we'll need one.
Sources say the PQ has approached some army personnel over the past 18 months, laying the groundwork for a Quebec army.
Albert
Legault, director general of the Quebec Centre for International
Relations at Laval University, conducted a major study 18 months ago for
the Quebec government on armed forces in an independent Quebec.
Quebec could afford a small armed forces, Legault said, particularly since the branch it would need most, the army, is the least expensive to equip.
The
PQ favors a coast guard; it sees no need for an ocean-going navy. It
would want to keep some of the aircraft Quebec taxpayers helped buy --
perhaps including the super-sophisticated CF-18 jet-fighter, Legault
said.
__________“Réflexions sur la politique de défense du Canada et sur celle d'un éventuel Québec indépendant” dans Les implications de la mise en oeuvre de la souveraineté : Les aspects juridiques, les services gouvernementaux (Exposés
et études vol. 2), Commission d'étude des questions afférentes à
l'accession du Québec à la souveraineté, Québec, 1992, p. 309-393; titre noté dans mes recherches mais non consulté (10 septembre 2015); voir sa mise à jour à http://www.ieim.uqam.ca/IMG/pdf/politique-defense_Canada-Quebec.pdf (vérifié le 11 mars 2017);
LEGAULT, Roch, "L'organisation militaire sous le régime
britannique et le rôle assigné à la gentilhommerie canadienne
(1760-1815)", (1991) 45(2) Revue
d'histoire de l'Amérique française 229-249; disponible
à http://www.erudit.org/revue/haf/1991/v45/n2/304967ar.pdf
(vérifié le 5 juin 2012); contribution à la recherche
historique importante;
LÉGER, André R., Major, The
legal and ethical considerations for Canada in using
non-lethal weapons in an operational environment, Toronto,
Ont. : Canadian Forces College, 2006, iii, 64 p.; available
at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/292/286/leger.pdf
(accessed
on 2 January 2012);
Summary
“This paper examines some of the legal and ethical considerations
of using non-lethal weapons, raises some concerns which the
Canadian Forces should address if some of the new non-lethal
weapons are to be incorporated into the National Use of Force
Model, and presents some recommendations to ease in the transition
of these new options. This paper concludes by recommending the
introduction of the Taser into the Canadian Forces Military Police
Branch. Since the early 12th century, there have been efforts by
the church and state(s), and more recently the international
community to codify the laws of armed conflict. Although the
international community recognized a nation’s right to use deadly force in defence of its national interests, international treaties
like the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of
War on Land, ratified in 1907, forbid the use of arms, calculated
to cause unnecessary suffering. But what constitutes unnecessary
suffering? The existing international treaties are insufficient to
support and provide guidance to nations which currently use or are
considering using some of the new non-lethal weapons. The manner
in which some non-lethal weapons function may render an opponent
incapacitated, but will result in the infliction of some pain and
suffering. Therefore, is it better to kill your opponent,
accepting the fact that there may or may not be any suffering, or
is it better to use a non-lethal weapons which will incapacitate
your opponent but is specifically designed to cause suffering, the
infliction of which is contrary to the Hague Convention (IV)? The
dilemma of using non-lethal weapons to incapacitate, even though
it was designed to cause some suffering, also brings the Just War
Theory, ethical criteria of proportionality into play. Is the
critical issue the survival of the opponent, regardless of the amount of pain inflicted, or is the most important consideration
the infliction of suffering, and whether or not that suffering is
temporary or permanent. The selection of a suitable non-lethal
weapon for the CF must be examined from both a legal and ethical
perspective. Once a suitable non-lethal weapon has been
identified, the CF must educate the Canadian public on the
specifics of the weapon while dispelling non-lethal weapon myths, and we must properly train our soldiers so that they will be able
to perform their duties with complete confidence in the non-lethal
weapon and the chain of command. By understanding the implications
and potential pitfalls of using a specific non-lethal weapon, we
will be better prepared to provide these new options to our
soldiers.” - Author's abstract [source: http://ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 January 2012]
LÉGER, Francis A. (Frank; F.A.), 1920-, "Application de la loi étrangère dans le droit
militaire canadien", (1970) 9(2) Revue de droit pénal militaire et de droit de la guerre/The Military Law and Law of War Review
393-395; le colonel Francis (Frank) Léger fut membre du cabinet du
JAG; il présida de nombreuses cours martiales;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
____________"Military Criminality in Canada" , (1970) 9(2) Revue de droit pénal militaire et de droit de la guerre/The Military Law and Law of War Review 297-300;
___________on LEGER, Colonel Frank, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at pages 77 and 104, available at i-xii
and 1-102 and
103-242;
"The defence and prosecution staffs pose in front of the renamed Normandy Building of the Maple Leaf Barracks. Wady Lehmann is on the far right, front row in the the light-coloured overcoat."
LEHMAN, Wady, "Recollections Concerning War Crimes Investigations
and Prosecutions”, (2002) 11(4) Canadian Military History
70-80; available at http://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1335&context=cmh (accessed 21 January 2016);
General Henault also indicated that the Judge Advocate General (JAG), Brigadier-General Jerry Pitzul, played a particularly important internal role: “Jerry was as consistent and as honest as you could get in that respect. There was no arm twisting that he would allow.” While there is a danger of exaggerating, the fact is the JAG enjoyed very powerful influence over military plans by virtue of his unchallengeable ability to determine what was legal and what was not. This was reinforced by the fact that the Chief of Defence Staff was not his only boss. Rather, the JAG was also responsible for providing legal advice to the Defence Minister and Governor-General and thus enjoyed a certain independence, and with that a level of freedom from "arm twisting." (footnotes omitted; p.188).
Image source: http://www.dal.ca/dept/cfps/publications/AtWhatCost.html, accessed 9 April 2016 ___________At what cost sovereignty? : Canada-US military interoperability in the war on terror, Halifax, NS : Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, 2013, ISBN: 9781896440729 (pbk.); see Table of Contents
at http://www.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/images/cfps/pubs/cfps_lerhetableofcontents-chapter1.pdf
(accessed on 11 May 2014); see also his thesis with about the same title, supra;
___________Commander Eric Lehre was once suspended, court-martialed and reinstated for looking at pornography on his dnd-cf-navy laptop, court martialed and re-instated, see:
Remarkably, Lehre is the victim of his own honesty. The offence only
came to light when he declared that it would be inappropriate for
himself to participate in a court martial of a sailor charged with
misuse of a Navy computer.
- Image source: web.archive.org/web/20011101084125/http://www.dnd.ca: 80/jag/hl_courtsmartialresults_e.html#top, accessed 19 December 2017
- Commodore Eric Lehre reinstated as Commander Canadian Fleet Pacific:
Source: web.archive.org/web/20011114230235/ http://www.dnd.ca:80/eng/archive/2001/aug01/20defence_n_e.htm, accessed 19 December 2017
___________"Connecting the
dots" and the Canadian counter-terrorism effort-- steady
progress or technical, bureaucratic, legal and political
failure? [electronic resource], Calgary, Alta. : Canadian
Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute, 2009 (Saint-Lazare,
Quebec : Gibson Library, 14 p.; available at http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Connecting%20the%20Dots%20and%20the%20Canadian%20Counter-terrorism%20Effort.pdf
(accessed on 31 May 2012);
Even when all the departments
assemble, not all can share data. While in a perfect data sharing
structure each agency would have access to the other’s database to
allow instantaneous “dot” connection across the government’s data
systems, technology and legal concerns are reportedly hampering
that effort.18 These combined maritime centres hoped to overcome
this by collecting the various departments’ officers with their
separate databases into a single room where face–to-face exchanges
might move the information instead. Regrettably, even this
sub-optimal approach was occasionally thwarted with an officer at
one MSOC claiming in 2006 that, “anything collected under the
auspices of the Customs Act cannot be shared with any other
department. It can be as benign as the name of a ship.”
This, of course, dooms any effort to connect all the elements of
the myriad data that can provide warning of a developing terrorist
attack. In response to these barriers, the Department of National
Defence has recently started ‘war gaming’ cross-government legal
activities within its maritime exercises. In 2007, for example,
legal teams from across government and the United States
participated in exercise FRONTIER SENTINEL, an attempt to isolate
the legal barriers in the operations that cross-departmental and
national boundaries. When an exercise event failed because of a
perceived legal or procedural impediment these teams either resolved the impasse or recorded it
for later analysis and, one hopes, correction. [p. 3]
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___________on Commodore Eric Lehre, see Maltas, Robert, "Web-surfing commodore fined $200.00", The Globe and Mail, 17 August 2001, at p. A1;
___________ Setting the limits
on parliamentary influence : the 1994 Defense Policy Review,
Thesis (M.A.)--Dalhousie University, 1996, 469 p.; title noted in
my research but thesis not consulted yet;
In the past Parliament's influence
in defence matters was limited to scrutinizing the government's
policies. This thesis will argue that the 1994 Defence Policy
Review marks an important departure from this narrow approach. As
the paper traces why this review was different, it will conclude
that Parliament's participation was not only far greater than past
efforts but also that those efforts substantially affected the
government's subsequent defence policy. For perhaps the first time
Parliament made defence policy. The thesis will also argue that
despite this new power, significant limits on Parliament's policy
influence still remain because it is failing in its traditional
scrutiny function. It will conclude by offering recommendations to
improve this. [Source: AMICUS catalogue]
LEMON, Brent (Brent Kenneth), Lieutenant (N), member of the OJAG, regular force; he attended the 2019 mandatory legal officer qualification course at
Canadian Forces Military Law Centre, CFB Kingston, see Access to
Information Act, DND Acess to Information and Privacy letter dated 12
June 2019, File A-2019-00289; works as Deputy Judge Advocate at CFB Borden (information as of 18 June 2019);
Finally,our humanitarian law working group, led by Glenn Gibson (3L) and Brent Lemon (2L), continued our long-standing partnership with the International Committee of the Red Cross to update their quarterly bibliographywhich provides annotations of materials related to international humanitarian law to assist academics, policy makers, and military officials. This year, the working groupprovided 44 abstracts for inclusionaddressing issues from the use of biological weapons to the care of thewounded and sick.This partnership has proven so successful that the ICRC is now reaching out to other university-based human rights programs to contribute to the bibliography.
LENNOD, C.K., Major, attached to London office as Deputy Judge Advocate General in 1917, see "Canadians Appointed", The Globe, Toronto, 10 August 1917 at p. 6;
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Source: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca...., accessed 5 March 2019 ProQuest Historical Newspapers
LEONARD, S., lawyer with the OJAG; was with the Directorate of Defence Counsel Services in the case of Liwyj A.E. (Corporal), R. v., 2008 CM 2001 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/27zp1> (accessed 10 May 2018);
LEONARD, Shaina, "Canadian Military Tribunals: A Constitutional Analysis", 2012 "independent research paper supervised" by Eric M. Adams, professor Faculty of Law, University of Alberta; title noted in professor Adans's c.v., posted on the internet, in pdf format, accessed 24 September 2015; Shaina Leonard works for the Public Prosecution Service of Canada;
____________ Jus Post Bellum: The Case for a Light
Footprint "Plus" Approach to Post-Conflict Peacebuilding,
LL.M. thesis, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 2014, viii,
108 leaves, thesis supervisor: professor Joanna Harrington;
available at https://era.library.ualberta.ca/public/view/item/uuid:5270f55c-df00-4a3d-9042-028d0653b231/,
accessed 13 February 2015); Shaina Leonard is a former member of
the office of the Judge Advocate General;
The term jus post
bellum is used increasingly to refer to the legal frameworks
applied in post-conflict peacebuilding projects. This thesis
considers the recent application of three jus post bellum
frameworks in states emerging from conflict to determine which framework has the greatest potential for success in terms of
securing lasting peace and security in the post-conflict
state. The three frameworks considered are: the law of
occupation applied in Iraq, the United Nations-led interim
administrations applied in Kosovo and East Timor, and the
light footprint approach applied in Afghanistan. The thesis
concludes that the light footprint approach, with its focus on
local ownership over the peacebuilding process, should be
considered for future post-conflict states, but with enhanced attention to security and coordination. A light footprint
“plus” approach that includes increased international support
and mentorship is advocated as the clearest route to lasting
peace and security. This thesis concludes that the law of
occupation is not an effective tool for post-conflict
peacebuilding because it restricts the types of changes that
can be made within the post-conflict state and it only arises in rare instances of international armed conflict. In Kosovo
and East Timor, the UN-led interim administrations took
control of all aspects of governance and made significant
changes. While UN-led interim administrations can bring about
significant post-conflict change, the lack of popular
consultation and perceived lack of accountability makes them
less desirable as post-conflict peacebuilding frameworks. In
Afghanistan, peace builders were wary of the risks of imposing
change on the Afghan people and adopted a light footprint
approach that allowed Afghan authorities to lead post-conflict
rebuilding efforts. Unfortunately, the international community
did not provide sufficient support to the Afghans, the result
of which was a poor security environment, an uncoordinated
approach, and a failure to incorporate existing judicial
frameworks into the new institutions of government. Although
the light footprint approach is considered a failure in
Afghanistan, a light footprint “plus” approach cannot be
discounted for future peacebuilding initiatives. (source: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/public/view/item/uuid:5270f55c-df00-4a3d-9042-028d0653b231/,
accessed 13 February 2015)
LÉONARD, Vincent (V.J.P.M.), avocat, membre du Barreau du Québec depuis 2004, cabinet du Juge-avocat général (renseignement au 27 juin 2018);
Emmanuelle Léonard-Dufour LEONARD-DUFOUR, Emmanuelle, legal officer in the Canadian Armed Forces since August 2017, see https://ca.linkedin.com/in/emmanuelle-leonard-dufour-9b662984 (accessed 18 November 2017); as regular force legal officer, she attended the 2019 mandatory legal officer qualification course at
Canadian Forces Military Law Centre, CFB Kingston, see Access to
Information Act, DND Acess to Information and Privacy letter dated 12
June 2019, File A-2019-00289;
Source de l'image: pulaval.com/produit/la-constitution-bilingue-un-projet-inacheve, consulté le 9 décembre 2018 LEONARD-DUFOUR, Emmanuelle, Mark C. Power, Marc-André Roy, "L’adoption de la version française des textes constitutionnels ayant valeur officielle uniquement en anglais -- Le recours aux tribunaux ou à la volonté politique pour parvenir au bilinguisme constitutionel" dans Cardinal, LInda, 1959- et François Larocque, sous la direction de, La Constitution bilingue du Canada : un projet inachevé, [Québec] : Presses de l'Université Laval, [2017], 334 p., au chapitre 6, aux pp. 127 à approx. 177, SERIES: Collection Prisme (Presses de l'Université Laval), ISBN: 9782763731483 (PDF);
Maurice Lepage, la source de cette photo est L'Action catholique, samedi, 29 juin 1946, à la p. 20, disponible à collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3523519 (consulté le 27 janvier 2019)
LEPAGE, Maurice, capitaine, avocat, deuxième guerre mondiale, ville de Québec, département du Juge-avocat général, voir "Lévis et la banlieue", L'action catholique, jeudi, 11 juillet 1946, à la p. 14; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3523530 (consulté le 26 janvier 2019);
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L’armée dépense près de 700 M$ par année en
éducation et formation pour ses membres. Mais les soldats
ne vont pas seulement dans les écoles militaires. L’armée
permet à ses officiers de parfaire leur formation dans les universités les plus prestigieuses du monde.
Non seulement ils continuent de recevoir leur plein
salaire, mais tous leurs frais sont remboursés durant la
formation.
Depuis 20 ans, près d’une cinquantaine de militaires vont à
l’étranger chaque année et plusieurs ramènent des factures de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de dollars.
Notre Bureau d’enquête a d’ailleurs épluché le parcours
d’un juge militaire. L’État a payé, en un an, 246 888 $ afin
qu’il réalise une maîtrise à la prestigieuse université
London school of Economics, en Angleterre. De ce montant, on
constate que le militaire a facturé beaucoup à l’État,
malgré son important salaire. Même ses crayons stylo de
quelques dollars y ont passé.
Un juge avocat-général adjoint a quant à lui fréquenté
l’Université Cambridge, aussi en Angleterre. Les
contribuables ont payé 302 473 $ pour sa maîtrise. Il avait
aussi, au début des années 90, fait une maîtrise à London
school of Economics, au coût de 205 000 $ pour les
contribuables.
Nos documents montrent que certains officiers passent
parfois le tiers de leur carrière sur les bancs d’école,
payés par leur employeur, l’armée canadienne.
Ces années d’études comptent aussi pour leur pension et ils
reçoivent leur salaire, ce qu’on retrouve rarement au
privé. L’armée n’a pas commenté.
___________La milice du district
de Montréal, 1787-1829, essai d'histoire socio-militaire,
thèse de doctorat en histoire, Université du Québec à Montréal,
2005, 684 p;
:
__________Le
Québec et la guerre de 1812, Presses de l'Université
Laval, 2012, 142 p., ISBN: 978-2-7637-9959-9; voir "La désertion
et les cours martiales", aux pp. approx. 118-124;
LESAGE, Patrick J., former Chief Justice of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, as an individual, testimony on Bill C-15,An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts -- this Bill has the Short Title:Strengthening Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, issue 38, 28 May 2013, minutes and evidence;
__________research note: LESAGE, Patrick J., was appointed by the Minister of National defence as the Second Independent Review authority, see http://www.lareau-legal.ca/dnd12.pdf (accessed 18 April 2019);
2011 --
Second Five Year Review of Bill C-25 (a few years late)
/
2011 -- Deuxième révision quinquennale du projet de loi C-25 (avec quelques années de retard)
- I informed the Minister that he
willfully does not follow the law by refusing to have an
independent
review of the Act.. /
J'informe le ministre qu'il ne suit pas la loi en refusant de
tenir un examen indépendant de la loi...
- On 25 March
2011 (and quite late), the Minister directs that the second
review be held /
Le 25 mars 2001 (et avec beaucoup de retard), le ministre
ordonne la tenue du deuxième examen
- The LeSage
Report -- put on the internet on 2 August 2012/
Le rapport LeSage -- mis sur l'internet le 2 août 2012
LESIEUR, François, A New
Appeal to Canadian Military Justice: Unconstitutionality of
Summary Trials Under Charter 11(d), master's
dissertation, not available for consultation / mémoire de
maîtrise, non disponible pour consultation, University of Ottawa /
Université d'Ottawa, mentioned at /mentionné à (automne 2010) 69 La revue du Barreau du Québec
374; on 17 February 2011 Mr. LeSieur sent me his work on pdf
format with the new title A New
Appeal to Canadian Military Justice: Constitutionality of
Summary Trials Under Charter 11(d) which is now
available at http://www.lareau-legal.ca/LeSieur.pdf (put on internet 17
February 2011); you can communicate with the author at f_lesieur@hotmail.com
Source of image: http://lmlaw.ca/robert-j-lesperance/, accessed 2 November 2015 Robert J. Lesperance LESPERANCE, Robert J., LCol, "2006 JAG Commendation", (2007) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 86;
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___________"Legal aspects of requests for cross border military assistance [presentation slides]" in The 2010 International Law Conference : the future of Canada-U.S. cross-border relations, [Ottawa, Ont.] : Canadian Bar Association, 2010, Notes: "May 6-7, 2010 ... Vancouver, B.C., "Presented by the Canadian Bar Association's
National International Law Section and the National Continuing Legal
Education Committee"; source: http://library.lsuc.on.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=594&recCount=10&recPointer=3&bibId=59936, accessed 9 October 2017;
Les trois SS canadiens furent capturés par l’armée britannique alors
qu’ils tentaient de se dissimuler parmi des prisonniers de guerre alliés
quand les soviétiques ont pris Berlin et que le régime nazi s’est
effondré. Galaher fut condamné par une cour martiale canadienne à
l’emprisonnement à perpétuité [...]
------------- Just Letellier From the left: a person -- I don't remember her name, François 1961, Metz France Lareau and Just Letellier, Lahr, circa 1982 (photo by François Lareau) Source of image: detail of a group photo in McDONALD, R.
Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), Canada's Military Lawyers, infra, at p. 93.
LETELLIER de St-Just, Just P., former Judge Advocate General officer and military Judge; deceased, married to Diana Arnison; graduated from Université Laval; Chair of the Pension Review Board, 1985-1987, Chair of the Veterans Appeal Board, 1987-1989; research made on 7 February 2016;
source:collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3172283 , consulté le 6 mai 2018 Just Letellier de St-Just, alors qu'il était avocat et commandant en second du H.M.C.S. Montcalm, journal Le soleil, 6 mars 1953, à la p. 13.
___________nécrologie:
LETELLIER DE ST-JUST (Just)
À Charlottetown, le 15 décembre 1989, a l’âge de 63 ans, est décédé Monsieur Just Letellier De St-Just, époux en premieres noces de feu Greta Corriveau et en secondes noces de Diana Arnison, il demeurait a Charlottetown. Il laisse dans le deuil, outre son épouse ses fils: Marc (Anne Clément) et Paul d’Ottawa; sa mère Mme Cécile Lord Letellier de St-Just et ses soeurs Louise et Nicole de Quebec. Le service religieux sera célébré le mercredi 20 décembre 1989 a 11 h en l'église St-Isidore a Kanata, Ontario. La famille recevra les condoléances une demi-heure avant la cérémonie. Des dons à la Fondation du Québec des Maladies du coeur seraient appréciés. [source: consulté le 5 mai 2018]
___________on LETELLIER, Colonel Just, presiding a Standing Court Martial, see the article: "Transport rules often bent, court-martial told", The Globe and Mail, 10 September 1977, at p. 5;
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Image source: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/...., accessed 29 September 2018 ProQuest Historical Newspapers
___________on LETELLIER, Colonel Just, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at pages 104 and 213, available at
103-242;
LETENDRE, Robert W., Pretrial
Restraint: A Comparative Historical Analysis of American,
British and Canadian Military Law, Thesis--The
Judge Advocate General's School, United States Army, 1969; 80
leaves; available at http://cdm15962.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15962coll7/id/78 (accessed 27 September 2016);
In Canada prosecutions before disciplinary board for
disciplinary offences such as conduct prejudicial to the
profession do not create rise to a criminal record. The same
act, however, may give rise to a criminal prosecution where,
upon conviction, the accused will inherit a criminal record.
In Canadian military law, the situation is different. Some
disciplinary offences prosecuted before service tribunals,
although not criminal in any way, may upon conviction saddle
an accused for life with a criminal record.
___________"Another step towards the protection of the accused
before military courts", Global Military Justice Reform web
site, blog, 17 April 2014, available at http://globalmjreform.blogspot.ca/2014/04/another-step-towards-protection-of.html
(accessed on 18 April 2014); discusses the case of In The
Queen v. Wehmeier 2014 CMAC 5 (Court Martial Appeal Court
of Canada);
"However, with the exception of murder, manslaughter
and abduction of children committed in Canada, all other
ordinary criminal law offences, whether committed at home or
abroad by members of the Canadian Forces, in all likelihood
will be prosecuted before and tried by a military tribunal,
thereby depriving the accused of the constitutional right to a
jury trial guaranteed by par.11(f) of the Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms.
The constitutional protection applies to persons tried by
civilian courts for serious offences punishable by an
imprisonment of five years or more, but is denied when the
trial takes place before a military tribunal.
In my respectful view, as a matter of public policy,
equality of rights and treatment before and under the law as
well as fairness, no serious ordinary criminal law offence
punishable by imprisonment for five years or more should be
prosecuted before a military tribunal under the guise of
discipline in peacetime.
Not unlike a police officer, a soldier is a citizen in
uniform. Like the police officer he should be prosecuted
before a civilian tribunal where he would regain his
constitutional right to a jury trial."
___________"Comment to the blog article by Eugene R. Fidell,
"Statement by Gabriela Knaul, UN Special Rapporteur on the
Independence of Judges and Lawyers", Global Military Justice
Reform web site, blog, 23 February 2014; available at http://globalmjreform.blogspot.ca/2014/02/statement-by-gabriela-knaul-special.html
(accessed on 22 December 2014); lien important;
Portée et Contenu:
Le fonds comprend des documents qui permettent d'éclairer la
façon de travailler d'un président d'une importante commission d'enquête relative au déploiement des Forces cannadiennes en
Somalie. Les documents permettent de voir l'évolution, le cheminement intellectuel et les commentaires d'un commissaire
ainsi que ses méthodes de travail pendant l'enquête. Les notes
d'audiences, les annotations diverses et la correspondance
sont particulièrement intéressantes pour étudier non seulement le travail interne mais le mandat, le processus et le
fonctionnement de la commission. On retrouve non seulement des
notes et de la correspondance mais aussi des agendas, des
minutes, des rapports, des allocutions et des communiqués de
presse.
In this episode, Pierre Donais sits down with Gilles Létourneau. Justice
Gilles Létourneau was appointed Judge of the Federal Court of Canada,
Appeal Division and ex officio member of the Trial Division, and Judge
of the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada on May 13, 1992, as well as
Chairman of the Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian
Forces to Somalia on March 20, 1995. Prior to that, he had been
appointed President of the Law Reform Commission of Canada on July 5,
1990. He also contributed to several major legislative reforms in
Quebec.
___________"L'exemple du Canada" in Ministère de la défense, Colloque: Droit pénal et défense,École militaire 27 et 28
mars 2001, Paris: Ministère de la défense, Secrétariat général pour l'administration, Direction des affaires juridiques, 2001, 202 p.,
aux pp. 121-139; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article non
consulté;
___________"A move towards equality of rights for Canadian
soldiers", Global Military Justice Reform web site, blog,
Wednesday 19 March 2014, available at http://globalmjreform.blogspot.ca/
(accessed on 20 March 2014);
In Canada, pursuant to ss. 60 and 273 of the National
Defence Act (Act), civilian criminal courts and
military tribunals have concurrent jurisdiction to try
ordinary criminal law offences committed by persons subject to
the military Code of Service Discipline, even when
they are committed outside Canada. This is due to the fact
that s. 130 of the Act transforms all ordinary criminal law offences into service offences, i.e., disciplinary
offences. This duality of jurisdictions begs the traditional
thorny questions: who should prosecute what, when, where, why,
how and under what conditions? While the answers to these
questions are important for the following reasons, they are
not easily found.
___________testimony of Gilles Létourneau, Retired Judge of the Federal Court of Appeal and the Court Martial Appeal Court on Bill C-15,An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make
consequential amendments to other Acts -- this Bill has the
Short Title:Strengthening Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act,
- before the House of Commons Standing Committee on National
Defence, meeting number 65, 11 February 2013, minutes and evidence; - - before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, meeting issue 38, 29 May 2013, minutes and evidence;
The Canadian penal military justice system is in need of
fundamental reform, not mere tinkering. So far there has
been some changes to the system, a great many of them in the
field of penal and disciplinary justice which were imposed
by judicial decisions of the Court Martial Appeal Court
(CMAC) and the Supreme Court of Canada.
It took more than 19 years of costly litigation to achieve
an incomplete independence of military judges: see Leblanc
v. R., 2011 CMAC 2, R.v. Lauzon (1998),
6 C.M.A.C. 19 and R.v. Genereux (1992) 1
S.C.R. 259. They still hold a rank inferior to over 100
officers who fall under their penal and disciplinary
jurisdiction. As their judicial independence grew, military
judges have become more assertive. Improved fairness and
justice are already visible on this front.
The same cannot be said, however, of both the existing
Prosecutorial and Defence Services which fall under the
general supervision of the Judge Advocate General (JAG). The
potential for unwarranted command influence is great on both
Services, either in the form of active or refraining
influence on the lawyers who operate in these Services.
Their pay increase is linked to their performance assessed
by their superior, i.e. the JAG. It is also the case for
their promotion or task assignment within the Canadian
Forces as a whole
While
the term “JAG” leads one to believe that, in Canada, the
person appointed to that position is a judge, he is not a
judge at all. He is a senior legal adviser to the Governor
General, the Minister of National Defence (Minister), the
Defence Department and the Canadian Forces, in matters
relating to military law. He is also responsible to the
Minister in the performance of his or her duties and
functions: see ss.9.1 and 9.3 of the National Defence
Act. This is a far cry from a judge who enjoys
judicial independence, especially independence from the
chain of command. In plain and simple words he is a
lawyer. He is himself part of the chain of command as the
Commander of all military lawyers. He attends all senior
management meetings at National Defence Headquarters.
.....
I
think it is fair to say that the misnomer is confusing and
misleading for everybody, especially the lay person, but
convenient for the incumbent. The title JAG is a remnant
of a distant past. For the sake of clarity and the better
administration of military justice, the title should
be changed to reflect the current reality as well as the
conditions and benefits which attach to the function that
it is rather than the function that it is not.
___________"Text of Oral Remarks on Bill C-15 -- Strengthening
Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Delivered by the
Honorable Justice (retired) Gilles Létourneau", 11 February 2013,
7 p.; Note: on 20 March 2013, the clerk of the National Defence
Standing Committee of the House of Commons, Leif-Erik Aune, sent
me a copy of the public briefs submitted by witnesses under the
committee's study of Bill C-15, the Strenghtening Military Justice in the Defence of
Canada Act, First reading, 7 October 2011; also available
in French; FRANÇAIS:
___________"Observations sur le projet de loi C-15 -- Loi
visant à renforcer la justice militaire pour la défense du Canada
présentées par l'honorable juge (à la retraite) Gilles
Létourneau", 11 février 2013, 8 p.; le projet de loi C-15 a reçu
sa première lecture le 7 octobre 2011;
All good things must come to an end. This is also true of bad things.
According to critics and observers of military justice, it appears that
the appointment of the current Judge-Advocate General of the Canadian
Armed Forces was the appointment of the wrong person, at the wrong
position, at the wrong time. Due to leave his position in this coming
June, it is hoped that the new incumbent will be open to the important
changes that have been made in recent years with success and without prejudice to the need for good order and discipline in the military.
___________"Will Justice and Fairness Prevail?", Global Military
Justice Reform web site, blog, 27 March 2014, available at http://globalmjreform.blogspot.ca/
(accessed on 28 March 2014);
Will Justice and FairnessPrevail?
In his article entitled ‘Anglo-American’ Military Justice Systems and
the Wave of Civilianization: Will Discipline Survive?, Lieutenant-Colonel
S.S. Strickey of the Office of the Canadian Judge Advocate
General asks whether discipline will survive as a result
of what he calls civilianization of military justice. The issue
in Canada is not about civilianization of military
justice. Far from it. It is about justice
itself. It is about justice and fairness to soldiers
who, as Canadian citizens, are entitled to it as much as
civilians when it comes to the military prosecution of
ordinary criminal law offences. .... The
remedy is a simple one. Let the civilian courts try
ordinary criminal law offences and the military
institute disciplinary proceedings against military
offenders. In this way the military offenders retain their
civil rights that they can invoke before civilian
tribunals and the military can secure discipline for
disciplinary offences before military tribunals.
.......
From the left: Michel Drapeau and Gilles Létourneau, image source:
http://www.hilltimes.com, accessed 12 November 2014
LÉTOURNEAU, Gilles, 1945- and Michel Drapeau, 1943-, Canadian Military Law Annotated,
Toronto: Thomson -- Carswell, 2006, ciii, 1787 p., ISBN:
0459244086; see the Table of Contents, etc., at http://www.nimj.com/documents/CdnMilitaryLawAnnotated.pdf
(accessed on 10 July 2008); copy at Ottawa University, KE 6800
.L48 2006; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library KF7210 ZA2
L48 2006;
Contents
Foreword / Avant-Propos / The Honourable Edmond Blanchard –
Prologue / Lieutenant General Richard Evraire – Preface – Table of
cases – Table of acronyms and abbreviations – Part I.
Introduction. 1. Introduction. Table of contents. Introduction.
Background. The war years. The unification of the Canadian Forces.
The post-war years. The legislative framework. The current
structure. Customs, traditions and service etiquette. Military
justice professional associations. Conclusions. Annex A. Canada’s
contributions to UN peacekeeping operations, 1947-2006 – Annex B.
National Defence Headquarters Organizational Chart – Annex C. CF
hierarchical rank structure – Annex D. Pay and allowances: Regular
Force – Annex E. Canadian honours and awards – Annex F. CF major
weapons platforms – Annex G. Major (non-fighting) equipment –
Annex H. Principal Canadian Forces installations-postal addresses
– Bibliography – Permissions. Part II. Canadian Military Law. 2.
National Defence Act – 3. Visiting Forces Act – 4. Crimes Against
Humanity and War Crimes Act – 5. Geneva Conventions Act. Part III.
Canadian Military Law: Rules. 6. Court Martial Appeal Court Rules
– 7. Military Rules of Evidence – Part V. Defence Agreements. 8.
NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), 1951. [source, http://ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 December 2011]
___________"Epilogue" in Michel
Drapeau Law Office, ed., Winds
of Change: Conference and Debate on
Canadian Military Law, [Ottawa:]
Michel Drapeau Law Office, 2016, 102 p., at pp. 86-90; NOTES: Conference held at the
University of Ottawa, 13 November
2015; "For the first time an
international academic conference on
military law was held in Canada at the
University of Ottawa with the focus on
reform and comparative law" (Gilles
Létourneau, Preface, p. 7);
"(Organizing Committee for the Conference: Michel
W. Drapeau, Joshua M. Juneau, Walter
Semianiw and Sylvie Corbin)";
available at mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-Conference-Proceedings.pdf
(accessed 20
January 2016);
___________Military Justice in Action: Annotated National Defence
Legislation, Carswell, 2011, approx. 1700 p., ISBN: 978-0-7798-3632-1;
Contents
Foreword – Preface – A word of introduction by the authors – Table
of cases – Table of acronyms and abbreviations – 1. The Defence
portfolio and key actors – 2. National Defence Act annotated – 3.
Queen’s regulations and orders-Volume I. Administration – 4.
Queen’s regulations and order-Volume II. Discipline – 5. Queen’s
regulations and orders-Volume III. Financial – 6. Military rules
of evidence – 7. Rules of the Court Martial appeal court – 8.
Charter of Rights and Freedoms. [source: http://ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 December 2011]
___________Modernization of Canadian Military Criminal Justice: Behind the Times, 2017, 114 pages; available at http://mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Behind-The-Times.pdf(accessed 3 April 2017); for more information, please contact: Michel Drapeau Law Office, 192 Somerset West • Ottawa, Ontario • K2P 0J4, Tel: 613-236-2657 • Fax: 613-236-747, info@mdlo.ca
LÉTOURNEAU, Marc P. (Mark), Biographical notes on; not
necessarily written by Mr. Létourneau;
LCdr Marc P.
Létourneau,
Directorate of Defence Counsel Services
(Biography to be added when available)
Prior to joining the Canadian Forces in 2006, LCdr Mark
Létourneau acted as a provincial prosecutor with the
Directeur des poursuites criminelles et
pénales in Montréal. Since becoming a Legal Officer,
he has been prosecution and defence counsel. LCdr Létourneau
is currently the Appellate Counsel
in the office of the Director of Defence Counsel
Services. LCdr Létourneau is a graduate of the University of
Montréal Faculty of Law (LLB). He is currently pursuing his
graduate degree at Osgoode Hall Law School (LLM Criminal Law
and Procedure). He is called to the Bar in Québec. (image
source: http://www.cba.org/cba/cle/pdf/MIL13_Materials.pdf,
accessed 21 January 2015).
French Program students will have the chance to take a special course on military criminal law, “Droit pénal militaire” (CML4504JA), offered under the auspices of the Department of National Defence by Lieutenant-Commander Mark Létourneau, Legal Counsel at the Office of the Judge Advocate General.
---------
Les étudiants du Programme en français auront l’occasion de suivre le cours spécial « Droit pénal militaire » (CML4504JA), offert sous l’égide du ministère de la Défense nationale par le capitaine de corvette Mark Létourneau, conseiller juridique au Cabinet du Juge-avocat général.
___________photo de Marc Létourneau devant la Cour supreme du Canada, représentant l'adjudant Gagnon, 16 octobre 2018; Warrant Officer J.G.A. Gagnon v. Her Majesty the Queen (Federal Court) (Criminal) (As of Right), Case Docket 37972, https://www.scc-csc.ca/case-dossier/info/dock-regi-eng.aspx?cas=37972;
Dan Lett (source: winnipegfreepress.com/biographies/304912371.html)
LETT, Dan, "Hunting for Pirates: Dan Lett on board HMCS Winnipeg. Perspective: Months of Monday. Pirate-hunting an endless grind for HMCS Winnipeg and crew", Winnipeg Free Press, 30 May 2009; available at http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/hmcswinnipeg/Perspective-Months-of-Monday--46576202.html (accessed 6 April 2017); article discusses the presence of Major Warren Fensom, a JAG officer;
As the ship’s officers arrived for dinner — a special menu of roast
turkey, mashed potatoes and cranberry sauce — Maj. Warren Fensom looked
on with a warm smile. The ship’s lawyer, Fensom was hosting a special
dinner to celebrate the marriage of his son Kevin.
Fensom’s sudden and somewhat unexpected deployment with HMCS Winnipeg on
counter-pirate duties kept him from the wedding, which was held in the
stateroom in Esquimault, B.C., headquarters of the Canadian navy’s
Pacific operations.
With a full table of ship’s officers, Fensom rose from his seat and
explained that the dinner was not just an opportunity to celebrate his
son’s marriage, but also to pay homage to all the sailors on this
mission who are giving up time with family, partners, children.
As he raised his glass for a toast, many faces around the table looked
down. Few were the sailors at this table who weren’t missing something
important back home. Fensom has an unusual insight into the emotional stress of a military
deployment. His wife is a military physician who served in Bosnia,
Ethiopia and Rwanda. His son has done two tours of duty in Afghanistan.
And Fensom personally has served in Kosovo, Afghanistan and now on the
high seas.
He’s seen the trials and tribulations of military families from all
perspectives. And bar none, Fensom believes the most difficult assignment of all falls to those who stay at home. "I’ve been away on deployments, away from my family," Fensom said. "I’ve also been the spouse of someone in harm’s way. And I’ve been the father
of someone in harm’s way. And the worst is being the one at home, not
being able to do anything to protect your family."
As he watches and listens to the chatter between warships and
merchant vessels, Baines listens carefully to a Judge Advocate General
(JAG) lawyer for the Canadian Forces, Major Warren Fensom, who advises
the commander on the legal complexities of the anti-piracy mission. It
is unusual to have military lawyer on the front-line of mission like
this, but then again, this mission is unusually complex.
Piracy
is a criminal act where it is often unclear which nation if any has
jurisdiction over the alleged criminals. Legal jurisdiction can be
impacted by the flag the merchant ship is flying under, the nationality
of the captain and crew, the owners of the ship and even the owners of
the cargo. Finally, jurisdiction is further complicated by the
nationality of the warship that responds to the merchant vessel's
distress call.
LEUPRECHT, Christian, Testimony and video-still of LEUPRECHT, Christian, before the Senate Standing Committee
on National Security and Defence, on Bill C-77, An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other Acts, 27 May 2019, available at https://senvucloud.parl.gc.ca/Harmony/en/PowerBrowser/PowerBrowserV2/20190527/-1/9143 (accessed 29 May 2019); Mr. Leuprecht is a Professor, Department of Political Science and Economics, Royal Military College of Canada and appeared as an individual;
Image source: http://www.nationalnewswatch.com/author/elevant/, accessed 27 September 2016 Ezra Levant
LEVANT, Ezra, "Canada shouldn't be playing the pirates' game", Canadian Lawyer, Jul 2009, Vol.33(7), p.54;
LÉVEILLÉ : Le droit militaire
englobe trois piliers principaux : y a le droit
administratif, le droit militaire – justice militaire qu’on peut
aussi qualifier de droit disciplinaire et droit criminel, et il
y a le droit opérationnel, qui englobe le droit international humanitaire.
TREMBLAY : C’est tellement,
tellement varié. Quand on est déployé, c’est plutôt du droit
opérationnel qu’on fait, donc s’assurer que les besoins
opérationnels de la mission respectent les droits de la
personne, respectent le droit humanitaire.
LÉVEILLÉ : Donc c’est de
s’assurer que les opérations des Forces canadiennes sont faites
en conformité du droit canadien, des règles d’engagment, et du
droit international humanitaire, qui englobe en outre les
conventions de Genève et de La Haye.
TREMBLAY : Tout ce qui est
droit des conflits armés, protéger les civils, l’évaluation des
dommages collatéraux, le ciblage...
Description:
Cette thèse examine l'évolution parallèle de la justice pénale militaire et de l'office du juge-avocatgénéral
des origines à aujourd hui. La justice militaire au sein de l'armée
britannique a étée pendant des siècles administrée exclusivement par le
commandement, c'est-à-dire le pouvoir exécutif. Les cours martiales sont
alors des instruments de ce pouvoir. La règle de droit et les juristes
n'ont pas leur place dans ce système. L'exercice de la prérogative du
commandement fait l'objet d'une surveillance par le juge-avocatgénéral.
Cet office civil est confiée à un juriste. Ses interventions fondées
sur le droit son souvent considerées comme une menace à l'autorité du
commandement et donc à la discipline. Ses opinions ne lient les
autorités militaires. Au Canada en 1911, la charge de JAG est confiée à
un militaire clairement subordonné au commandement. Chez-nous le JAG est
complice du commandement dans l'exercice de sa prérogative. Le déclin
de la prérogative du commandement au profit d'un pouvoir judiciaire
indépendant amoree après la deuxième guerre mondiale a eu un impact
significatif sur le système et sur l'office du JAG. Les rôles du JAG
n'ont cessé de diminuer, surtout depuis l'avènement de la Charte. Nous
croyons que cet office doit être réévalué à la lumièe des changements
survenus et des nouvelles valeurs du système de justice penale
militaire. (source: http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=default_tab&indx= 31&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=01LOC&frbg=&vl%28freeText0%29=juge-avocat+general&scp.scps=primo_central_multiple_fe, visité 8 juillet 2016)
___________Evolution of Military
Justice and the Office of the Judge Advocate General,
August 2012, pdf format, part of the 2012 Canadian Bar
Association Canadian Legal Conference and Marketplace/Conf/rence
juridique canadienne (CJC) et Marché juridique de
l'Association du Barreau canadien; available from the
Canadian Bar Association Store; $40.00 for non-members and
$25.00 for members; available? at http://www.cba.org/CBA/Vancouver2012/pdf/CLC12_Slides_Session4_5_Eng.pdf
-- English et à http://www.cba.org/CBA/Vancouver2012/pdf/CLC12_Slides_Session4_5_Fre.pdf
en français (accessed on 7 April 2014); available also at in
CANADIAN BAR ASSOCIATION NATIONALPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT STREAM
MATERIALS, 100 Years of JAG Advice to the Canadian Forces
- Challenges and Opportunities/ 100 ans du
Juge-avocat général (JAG) au service des Forces armées
canadiennes : défis et perspectives[PRESENTATION][PRESENTATION
FRANÇAIS],
Moderator:Lieutenant-Commander
Pascal Lévesque, Office of the Judge Advocate General
(Gatineau); Speakers:Colonel
Mario Léveillée, Office of the Judge Advocate General
(Ott.); Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Strum, Office
of the Judge Advocate General (Ott.); Commander
Bonita Thornton, Office of the Judge Advocate General
(Toronto); Note: CBA Canadian Legal Conference, CBA and CCCA
Programs, August 12-14, 2012, Vancouver, BC; available at http://www.cba.org/CBA/Vancouver2012/cba-pd/Materials.aspx,
accessed on 21 January 2015;
Description
This slide presentation outlines the following: legal framework
background; military justice and command prerogative prior to
1950; office of the Judge Advocate General (JAG) in the United
Kingdom; office of the Judge Advocate General (JAG) Canada; and
the decline of the prerogative – Judiciarization [source: http://www.cba.org/cbastore/search.aspx?pubid=2&subject=Military+Law,
accessed on 10 April 2013]
Major Mario Léveillée receiving his diploma of achievement for the OPDP
program from BGen Pierre Boutet, JAG, image source: JAG
Newsletter/Bulletin d'actualités du JAG, volume 1, Part 1,
Jan-Feb 98, at p. 2 (posted 21 December 2016) ___________biographical notes; available at http://www.cba.org/CBA/Vancouver2012/pdf/CLC12_BIO_LeveilleeM.pdf
(accessed 2 May 2015);
Colonel Léveillée was born in Wakefield, Québec. He
articled and practiced law with the Québec Department of Justice before joining the Canadian Forces Legal Branch in
1988. After completing basic officer training and a few
months acting as prosecutor and defense counsel before
courts martial in Lahr, Germany, he was posted to Halifax
Nova Scotia as Deputy Judge Advocate Atlantic Region. His
other assignments include: Deputy Judge Advocate CFB
Gagetown (Oromocto, NB); Deputy Director Directorate of
Law Defense; Director Directorate Military Justice Policy
and Research; Director Directorate Law Training; Assistant
Judge Advocate General Western Region (Edmonton, AB),
Deputy Director Military Department, International
Institute of Humanitarian Law (San Remo, Italy), Assistant
Judge Advocate General Europe (Geilenkirchen Germany);
Director Directorate Strategic Legal Analysis; Acting
Deputy Judge Advocate General Regional Services. Deputy
and assistant Director of Military Prosecutions. He was
appointed by the Minister of National Defense as Director
of Military Prosecutions on 7 March 2012.
Colonel Léveillée was also legal advisor to the Canadian
Forces deployed in Haïti (1995-1996); legal advisor to the Task Force commander in preparation for and during the G8
Summit in Kananaskis Alberta (2002); deputy legal advisor
to the Commander of NATO`s Stabilization Force in Bosnia
(2003, Commander SFOR Commendation); Military Criminal Law
Advisor with the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of
Congo (2008). Colonel Léveillée is a graduate of the
University of Ottawa (LL.L. 1984; LL.M. 1997, Bar of Paris
Medal for highest academic achievement). He is also a
graduate of the Command and Staff Course at the Canadian
Forces College (1999-2000 CSC 26).
Source
of image: www.amazon.com
___________"L'organisation des Nations Unies et la mise en oeuvre
du droit international humanitaire", in Roberta Arnold and
Pierre- Antoine Hidbrand, eds., International
Humanitarian
Law and the 21st Century's Conflicts: Changes and Challenges,
Berne/Lugano: Éditions interuniversitaires suisses -- Edis,
2005 , 253 p., at pp. 61-95 (series; volume 4 of Argent
(Fribourg); Issue 4 of Série argent), ISBN: 2940341044,
9782940341047; also published in JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 78-85;
LÉVEILLÉE, Mario, 1962-, Dieter Fleck and Terry Gill, General
Report, "The Rule of Law in Peace Operations", in Recueil
XVII, International Society for Military Law and the Law of War,
2006, pp. 108-158;
__________Rapport Général, "La règle de droit dans les opérations
de la paix", dans Recueil XVII, Société internationale de
Droit militaire et de Droit de la Guerre, 2006, p. 49-107;
LÉVESQUE, Marc-Antoine Louis, devient juge-avocat le 12 janvier 1813, dans le Bulletin des recherches historiques, vol. 29, no. 11, novembre 1923 à la p. 327, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2657277 (consulté le 14 mars 2019);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
-----------
Mylène Lévesque (left) with Nadine Fortin at at
the
This photo is from Mylène Lévesque's article in 2014 International Woman's
Day, Ottawa, 6 Mar
2014
(2007) 1 JAG
Les actualités Newsletter 82 (photo Sgt Dan Shoinard, image source:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/canadianarmy/12994839924/in/photostream/)
LÉVESQUE, Mylène, "La campagne de charité en
milieu de travail 2006", (2007) 1 JAG Les actualités Newsletter 82;
___________LÉVESQUE, Mylène, agit comme procureure du Juge-avocat général dans l'arrêt Travailleurs sociaux (Ordre professionnel des) c Breton, 2006 CanLII 81971 (QC OTSTCFQ), <http://canlii.ca/t/g2p3x>, consulté le 2019-06-05;
__________"As air-campaign ends, CBC journalist wonders if LOAC would be applied differently by ground troops",
__________Book Review: "Death or Deliverance: Canadian Courts Martial in the Great War by Teresa Iacobelli", (2016) 85(3) University of Toronto Quarterly 383-384; see excerpt at https://muse.jhu.edu/article/632807/summary (accessed 2 November 2016); see also at https://muse.jhu.edu/article/632807 (accessed 25 January 2017);
Abstract (Summary)
Selon une approche classique avec des éléments de droit comparé,
l'auteur tente de trouver un meilleur équilibre entre efficacité et équité en justice militaire canadienne en défendant la thèse
qu'on peut améliorer les deux à la fois. Remontant dans une première partie aux sources du droit militaire anglo-américain
pour saisir le poids de l 'histoire, l'auteur montre comment la justice militaire canadienne est passée d'un système expéditif
soumis awc impératifs de la chaîne de commandement à un système
équitable mais plus lent. Favorisant la protection des droits de
la personne, l'auteur justifie la nécessité de calibrer à nouveau
le système malgré la législation en place. Dans une seconde
partie, l'auteur propose une série de mesures législatives comme
administratives visant à prévenir, de l'enquête au procès, les
délais indus et leurs conséquences néfastes tout en rehaussant l'équité par l'augmentation de la capacité d'intervention des
juges militaires, lesquels seraient investis de nouveawc pouvoirs
au sein d'une cour martiale pertnanente. (source: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=06-03-2016&FMT=7&DID=2016132381&RQT=309&attempt=1&cfc=1, vérifié le 5 juin 2011; également disponible à )
___________Coordonnées de Me Pascal Lévesque, qui travaille à l'étude Fradette et Lebel, avocats; sources information Bottin des avocats, Barreau du Québec, 3 janvier 2018; ne travaille plus à cet endroit, novembre 2018;
Me Pascal Lévesque plevesque@flavocats.ca Fradette et Lebel avocats 351 rue Labrecque Chicoutimi QC G7H 4S7
Téléphone :
(418) 543-4875
Téléphone :
18005423783
Télécopieur :
(418) 543-2129
___________Coordonnées de Me Pascal Lévesque, après avoir quitté l'étude Fradette et Lebel, Me Pascal Lévesque a travaillé pour le Directeur des poursuites criminelles et pénales (DPCP) et est maintenant Protecteur universitaire, à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi:
___________L'évolution et la réforme des procès sommaires en justice militaire canadienne / [The Evolution and Reform of Summary Trials in Canadian Military Justice], Ph.D. thesis, Queen's University, 2016 (directeur de thèse/thesis director: Don Stuart);
Abstract
Il y a un endroit où un citoyen canadien peut être envoyé
en détention pour 30 jours, par quelqu’un qui n’est pas juge,
sans être
représenté par avocat et sans avoir un véritable droit d’appel. Il s’agit du
système de procès sommaire des Forces
armées canadiennes. La présente thèse
analyse ce système et suggère des réformes. Elle est destinée à ceux ayant un
intérêt
d’améliorer l’administration de la justice militaire au niveau des
unités mais veulent suffisamment saisir les enjeux avant de
procéder.
Selon une approche juridique classique, aidée d’éléments
d’histoire du droit et de droit comparé, la présente recherche
débute en fixant
la justice militaire dans l’espace juridique canadien. Le chapitre introductif
explique également les concepts
fondamentaux, au premier chef le maintien de la
discipline, notion plus large pour laquelle le procès sommaire est un outil
de
dernier recours. Le deuxième chapitre décrit le système actuel. Un aperçu de
son évolution historique est d’abord présenté.
Ensuite, chaque étape du
processus est démystifiée, de l’enquête à la révision.
Dans le troisième chapitre, les violations potentielles à
la Charte sont identifiées, mettant
l’accent sur celles posant
le plus grand risque constitutionnel: le manque
d’indépendance judiciaire, l’absence de transcrit de l’audition, l’insuffisance
du droit à l’avocat et la disparité de traitement entre les grades. Le
quatrième chapitre présente les alternatives qui ont
été adoptées pour faire
face à des défis analogues. Ces alternatives proviennent tant des Forces
canadiennes que de juridictions
militaires étrangères de pays de common law et de droit civil.
Le cinquième chapitre
analyse si ces violations ne pourraient pas être néanmoins justifiées dans une
société libre et
démocratique. Sa conclusion est que, en présence
d’alternatives raisonnables, il serait difficile de convaincre un juge que le
système actuel constitue une limite légitime aux garanties judiciaires.
Le dernier chapitre
présente des options pour faire face à ces défis. D’abord, un regard critique
est porté sur la première
approche, celle de la ‘dépénalisation’, adoptée par
le gouvernement dans le récent projet de loi C-71. Ensuite, des mesures sont
recommandées pour mettre en œuvre la seconde approche, celle de la ‘judicialisation’.
Ces mesures ne visent pas qu’à renforcer
la constitutionnalité du système, mais
plus encore d’améliorer l’administration de la justice militaire dans un souci
de promouvoir
les droits des militaires.
There is a place where a Canadian
citizen can be sent to 30 days detention, by someone who is not a judge,
without being
represented by counsel, and without having a meaningful right to
appeal. It is the summary trial system of the Canadian Armed
Forces. This
thesis analyses that system and suggests reforms. It is aimed at those who have
an interest in improving the administration
of military justice at the unit
level but want to sufficiently understand the issues before doing so.
Through a classic legal approach
with elements of legal history and comparative law, this study begins by
setting military
justice in the Canadian legal firmament. The introductory
chapter also explains fundamental concepts, first and foremost the broader
notion of discipline, for which summary trial is one of the last maintaining
tools. Chapter II describes the current system. An overview
of its historical
background is first given. Then, each procedural step is demystified, from
investigation until review.
Chapter
III identifies potential breaches of the Charter,
highlighting those that put the system at greater constitutional risk:
the lack
of judicial independence, the absence of hearing transcript, the lack of legal
representation and the disparity of treatment
between ranks. Alternatives
adopted in the Canadian Armed Forces and in foreign jurisdictions, from both
common law and civil
law traditions, in addressing similar challenges are
reviewed in Chapter IV.
Chapter
V analyses whether the breaches could nevertheless be justified in a free and
democratic society. Its conclusion
is that, considering the availability of
reasonable alternatives, it would be hard to convince a judge that the current
system is a
legitimate impairment of the individual’s legal rights.
The
conclusion Chapter presents options to address current challenges. First, the
approach of ‘depenalisation’ taken by
the Government in recent Bill C-71 is
analysed and criticised. The ‘judicialisation’ approach is advocated through a
series of
16 recommendations designed not only to strengthen the
constitutionality of the system but also to improve the administration
of
military justice in furtherance of service members’ legal rights.
Compared with its civilian counterpart - which struggles with delays and
uncertain results - summary military justice is efficient. From offence
until outcome, 90 per cent of cases are dealt with in less than ninety
days. The other side of the coin is that there is no right to
representation by defence counsel, no transcript produced, and no appeal
to a judge. Nine times out of ten, individuals are found guilty. For
service members, consequences can include fines, reductions in rank,
confinement, and sentences of up to thirty days in military jail,
sometimes with a criminal conviction.
Addressing important gaps
in legal literature, Frontline Justice sets out to examine summary
justice in Canada's military and to advocate for reform. Pascal Lévesque
describes the origins, purposes, and features of the summary trial
system in the Canadian Armed Forces. He then analyzes the system's
benefits and flaws and the challenges it faces in maintaining discipline
while respecting the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Lévesque
determines that troubling aspects of the system, including the fact that
lower and higher ranks are dealt with and punished differently, are clear indicators of a need for change. Criticizing current legislation,
the book takes into account the latest developments in military law and
jurisprudence to make concrete recommendations for an alternative model
of military justice.
A thought-provoking and balanced analysis,
Frontline Justice seeks to remedy some of the more unfair and arcane
proceedings of the Canadian military's summary trial system.
___________"Les mesures visant la célérité de la justice canadienne:
éléments de comparaison avec des systèmes similaires", travail de
recherche dirigée en maîtrise, Université d'Ottawa, 2008
[non-publié];
__________ "Moriarity: Military Justice Now Based on Status, not Nexus: Wider Issues Remain" (2016) 24 Criminal Reports (7th) 377-384;
___________Note de recherche: Pascal Lévesque est depuis avril 2018 Procureur au Bureau du Directeur des Poursuites Criminelles et Pénales, voir https://ca.linkedin.com/in/pascal-l%C3%A9vesque-2a2b0552 (consulté le 18 mai 2018);
___________"Op Apollo -- Pensez différemment, sortez de la boîte!", (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 65-68; ANGLAIS: ___________"Op Apollo -- 'Think Outside the Box!' ", (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 68-71;
____________photo de Me Pascal Lévesque plaidant devant la Cour suprême du Canada dans l'arrêt Sa Majesté la Reine c. Justine Awashish (2018)
____________Photo de Pascal Lévesque avec d'autres officiers du JAG:
Source: (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités at p. 9 "Remise de la Médaille du service en Asie du Sud-Ouest pour l'OP APPOLO au maj Van Veen, maj Fensom, lcdr MacLeod, [MGen Pitzul, le JAG], ltv Lévesque, maj Wry, lcol Perron, captv MacDougall"
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
___________testimony as a member of the Defence Counsel Services, Department of National
Defence, before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs on the
provisions and operation of An Act to amend the National Defence Act (court martial) and to make a consequential
amendment to another act (S.C. 2008, c. 29); Issue 3, 12 March 2009; evidence;
LÉVESQUE, Pascal, Isabelle Richer, Radio-Canada, "L'ABC de la cour martiale: Isabelle Richer reçoit Pascal Lévesque, avocat et chercheur en droit militaire", audio-video, novembre 2016, 5 minutes, 20 secondes, disponible à http://ici.radio-canada.ca/audio-video/media-7613120/labc-de-la-cour-martiale (vérifié le 19 novembre 2016);
LEXUM, "Les décisions du juge militaire en chef sont à présent disponibles avec Decisia", blogue, 19 janvier 2015;
Afin de promouvoir l’accès aux résultats et décisions de la cour martiale, le ministère de la Défense nationale a intégré Decisia sur le site web du Juge militaire en chef (JMC).
Le nouveau site web de décision ne fournit pas seulement des
informations sur les décisions rendues, mais comprend également des
détails sur les cours martiales à venir. Un résumé est fourni pour
chaque cour martiale, y compris des informations sur les dates, les
lieux, les accusations et les résultats dès qu’ils sont disponibles.
Grâce à Decisia, les décisions des cours martiales peuvent maintenant
être recherchées en fonction de divers critères, y compris recherches
par les parties, le juge ou le type de décision. Les décisions connexes
sont également reliées entre elles grâce à une option « voir aussi ».
Dorénavant, les personnes intéressées à recevoir des mises à jour régulières sur les cours martiales peuvent s’inscrire à la liste de diffusion ou au fils RSS des décisions du JMC.
The CMAC [CMAC= Court martial
Appeal Court; R. v. Liwyj, 2010 CMAC 6] reviewed
the law established by the Supreme Court of Canada – our country’s
highest court – and determined that the only exception to a CF
member’s duty of obedience is where a superior’s command is
“manifestly unlawful.” This is consistent with Note B to QR&O article 19.015, which states in part: “where the subordinate does
not know the law or is uncertain of it he shall, even though he
doubts the lawfulness of the command, obey unless the command is
manifestly unlawful.”
The question becomes: How does a
CF member determine whether a command is manifestly unlawful and
disobedience is justified? The CMAC identified the following legal
principles. First, a command that has no clear military purpose will be considered unlawful. Note F to QR&O article 103.17
echoes the same principle: “A command, in order to be lawful must
be one relating to military duty, i.e., the disobedience of which
must tend to impede, delay or prevent a military proceeding.”
Second, an order “that offends the
conscience of every reasonable right-thinking person,” or that is
“patently and obviously” wrong, amounts to a manifestly unlawful
order. Note C to QR&O article 19.015 provides the following examples: “a command by an officer or non-commissioned member to
shoot a member for only having used disrespectful words,” or “a
command to shoot an unarmed child.”
In Liwyj, the CMAC
stressed that CF members have no lawful excuse for disobeying an
order that is “merely questionable.” A difference of opinion or a
“disagreement between fair-minded persons” is not enough to
justify disobedience. Furthermore, CF members cannot rely on their
own personal opinions. Disobedience is only justified when the
objective, reasonable person would find that the command was
manifestly unlawful.
__________on Dorothy Liang, listed as a witness before the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security, on Bill S-2, An Act to amend the Criminal Code and other Acts, 6 October 2010; see https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/40-3/SECU/meeting-32/notice (accessed 30 May 2019);
___________on Dorothy Liang, see STARR, Ryan, "Fitness tests and pistol practice aren’t typical
requirements for in-house counsel. But for JAG lawyer Dorothy
Liang, it’s all part of her basic training", Precedent Magazine, 30 November, 2009;
available at http://lawandstyle.ca/career/best_practices_new_recruit/
(accessed on 13 January 2015);
"Lieut.-Col. Allen Cashiered", The Globe, Toronto, 30 May 1916, at p. 3;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
ProQuest Historical Newspapers:
Source: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca, accessed 24 September 2018
Image source: http://law.unimelb.edu.au/about/staff/rain-liivoja, accessed 16 August 2016 Rain Liivoja LIIVOJA, Rain, "Service Jurisdiction Under International Law", (2010) 11(2) Melbourne Journal of International Law 309; available at http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbJIL/2010/12.html (accessed 15 March 2018);
___________ "Law and Honour: Normative Pluralism in the Regulation of Military Conduct", (May 9, 2012). Jan Klabbers & Touko Piiparinen (eds), Normative
Pluralism and International Law: Exploring Global Governance (Cambridge
University Press, 2013, Forthcoming); U of Melbourne Legal Studies
Research Paper No. 582. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2055519; deals with Canadian law for one section but very informative about others (even if Canada is not mentioned);
Image source: global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-criminal-law-9780199673599?cc=ca&lang=en&, accessed 10 September 2016 ___________"Military Justice" in Markus D. Dubber, Tatjana Hornle, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law, Oxford, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2014 , xxi, 1203 pages ; 26 cm at Chapter 15 (series; Oxford handbooks), ISBN: 9780199673599, 0199673594;
Image source: , accessed 8 January 2019 Jack (John) Lindsay LINDSAY, John, "The power to react: review and discussion of Canada's emergency measures legislation"(2014) 18(2) The International Journal of Human Rights 159-177;
Abstract
Almost
a century ago Canada implemented the War Measures Act to give the
federal government extraordinary powers to deal with the domestic
implications of the First World War. The government further expanded and institutionalised these powers through the Second World War, the Korean
crisis and the cold war period. Now these war emergency powers are
entrenched in both federal and provincial emergency measures legislation and exercised for peacetime disasters. This paper reviews the
historical progression of these powers to better understand the original
context for their development and to connect past abuses of civil
rights under the War Measures Act to the protections and limits
incorporated in the current legislation. Then, based on this understanding of where the powers originated, the paper takes a
comprehensive look at the powers available across the Canadian
jurisdictions. It identifies common groups of powers and discusses
regional variations. It concludes with a short discussion on the
imbalance between extraordinary powers for response and the lack of a
corresponding emphasis on reducing the risks that may generate the need
for them. [Source: tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642987.2014.889392?scroll=top&needAccess=true, accessed 8 January 2019]
Source: Source: (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter--Les actualités at p. 8 Ken Lindstein receiving his CD from MGen Jerry Pitzul (right)
LINDSTEIN, Ken, retired lawyer! former JAG officer;
Ken Lindstein retired lawyer at....
Manitoba, Ottawa, Trenton, Bosnia, Ottawa, Halifax, Ottawa, Khartoum, Ottawa... [source: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/ken-lindstein-4b2822149, accessed 29 October 2017]
Talks, song and a video clip highlighted the role of UNMIS [United Nations Mission in Sudan] in Sudan
as well as the meaning of peace at an all-girls school in north Khartoum
on 24 January.
"As you can see, I wear a uniform and a blue beret," Lt. Col. Ken
Lindstein from Canada said to students gathering under a large tent in a
well-kept, green schoolyard in Bahri, "but I don't carry a rifle or a
pistol."
Explaining peacekeepers' impartiality, Lt. Col. Lindstein told the
students, aged between 13 and 16, that UNMIS was in the country to
assist the Government of Sudan in implementing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, as requested by the Sudanese government.
He also noted that UNMIS troops, who came from 52 different
countries, were mandated to monitor and verify activities of the
previously warring parties of North and Southern Sudan as well as assist
with various other activities, including disarmament and
demobilization, demining, protection of civilians and elections
scheduled for April 2010.
According to headmistress Najat Mustafa, students lacked
comprehensive information on the importance of peace for their wider
communities. She expressed hope that they would have a clearer picture
after the event.
When there was peace, Lt. Col. Lindstein noted, "Children like you
have the opportunity to get education without violence ... instead of
having to worry about your villages being attacked."
Students of the Bahri school, which boasts one of Khartoum's best
yearly exam results, also posed questions to the UNMIS representative,
many focusing on how the mission would ensure peace and stability after elections as well as the referendum scheduled for 2011.
Noting that UNMIS aimed to bring conflicting parties together in
finding resolutions, Lt. Col. Lindstein also emphasized students' role
in educating themselves about the peace process. When peace was
maintained, he added, development occurred and more opportunities opened
up for the country's population.
LINTON, Art, "Experienced International CEO, Director, and Lawyer", available at https://ca.linkedin.com/in/artlinton (accessed on 3 September 2016);
Art is a recipient of both United Nations and Canadian Peace Keeping
Medals for his service while a member of the Canadian Armed Forces, as
well as the Judge Advocate General’s Command Coin for his service to
military lawyers. [bold added].
source: https://twitter.com/art_linton, accessed 2 December 2018
The most senior Canadian military officer ever to die in combat is Malcolm Mercer, a lawyer from Toronto who set aside his successful law practice in 1914 to serve Canada in the early days of WWI. Major- General Mercer commanded the 3rd Canadian Division through the 2 nd Battle of Ypres and was later killed in action at Mount Sorrel. Mercer’s 3rd Division went on to write history at the battle of Vimy Ridge in April of 1917.
Mercer was not alone in his commitment to service and leadership. Charles Holland Locke, a lawyer from Winnipeg, Manitoba, served as a Captain in the artillery at Vimy Ridge. After the war, Locke returned to practice law in British Columbia and in 1947, was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. Service and leadership are inter-generational principles. ...
Legal Officers LCdr Antoine Lippé (right) and Capt Ève Rioux (left) were in Charlevoix for the G7 Summit [June 2018] supporting @CanadianForces troops deployed on #OpCADENCE in support of law enforcement agencies. They are seen here with CWO Dugal, 3 #R22eR Regimental Sergeant Major." (accessed 15 June 2018)
LIPPÉ, Antoine, LCdr, member of the Quebec Bar, Department of Justice Canada and the OJAG (reserve);
Image source: http://www.law.utoronto.ca/news/grad-student-kyle-kirkup-and-alumnus-ryan-liss-land-2013-trudeau-foundation-scholarships, accessed 26 September 2015 Ryan Liss
LISS, Ryan, "The abuse of ambiguity: the uncertain status of
Omar Khadr under international law", (2012) 50 Canadian
Yearbook of International Law 95-161;
There has been a great deal of contemporary
scholarly debate, in the abstract, surrounding many of the
issues related to Khadr's case, such as the status of
"unlawful combatants" and child soldiers. This article
endeavours to clarify Khadr's status under international law. First, it analyzes Khadr's status under international
humanitarian law,(IHL). In doing so, it considers the
character of the conflict in which Khadr was captured, the
concept of combatancy, the assertion that Khadr was an
"unlawful combatant," and the rights guaranteed to Khadr
under IHL as a result of his status. Second, the article
assesses Khadr's potential protections as a child soldier by surveying the debate concerning the definition of child
soldiers, the obligations of states detaining child
soldiers, and the principles governing the treatment of
minors involved in penal processes generally. This article
focuses on the international legal status and protections
Khadr should have been granted, rather than the question
of whether any specific breaches of his rights in fact
occurred. Nevertheless, even without a thorough review of
the state conduct at issue, it is evident that the United
States (and arguably Canada) breached some of the basic guarantees that should have
been afforded to Khadr. While the law surrounding each
aspect of his status is not clear, it seems the United
States and Canada have exploited this very ambiguity to
justify their disregard for Khadr's rights. The article
concludes by observing that this approach to legal
ambiguity is, itself, contrary to the foundational
principles of IHL (source: https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2014/ihl-bibliography-3-quarter-2014.pdf,
accessed 15 March 2015)
LIST, on lists, see:
- Canadian Law List, Agincourt, Ont. : Canada Law Book, 1883-;
[Research note on the Canadian Law List, see "Law Association Has 14 on Active Service", Hamilton Spectator, 1941/02/19, and
particularly its paragraph 1, available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5044699
(accessed 31 May 2019); it reads: "The new Canadian Law List, just off the press, features a list by communities showing the names of barristers and solicitors who have joined the armed forces."
- Canadian Law Times, Toronto : Carswell, 1881-1922; this
periodical published a “List of Barristers, Solicitors and
Students-at-Law Now on Active Service for Canada and the Empire…,” in
1915;
LITNER, David, 1907-2004, lawyer, member of the OJAG;
David Litner was born in Montreal on Dec. 31, 1907, the son of
Russian immigrant parents and grew up on St. Dominique St. His father
ran a grocery store. He went to the Montreal High School and in 1927 was
accepted at McGill University. While at McGill he worked as a tour guide to pay for his tuition. He got to know Brother Andre and helped
the humble Catholic lay brother sell his healing oil to the pilgrims he
took to St. Joseph's chapel while Brother Andre was still trying to
raise money to build the oratory.
Litner was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1931.
When the Second World War began in 1939, Litner enlisted in the Royal
Canadian Hussars and served with the 17th Artillery Brigade. When the
war ended, he remained in the army working as a lawyer in the judgeadvocate-general's
office with the Department of National Defence in Ottawa where he was
involved in routine courts-martial and also helped the prosecution
prepare their cases against Japanese war criminals.
He was
decomissioned in 1948 with the rank of major. When he returned to
Montreal, he shared an office with Samuel Moskovitch, the former mayor
of Cote St. Luc who died in 1976.
--------------------------Image source: forces.gc.ca/en/about-reports-pubs-military-law-annual-2013-14/ch-1-who-we-are.page, accessed 27 November 2016 The
JAG, MGen J. Pitzul, presents the General Major A. Litowski Campaign Star to Maj A. Litowski
(image source: (2006) 1 JAG
Les actualités -- Newsletter at p. 11)
LITOWSKI, Anne, Military Boards of Inquiry and Military
Police Investigations: Cooperation and the Limits to the Power
to Compel Information, mémoire LL.M., University of
Ottawa, 2013, thesis mentioned in / thèse citée dans Revue
du Barreau du Québec, 2014, volume 73, à la p. 677;
Image source: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/ken-lloyd-3039802a, accessed 11 May 2016 Kenneth Lloyd
LLOYD, Kenneth W.J. (Kenneth William Joseph), 1951-, Blazing a new trail : creating a
Dispute Resolution Centre for the Canadian military at Canadian
Forces Base Petawawa, thesis (M.A.)--Royal Roads
University, 2004, 144 pages;
[Abstract]
To design a template for establishing a Dispute Resolution Centre in an operational military base. The research project examines the first six months of the Dispute Resolution Centre in Canadian Forces Base Petawawa, during a double deployment for Operations Athena and Palladium. Conflict theory and systems design are reviewed to research the importance of voice and procedural justice in resolving conflict. Recommendations for a "Triage" approach to managing conflict at every level of leadership. To extend the role of the Dispute Resolution Centre to provide first and neutral information on both Rights and Interest based resolution choices for disputants. [AMICUS catalogue]
LOCKYER, James E., "Charter Implications for Military Justice: A
Commentary on Zillman and Blair" (1993) 42 University of
New Brunswick Law Journal 243-258;
----- Hugo Loiseau, source de l'image: http://www.cei.ulaval.ca/?pid=66, visité 25 décembre 2015
LOISEAU, Hugo, "Une réponse juridique au cyberterrorisme est-elle possible?", Conférence Cyberattaque. Réponses normatives: du militaire au juridique 20 novembre 2015, Université de Montréal, présentation Power Point disponible à http://www.crdp.umontreal.ca/docs/2015/12/Pre%CC%81sentation-20112015-H-Loiseau.pdf (visité 25 décembre 2015);
LOISEAU, Hugo, Charles-Antoine Millette et Lina Lemay, "La stratégie du Canada en matière de cybersécurité : de la parole aux actes?", (2013) 19(2) Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 144-157; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article non consulté (25 décembre 2015);
"The London School of Economics & Political Science and the
Office of the JAG: A Continuing Success Story", (2005) 1 Les actualités JAG Newsletter
7-8; about the LSE and
its JAG students: LCol Blaise Cathcart, LCol Kirby Abbott, LCol
Fraser Brownlee and LCol Michael Gibson; FRANÇAIS : "Le London School of Economics & Political Science et le
cabinet du JAG: une exp/rience réussie", (2005) 1 Les actualités JAG Newsletter
8-9; sur le LSE et ses
étudiants du JAG: les LCol Blaise Cathcart, LCol Kirby Abbott,
LCol Fraser Brownlee et le LCol Michael Gibson;
image: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/waldemar-lonc-b56912152, consulté 15 June 2018 Waldemar Lonc
LONC, Waldemar (W.B.), former military lawyer with OJAG, employed at Claims and Civil Litigation with Office of the Legal Advisor to the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces (DND/CF LA); research done 15 June 2018;
Source of image: twitter.com/londonweinsteinhttps://twitter.com/londonweinstein, accessed 22 January 2016 Anne London-Weinstein, Counsel, Criminal Lawyers Association
LONDON-WEINSTEIN, Anne, "Justice for All: Canadian Military Law and Charter Values", in Michel
Drapeau Law Office, ed., Winds
of Change: Conference and Debate on
Canadian Military Law, [Ottawa:]
Michel Drapeau Law Office, 2016, 102 p., at pp. 72-82, NOTES: Conference held at the
University of Ottawa, 13 November
2015; "For the first time an
international academic conference on
military law was held in Canada at the
University of Ottawa with the focus on
reform and comparative law" (Gilles
Létourneau, Preface, p. 7);
"(Organizing Committee for the Conference: Michel
W. Drapeau, Joshua M. Juneau, Walter
Semianiw and Sylvie Corbin)"; Speech transcribed by Joshua M. Juneau, p. 31;
available at mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-Conference-Proceedings.pdf
(accessed 20
January 2016);
___________Lawyer, Criminal Lawyers Associations, her testimony on Bill C-15,An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make
consequential amendments to other Acts -- this Bill has the
Short Title:Strengthening Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act,
before the House of Commons Standing Committee on National
Defence, meeting number 66, 13 February 2013, minutes and evidence;
LONGMAN, C.C. Major, defended CSM Marcus Charles Tugby with the assistance of D.A. Golden of Winnipeg at his court martial , see the article: "Canadian, Briton To Face Charges Of Helping Japs", The Globe and Mail, 5 March 1946, at p. 3;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 25 November 2018
___________LONGMAN, C.C. Major, defended CSM Marcus Charles Tugby with the
assistance of D.A. Golden of Winnipeg at his court martial , see the
article: "Non-Comissioned Officers Will Be Tried at Winnipeg. Pair Said to
Have Ill-Treated Other Prisoners After Fall of Hong Kong", Hamilton
Spectator, 1946/03/04, available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5134595 (accessed 8 June 2019);
LONGPRÉ, Benjamin, "Le traitement réservé aux adolescents dans le système de justice militaire canadien", Winner of the 2019 Sword and Scale Essay Contest, July 30, 2019; disponible à Winner of the 2019 Sword and Scale Essay Contest (consulté le 1er août 2019);
Benjamin Longpré holds a diploma in policing techniques from Cégep de
l'Outaouais, and recently graduated from the Civil Law Section of the
University of Ottawa. He will complete the national program offered by
the Common Law Section in April 2019 and begin articling with the
federal government over the summer. His interest in military law was
confirmed during a course offered by the Office of the Judge Advocate
General.
The contest jury would also like to acknowledge two honourable mentions: Jenna Bontorin for her paper Cyber Civilians: Distinction and Proportionality in a Shared Space, and Rachael Gardner for her paper Ground Control to Major Tom: Does the Rome Statute Apply in Outer Space?
LORANGER, J.T. (Jean T.), died on 8 July, 1982, a Canadian lawyer with the Office of the Judge Advocate General (JAG). He served with No. 5 War Crimes Court of the Japanese War Crimes Tribunal in Hong Kong from May to October 1947;
- Fonds 2004/63 --
J.T. Loranger fonds, reference code CA ON00093
2004/63, National Defence Headquarters, Directory of History and Heritage
Major J.T. Loranger was a Canadian lawyer with the
Office of the Judge Advocate General (JAG) of the
Department of National Defence. He served with No. 5 War Crimes Court of the Japanese War Crimes Tribunal
in Hong Kong from May to October 1947. While in Hong
Kong, Loranger also worked as a liaison to the British
War Graves Registration Unit that was operating in the
area. Major Loranger died in 1983.
....
Fonds consists of material documenting Major J.T.
Loranger's involvement in the Japanese War Crime
Tribunal after the Second World War. This includes
information on charges, witness statements, court
rulings, and addresses to the court for a wide range
of Japanese war crime trials. Also included are the
locations of various casualty graves, Loranger's
personal notes on the Japanese language, two manuals
entitled Circular Memorandum on Field General
Court-Martial on Active Service for Use in the United
Kingdom and Manual on Military Law, 1929, and two
black & white photographs of Loranger in court.
There are 4 series:I. War Crimes CommissionII. Major G.B. Falconar TrialIII. Trials of Japanese War
CriminalsIV. Miscellaneous (source: http://www.archeion.ca/j-t-loranger-fonds;rad,
accessed on 25 February 2012);
- "Avec la brigade spéciale: Le major Jean T. Loranger", La Presse, lundi, le 20 novembre 1950, à la p. 16; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2959731 (consulté le 3 avril 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in
or out of the web page being viewed
- on LORANGER, Major J.T., see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge
Advocate General, c2002, at pages 66 and 80, available at i-xii
and 1-102;
LORTIE, Geneviève, legal officer, member of the Quebec Bar (1997), member of the OJAG;
From the left: Col Stephen Strickey, Deputy Judge Advocate General, Military Justice; Cmdre Geneviève Bernatchez, Judge Advocate General, Canadian Armed Forces; and LCol Geneviève Lortie, Director of Law, Military Justice, Policy.
__________Testimony of LCol Lortie, Director of Law, Military Justice, Policy, before the House of Commons on Bill C-77, An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other Acts, 20 November 2018 (42nd Parl., 1st Sess.), see http://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/NDDN/StudyActivity?studyActivityId=10298424#2018-11-20 (accessed 21 November 2018);
___________Testimony and video-still of LCol Lortie, from the OJAG, Director of Law, Military Justice, Policy, before the Senate Standing Committee on National Security and Defence, on Bill C-77, An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other Acts, 27 May 2019, available at https://senvucloud.parl.gc.ca/Harmony/en/PowerBrowser/PowerBrowserV2/20190527/-1/9143 (accessed 29 May 2019);
Delegation of authorities is an important element to mission command.
The CFACC, with Judge Advocate General (JAG) assistance, developed a
delegation of authorities matrix (Table 1) to account for an array of
operational eventualities so that decisions and actions were not
interrupted by process. This tool was extremely effective during
RIMPAC 2014, especially so during dynamic and time-sensitive targeting
events.
Ronald Lunau, photo reproduced from http://www.gowlings.com/OurPeople/ron-lunau
(accessed on 31 March 2014)
LUNAU, Ronald D., "Military Tribunals under the Charter" (1992) 2
National Journal of Constitutional Law / Revue nationale
de droit constitutionel 197-216;
Image source: rmc-cmr.ca/en/english/steve-lukits, accessed 8 March 2018 Steve Lukits
LUKITS, Steve, "Book Reviews --A KEEN SOLDIER: THE EXECUTION OF SECOND WORLD WAR PRIVATE HAROLD
PRINGLEby Andrew Clark Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada. 342 pages, $35.95", Canadian Military Journal, vol. 4, number 2, available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo4/no2/book-livre-04-eng.asp (accessed 8 March 2018);
LUSSIER, Vincent, Gérer le risque? Le Canada et les firmes militaires privées, École de politique appliquée, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université Sherbrooke, dans le cadre de GEP 850 Mémoire, Sherbrooke, 22 mai 2013; disponible à MR94378.pdf - Université de Sherbrooke, consulté le 9 mars 2018;
Abstract
Partant des incidents (Carré Nissor, 2007; Abu Grahib, 2004) ayant amené
les services de sécurités privés à l'avant-scène médiatique durant le
conflit irakien des années 2000, cette recherche se concentre sur le
développement de ces derniers au sein des zones de conflits en
Afghanistan et en Irak. En explorant la littérature existante, les
nombreux questionnements subsistants donnèrent naissance aux fondements
de cette recherche : Qu'en est-il du Canada? Quelles tâches sont
sous-traiéees par le Canada à cette industrie? Et plus important encore :
Comment le Canada encadre-t-il cette industrie? Faisant le choix de
centrer la problématique sur cet encadrement, le chercheur adopte une
approche politico-administrative afin d'adresser la situation selon
l'angle de l'acteur ayant le plus d'influence, soit le gouvernement
canadien. La recherche s'amorce par un détour conceptuel analysant les
approches utilisées pour étudier cette industrie, la nature de cette
dernière et les fonctions lui étant dévolues. De nombreuses approches
sont utilisées pour aborder cette industrie, certaines axées sur les aspects légaux, d'autres sur les impacts sur le domaine militaire ou
encore sur les répercussions de l'arrivée de ce "nouveau" joueur sur la
scène internationale. Par la suite, l'auteur fait un détour important afin de situer les concepts et la nature de l'industrie et des
compagnies qui la compose. On apprend ainsi que cette industrie se
définit à la fois selon les types de services offerts et la nature
commerciale des compagnies. De nombreuses différences sont notables
entre les entreprises composant cette industrie, entre celles
fournissant des services logistiques ou celles possédant d'imposantes
capacités de projection de la force létale, ou encore entre celles étant
des multinationales jouant sur divers échiquiers et celles fondées pour
des contrats particuliers. Afin de procéder à une réflexion pertinente
sur l'usage canadien de l'industrie des services militarisés, l'auteur
s'impose l'étude de l'état de la réflexion sur l'emploi de cette
industrie par les gouvernements britannique et américain. En ressortent,
le difficile questionnement sur la méthode d'encadrement à adopter, des
risques du laisser-aller, des besoins de surveillance de l'exécution
des contrats en théâtre d'opérations, des risques de fraudes, des
failles législatives relatives aux actions prisent par le personnel
civil employé, etc. Le portrait dresse des conclusions tirées par ces États souligne nombre de risques devant être considérés dans le recours
au personnel privé pour combler les besoins au sein des zones de
combats. L'étude du cas canadien se doit de commencer par un état des lieux de la sous-traitance canadienne. Celui-ci est essentiellement
obtenu grâce à une demande d'accès à l'information listant les contrats
ayant été octroyés dans le cadre du conflit en Afghanistan par les ministères de la Défense nationale et des Affaires étrangères et du
Commerce international. L'étude se concentre par la suite sur le
processus contractuel ainsi que l'approche officielle du gouvernement canadien soit le respect des engagements contenus dans le Document de
Montreux. Finalement, la recherche procède à l'analyse des risques
reliés aux tâches et de la politique, en ébauche, du Ministère de la
Défense nationale sur le recours aux sous-traitants en zone de conflit.
Image source: http://estatesandwills.ca/about-us/meet-the-agb-lawyers-team/kelly-lynch-b-eng-j-d/, accessed 28 May 2018 Kelly Lynch
LYNCH- STANTON, V., Wing Commander, was defence counsel in the court martial of Dahl, see "Harold Evans 'Whitey' Dahl", available at http://acesofww2.com/can/aces/dahl.htm (accessed 9 June 2019);
Photo Source:
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/tu-thanh-ha, accessed 5
Ocober 2016
image
source: commonlaw.uottawa.ca/en/people/bindman-stephen,
accessed 18 August 2017
;
available at : 
Source:
pressreader.com/canada/the-aurora-labrador-city/20171204/281487866676474,
accessed 30 June 2018
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Canadian
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